Renewable energy. Tomoko Doko Lecturer of Keio University

Transcription

1 Renewable energy Tomoko Doko Lecturer of Keio University

2 1. Definition of renewable energy

3 Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). Source:

4 Biofuel Biofuel is a type of fuel which is in some way derived from biomass. The term covers solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases (Demirbas, A., 2009). Demirbas, A.. (2009). "Political, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels: A review". Applied Energy 86: S108 S117. doi: /j.apenergy

5 Bus running on soybean biodiesel. U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (

6 Biomass Biomass, a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms (Biomass Energy Center 2011), such as wood, waste, (hydrogen) gas, and alcohol fuels. Biomass Energy Center 049&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

7 Wood is a typical source of biomass

8 A schematic of a microbial electrolysis cell.

9 Geothermal energy Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is energy that determines the temperature of matter. Earth's geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals and from volcanic activity.

10 Steam rising from the Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station in Iceland. Gretar Ívarsson, geologist at Nesjavellir,

11 Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than fossil fuel powered energy plants.

12 Gordon Dam, Southwest National Park, Tasmania, Australia. The Gordon Dam in Tasmania is a large hydro facility, with an installed capacity of 430 MW. Noodle snacks, ordon_dam.jpg

13 Solar energy Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar radiation, along with secondary solarpowered resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account for most of the available renewable energy on earth.

14 Nellis Solar Power Plant in the United States, one of the largest photovoltaic power plants in North America. U.S. Air Force photo/airman 1st Class Nadine Y. Barclay,

15 Tidal power Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.

16 SeaGen - world's first commercial tidal generator in Strangford Lough Northern Ireland Fundy,

17 Wave power Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work for example, electricity generation, water desalination, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs). Machinery able to exploit wave power is generally known as a wave energy converter (WEC).

18 When an object bobs up and down on a ripple in a pond, it experiences an elliptical trajectory. Motion of a particle in an ocean wave. A = At deep water. The orbital motion of fluid particles decreases rapidly with increasing depth below the surface. B = At shallow water (ocean floor is now at B). The elliptical movement of a fluid particle flattens with decreasing depth. 1 = Propagation direction. 2 = Wave crest. 3 = Wave trough. Source: Crowsnest,

19 One of three Pelamis machines bursts through a wave at the Aguçadoura Wave Park off Portugal P123,

20 Wind power Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

21 Windmills are typically installed in favourable windy locations. In the image, wind power generators in Spain near an Osborne bull toro de osborne,

22 2. Trend in the world

23 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Renewable energy supplies 19 percent of global final energy consumption, counting traditional biomass, large hydropower, and new renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels). Source: REN21 RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

24 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW Global renewable energy capacity grew at rates of percent annually for many technologies during the five year period from the end of 2004 through For many renewable technologies, such as wind power, growth accelerated in 2009 relative to the previous four years. Source: REN21 RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

25 Power Generation Markets Existing renewable power capacity worldwide reached an estimated 1,230 gigawatts (GW) in 2009, up 7 percent from Renewable energy now comprises about a quarter of global power-generating capacity (estimated at 4,800 GW in 2009) and supplies some 18 percent of global electricity production. When large-scale hydropower is not included, renewables reached a total of 305 GW, a 22- percent increase over Source: REN21 RENEWABLES 2010 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

26 Thank you for attention!