Biol 210 Exam 2b Spring 2012

Transcription

1 Biol 210 Exam 2b Spring 2012 Matching Match the biome or aquatic system listed below with the description that best characterizes it. a. euphotic zone d. tropical grassland b. coral reef e. cold forest c. lake f. temperate desert 1. supports large grazing and browsing animals in East Africa 2. contains widely spaced, drought-resistant plants 3. benthic zone is closest to the bottom 4. daytime temperatures are very high in summer, but low in winter 5. upper layer where large, fast-swimming predatory fishes are found 6. phytoplankton carry out about 40% of the world s photosynthesis here Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 7. Succulent plants are most likely to be found in a. cold ecosystems b. coastal ecosystems c. high elevations d. aquatic habitats e. deserts 8. Tropical rain forests cover about 2% of the Earth s land surface, and a. contain up to one-half of the Earth s total biodiversity b. contain no more than one-fourth of the Earth s total biodiversity c. contain less than 10% of the Earth s total biodiversity d. contain about 2% of the Earth s total biodiversity e. scientists currently do not know how much of the Earth s total biodiversity is contained in tropical rainforests, although they suspect it is very high 9. Saltwater or marine life zones include a. oceans and estuaries b. oceans, estuaries and coral reefs c. oceans d. estuaries e. coral reefs 10. Surface-level ocean currents are caused by a. strong winds coming from warm coastal areas and traveling across the ocean surface b. warm ocean water exchanging with cool ocean water c. prevailing winds blowing over the ocean surface d. dense ocean water sinking e. cool ocean water rising

2 11. Deserts, tropical forests, prairie grasslands, and coniferous forests are all examples of a. ecosystems with low genetic biodiversity b. populations c. different species d. biomes e. ecosystems with the highest biodiversity 12. In typical, fairly deep, temperate zone lakes, the vast majority of animals are found in the a. limnetic and littoral zones b. benthic zone c. profundal and benthic zones d. littoral zone only e. limnetic zone only 13. The coastal zone has of all marine species and of its surface area. a. 95%, 5% b. 90%, 10% c. 90%, 25% d. 80%, 25% e. 80%, 10% 14. Most photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in the a. benthic zone b. coastal zone c. abyssal zone d. euphotic zone e. bathyal zone 15. In tropical rainforests, vegetation layers are structured according to a. the plant s needs for sunlight b. tropical rainforests are not layered c. how well each plant handles predation by herbivores d. how deep the rainfall penetrates into the forest e. nutrient availability and uptake by plant roots 16. Humans have affected grasslands by a. introduction of livestock, oil exploration and plowing and conversion to croplands b. plowing and conversion to croplands c. introduction of livestock and plowing and conversion to croplands d. oil exploration e. the introduction of livestock 17. The majority of photosynthesis in a lake takes place in the a. littoral zone b. benthic zone c. phototropic zone d. limnetic zone e. profundal zone

3 18. A lake that is described as oligotrophic is typically a. low in primary productivity b. low in plant nutrients c. both low in primary productivity and low in plant nutrients d. both low in primary productivity and high in plant nutrients e. high in plant nutrients 19. Inland wetlands include all of the following except a. marshes b. estuaries c. wet Arctic tundra d. swamps e. prairie potholds 20. Approximately how long has there been life on planet Earth? a. 3.5 million years b. 350 million years c. 35 million years d. 3.5 billion years e. 35 billion years 21. Large terrestrial regions with similar climate, soil, plants, and animals are called a. communities b. biomes c. ecosystems d. populations e. niches 22. Lakes that fall between the two extremes of nutrient enrichment are called a. mesotrophic b. oligotrophic c. metatrophic d. trophic e. eutrophic 23. Temperate forests typically have a. cool summers, cold winters, low precipitation b. cool summers, rainy winters c. warm summers, warm winters and abundant precipitation d. warm summers, cold winters and abundant precipitation e. warm summers, cold winters, low precipitation 24. A tropical grassland with widely scattered clumps of trees would be called a a. taiga b. savanna c. steppes d. pampas e. veldt

4 25. Worldwide, coral reefs provide habitat for about 25% of all marine organisms. However, coral reefs occupy about of the ocean floor. a. 10% b. 15% c. 25% d. 5% e. 0.2% 26. The distribution of the desert, grassland, and forest biomes is determined principally by a. average annual precipitation and temperature b. average annual temperature only c. sunlight d. latitude e. wind 27. Phytoplankton in the ocean a. provide much of the planet s oxygen and remove much of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere b. provide much of the planet s carbon dioxide c. remove much of the planet s oxygen d. remove much of the planet s carbon dioxide from the atmosphere e. provide much of the planet s oxygen 28. The fragility of the desert ecosystem is indicated by a. abundant groundwater b. long recovery time from disturbance c. moderate species diversity d. the high growth rate of plants e. all of these except the high growth rate of plants 29. Fish adapted to cool, dark water are most likely found in the zone of lakes called the a. profundal zone b. benthic zone c. limnetic zone d. littoral zone e. abyssal zone 30. When the algae in coral reefs die off due to environmental stresses, the coral subsequently dies because of lack of food. This process is referred to as a. coral bleaching b. parasitism c. algal blooming d. coral acidification e. erosion 31. In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the a. limnetic zone b. profundal zone c. abyssal zone d. benthic zone e. littoral zone

5 32. All of the following affect the climate of the earth except: a. the earth's gravity b. solar radiation c. the earth's rotation d. gases in the atmosphere e. the earth's surface features 33. Trees of wet tropical rain forests tend to be a. broadleaf deciduous plants b. succulent plants c. coniferous deciduous plants d. coniferous evergreen plants e. broadleaf evergreen plants 34. Much of this biome has disappeared from Earth because it has been converted to grazing lands for cattle and croplands. a. tropical grassland b. temperate forest c. temperate grassland d. cold desert e. cold grassland 35. Which of the following terms does not belong with the others? a. prairie potholes b. marshes c. streams d. swamps e. floodplains 36. An explanation for why polar regions are colder than equatorial regions is that: a. The sun never reaches these areas because of the tilt of Earth on its axis. b. The earth is spinning slower and the precipitation is more intense at the poles. c. Sunlight is more intense at the poles. d. Sunlight strikes the polar regions at an angle and spreads out over a much larger area. e. Earth is spinning slower at the poles. 37. Biomes are a. all the biological portions of the planet b. large aquatic regions of the earth with distinct climate and certain species adapted to them c. groups of populations living in harmony in a given ecosystem d. types of forests that are extensive and widespread on a continent e. large terrestrial regions of the earth with distinct climate and certain species adapted to them 38. A rain shadow is most likely to be produced by a a. lake b. forest c. ocean d. sand dune e. mountain

6 39. Climate a. describes weather conditions over long periods of time. b. both describes weather conditions over short periods of time, and describes average patterns of weather c. describes weather conditions over short periods of time. d. describes average patterns of weather. e. both describes weather conditions over long periods of time, and describes average patterns of weather 40. Climate and vegetation vary with a. elevation only b. latitude only c. elevation and longitude d. latitude and longitude e. latitude and elevation 41. The portion of the planet that is responsible for the vast majority of the Earth's annual biomass production is/are a. open oceans b. lakes and streams c. estuaries d. swamps and marshes e. temperate forests 42. Through your binoculars you observe a pack of wolves stalking a caribou separated from its herd. Geese take to the air, departing the boggy scene. You are most likely in a. temperate grassland b. savanna c. Arctic tundra d. desert e. topical grassland 43. Mountain biomes a. have deep, rich soils b. may act as sanctuaries for animal species driven from lowland areas c. have little biodiversity d. do not affect climate e. recover quickly from vegetation loss 44. The darkest zone of the sea is the a. bathyal zone b. coastal zone c. euphotic zone d. abyssal zone e. benthic zone 45. Which of the following is not appropriate to use in describing a tropical rain forest? a. high nutrient content of soil b. diversity c. rainfall d. layered e. moist conditions

7 46. Which of the following ecosystems has the highest net primary productivity? a. agricultural land b. swamps and marshes c. lakes and streams d. temperate forest e. open ocean 47. The aquatic ecosystems with the highest average net primary productivity are a. artic ice shelf b. rivers c. oceans d. lakes e. estuaries 48. The term greenhouse effect describes a. the trapping of heat energy in the stratosphere by nitrogen b. the trapping of heat energy in the troposphere by nitrogen c. efforts by the White House to support environmental legislation d. occupational diseases of florists e. the trapping of heat energy in the troposphere by certain gaseous molecules 49. Vertical ocean currents are generated by a. cold and dense ocean water rising and warm and less-dense water sinking b. cold and dense ocean water sinking and warm and less-dense water rising c. less dense water rising and cold but dense water sinking d. warm and dense ocean water sinking and cold and less-dense water rising e. None of these answers are correct because there are no vertical ocean currents. 50. The rain shadow effect refers to a. more light on the leeward side of mountain ranges b. drier conditions on the leeward side of mountain ranges c. wetter conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges d. more light on the windward side of mountain ranges e. drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges 51. There are separate belts of moving air, or prevailing winds. a. two b. six c. eight d. four e. ten 52. The zone of the ocean with a very high net primary productivity (NPP) is the a. bathyal zone b. benthic zone c. coastal zone d. abyssal zone e. euphotic zone

8 53. A forest that is known for its year-round uniformly warm temperature is the: a. temperate deciduous forest b. tropical rainforest c. taiga d. boreal forest e. subalpine forest 54. Permafrost is characteristic of the biome. a. taiga b. Arctic tundra c. thorn woodland d. deciduous forest e. tropical savanna 55. Estuaries and coastal wetlands are important for all of the following reasons except a. providing coral for limestone production and the tourist trade b. high productivity c. filtering out waterborne pollutants d. reduction of storm damage e. nursery grounds for a variety of marine species 56. The primary influence on variation in climate is a. average annual precipitation and temperature b. humidity and elevation c. elevation and slope angle d. temperature and slope angle e. slope angle 57. Saltwater in the ocean covers a. 97% of the biosphere b. 97% of the earth s surface c. 71% of the earth s surface d. 98% of the earth s surface e. 50% of the earth s surface 58) What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin? A) The Earth is millions of years old and populations gradually change. B) The Earth is less than 6,000 years old and populations gradually change. C) The Earth is millions of years old and populations rapidly change. D) The Earth is less than 6,000 years old and populations are unchanging. E) The Earth is millions of years old and populations are unchanging. 59) Current debate about the number and boundaries of the kingdoms of life center mainly on what groups? a) Plants and animals b) Plants and fungi c) Prokaryotes and protists d) Fungi and animals e) Eukaryotes and protists

9 60) Which of the following tended to undermine the creationist viewpoint commonly held in the early 1800's? a) Extinction b) Homologous structures c) Vestigial structures d) The existence of fossils e) All of the above 61) If life on earth was placed on a 24 hour scale how long have humans been around? a) 20 hours b) 2 hours c) 2 minutes d) 2 seconds e) 12 hours 62) Most of the organisms of which group are photosynthetic? a) Animalia b) Protists c) Domain Archaea d) Plantae e) Fungi 63) Which of the following is in the correct order from most inclusive to least inclusive (most specific)? a) Phylum, class, order, species, genus, kingdom, family b) Kingdom, family, order, class, phylum, genus, species c) Phylum, family, class, order, kingdom, genus, species d) Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species e) Genus, species, class, order, family, phylum, kingdom 64) Uniformitarianism refers to the fact that. a) Fossils in an area are similar to the species found in that area b) Fossils of organisms get simpler as you go into deeper geological strata c) Changes in organisms over time are uniform d) Geological process taking place now are similar to those of the past e) None of the above 65) All of the following threaten the survival of coral reefs except a. runoff of toxic pesticides and industrial chemicals. b. eroded soil from deforestation and poor land management. c. depletion of stratospheric ozone. d. predation by sharks.

10 66) Oceans a. play a major role in controlling climate by distributing solar heat. b. function to dilute and disperse human wastes. c. participate in biogeochemical cycles. d. all of these answers. 67) Which of the following illustrations does not match the accompanying ecological concept. a. Coral reefs have high biodiversity. b. Estuaries have high productivity. c. Dissolved oxygen is a primary limiting factor in the upper layer of a stratified lake. d. The open ocean is the least productive of aquatic life zones. 68) During the past 200 years, about of the area of estuaries and coastal wetlands in the United States has been destroyed or damaged. a. one-quarter b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds 69) All of the following organisms would be considered part of the benthos except a. cod. b. lobster. c. oysters. d. sand worms. 70) Cities established on barrier islands are subject to a. beach erosion. b. hurricanes. c. flooding. d. all of these answers. 71) In addition to northern latitudes, patches of tundralike plant communities are also found! A.!in cold deserts. B.!in marshes. C.!in bogs. D.!on mountain tops. 72) What is the term used to describe a shallow, partially enclosed area where freshwater enters the ocean?! A.!coral reef B.!abyssal ecosystem C.!mangrove swamp D.!estuary 73) Plants in this biome have features to survive long drought even though rainfall totals can be as high as 250 cm in a given month:! A.!savanna

11 B.!tundra C.!desert D.!tropical dry forest 74) Which classical area of study made it impossible for many scientists in the 1830s to reconcile their creationist viewpoints with the data they were discovering in the real world? a) Anatomy b) Geology c) Philosophy d) Latin e) None of the above 75) The physical conditions under which a species can survive is called its... a) Range of tolerance b) Tolerance limit c) Limiting factor d) Ecology e) Optimum level