What is the difference of the weather and the climate?:

Transcription

1 What is the difference of the weather and the climate?: The climate is the result of avearge atmospheric conditions in a certain region over a long period of time (usually 30 years). The weather is the result of amospheric conditions at a certain place and time. The climatology is the sicience of the climate, the study of the climatic elements and factors that affect it. The meteology is the study of atmospheric phenomena. Climate zones: Distribution of climates on our planet: In low latitudes (0º-23º) Intertropical zone. It is a hot climate. - Desert climate (about 23º). - Humidity and dry tropical climate (about 23º-0º). - Equatorial cliamte (0º). In mid latitudes (23º-66º) Mid latitude zone. It is a temperated climate. - Continental climate. - Atlantic/Ocean climate. - Mediterranean climate. In high Latitudes (66º-90º) High latitudes zone. It is a cold climate. - Polar climate. In all latitudes (0º-90º) Mountain climate zone. It is a cold l climate. - Alpine climate. Page 1

2 Localitation of climate zones: - Low latitudes (0º-23º) - Mid latitudes (23º-66º) - High Latitudes (66º-90º) North pole 90º N Artic Circle 66º 33' N Tropic of Cancer 23º 27' Equator 0º Topic of Capricorn 23º 27' Antartic circle 66º 33' S South pole 90º S The elements of the climate: Temperature Altitude: the temperature fall with de altitude. Latitude: the temperature decrease from the Equator towards the poles. Proximity to the sea: the sea heats up and cools down more slowly the land. Ocean currents: the warm ocean currents, heated; and the cold oceans currents, cooling. Prevalling winds: this winds provocated the humidity and dry season. Direction of the wind: If come to the north, cold; if come to the south, warm. Precipitation Proximity to the sea: in the sea evaporated water and rain. Prevalling winds: this winds provocated the humidity and dry season. Humidity: If there are more humidity, rain more than other sites. Atmospheric pressure Wind Page 2

3 Tipes of climates (temperature): Hot climate More than 20ºC mean annual temperature. Temperated climate Between 5º and 20º C mean annual temperature. Cold climate. Less than 5ºC mean annual temperature. Tipes of climates (precipitacion): Very humid climate Over 2000 mm PP Humid climate Over 1000 mm PP Quite humid climate Over 800 mm PP Semi-arid climate 300 and 800 mm PP Arid climate Less than 300 mm PP Equatorial climate: Tropical or hot climates Temperate climates Cold climates Equatorial Mediterranean Polar Humid tropical Humid sub-tropical Alpine Monsoon Maritime Dry tropical Continental Hot desert Page 3

4 Equatorial climate: Temperatures are high throughout the year. The mean annual temperature is over 25ºC. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year, over 1500mm annually. There is no dry season. Humid tropical climate: Temperatures are high throughout the year. The mean annual temperatureis over 20ºC. Pre cipitation is abundand, although less than 1500 mm annually. There are two seasons: the dry season and the wet season. A variation of the humid tropical climate is the monsoon. Hot desert climate: Temperatures are high: The mean annual temperature is over 20ºC. There is a pronoucend difference between day and night temperatures. Precipitation is very rare at any time of year, less than 250 mm. Page 4

5 Mediterranean climate: Temperatures are mild in winter and hot in summer. The mean annual temperature varies between 10ºC and 20ºC. Precipitation varies between 300mm and 1000 mm anually. The summer is very dry. Maritime climate: Temperatures are moderate throughout the year, mild in witer and cool in summer. The mean annual temperate varies between 10ºC and 18ºC. Precipitation is abundant throughout the year. The average is arround 1000mm annually, but can be more. Continental climate: Temperatures are very cold in winter and hot in sumer. The mean annual temperature varies between 0ºC and 10ºC. Precipitation is between 300mm and 1000mm anually, mainly in summer. Page 5

6 Polar climate: Temperatures are very low, not exceeding 0ºC except in some places in summer. The mean annual temperature is bellow 0ºC. Precipitation is very rare, less than 250mm anually, usually snow. Alpine climate: Temperatures fall with the altitude. Winters are cold and summers cool. Precipitation increases with the altitude. Seasonal distribution depends on the region were the mountain are locate. Page 6

7 The hottest climate. The hottest climate is the equatorial climate. And why not is the desert climate? Because though the desert climate is very hot, at nigh, the temperatures are very low. The coldest climate. He coldest climate is the polar climate. Because its temperatures are below than 0ºC. The wettest climate. The wettest or more humid climate is the equatorial climate. In this climate is very very rainy and, thanks to the rain, also very green (with a lot of plants, trees...). The driest climate. The driest or not humid climate is the desert climate. Because rain less than 250mm annually. That is very little water! The climate found at higher altitudes. The climate found at higher altitudes is the alpine climate. This climate only found in mountains. What climate has the highest temperature difference in summer and winter? The continental climate. This climate isn't near to the sea or ocean, causing that diference of temperatures in summer and winter. The continental climate has got a very cold winter and very hot summer. What climate has got a warm temperatures (warm winter and cool summer)? The maritime climate, thanks to the sea. The sea warms the land in winter and cools the land in summer. What are differences in mediterranean and maritime climate? In maritime climate the temperatures are more cool than the mediterranean climate because the Mediterranean Sea is most easy of heats that the oceans because is most small. Other diference is that the mediterrean climate is most dry than the maritime climate. Why in the continental climate rain a lot in summer? Because in summer the sun heats the land and produces transpiration (from ground) and evotranspiration (from plants and trees). This air rises and cools formed clouds. This cloud produce precipitation provocate the humid season. Page 7

8 Climograms: A graph that shows the climate of a specific region, by showing average data of temperature, precipitation, etc. on a month-by-month basis. The temperature represented with a red line and precipitation with some blue colums. You has got examples of climograms in the pages 4, 5, 6. Page 8