Muscle Functions. Movement Protection Posture and Support Heat

Transcription

1 Muscular System

2 Muscle Functions Movement Protection Posture and Support Heat

3 Muscle Over 600 muscles % of total body weight 215 pairs of muscles Aggregate muscle action

4 Muscle Nomenclature Appearance Location Function

5 Muscle Nomenclature Shape Deltoid rhomboid

6 Muscle Nomenclature Size Gluteus Maximus Teres Minor

7 Muscle Nomenclature Number of Divisions Biceps Brachii

8 Muscle Nomenclature Direction of fibers External Oblique

9 Muscle Nomenclature Location Rectus femoris Palmaris longus

10 Muscle Nomenclature Points of Attachement Coracobrachialis Flexor Digitorum Longus

11 Muscle Nomenclature Action Erector spinae

12 Muscle Nomenclature Action and Shape Pronator quadratus Action and Size Adductor magnus Shape and Location Serratus anterior

13 Muscle Nomenclature Location and Attachment Brachioradioalis Location and Number of Divisions Biceps femoris

14 Muscle Nomenclature Groups of muscles Shape hamstrings Number of Divisions quadriceps triceps

15 Muscle Nomenclature Groups of muscles Location peroneals abdominal shoulder girdle Action hip flexors rotator cuff

16 Myofilaments Actin thin proteins Myosin thick proteins

17 Myofilaments Sarcomere Contractile unit of a muscle fiber

18 What fiber joins muscles to bones? Tendons

19 Flexibility Strength Muscle-tendon Functions Muscular power Joints ROM Muscular endurance Maximum force on a unit Rate of muscular force applied to move a load Ability of a muscle to exert a force repeatedly or constantly Muscle fatigue, soreness, pain build-up of lactic acid in the muscles

20 Fibers and Shape Determine a muscle s ability to exert force Cross section diameter Greater = greater Determine range through which it can exert force onto the bone it is attached Ability to shorten Longer muscles shorten through a greater range = more effective moving joints through large ranges of motion

21 Classification by Fiber Arrangement Parallel run longitudinally or somewhat parallel with the muscle s long axis Pennate (feather-like) tendons run down the muscle s long axis, and fibers run obliquely to the tendon

22 Parallel Structures Fibers are longer Run parallel to the length of the muscle Pull bones through a greater ROM

23 Flat Thin and broad Fusiform Parallel Structures Rectus abdominus External oblique Spindle shaped with a central belly that tapers to tendons on the ends Strap Brachialis Brachioradialis More uniform Sartorius

24 Parallel Structures Radiate (triangular or fan-shaped) Combo of flat and fusiform Pectoralis major Trapezius Sphincter (circular) Endless strap around openings Orbicularis oris Orbicularis oculi

25 Pennate Structures Shorter fibers run oblique to tendons Gearter cross section = greater force Most muscles in the body To provide more force than fusiform, but less ROM Example: sit-ups

26 Pennate Structures Types Unipennate... Biceps femoris Bipennate... Rectus femoris Multipennate... Deltoid

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28 Scavenge the room. Class Activity Find something that would be considered fusiform. Find something that would be considered pennate

29 Class Activity Classify the following items as: fusiform unipennate bipennate multipennate

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37 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Properties Irritability or Excitability Conductivity Contractility Distensibility or Extensibility Elasticity responds to nervous stimuli wave of excitement pulling ends together stretched recoil from a stretch

38 Reciprocal Inhibition or Innervation Agonists muscles that cause or help cause motion Antagonists perform opposite to the movement being done Example: hip flexors & hip extensors

39 Synergistic Muscles same function, work together

40 Powerpoint Presentations Utilize the following website to chose 5 muscles (the may be random or close together): For each of the muscles use the internet or other resources to find the following: 1. Identify a movement (ex. flexing the upper arm) 2. State the muscle that is the agonist for the movement 3. State if there are any synergists acting in conjunction with the agonist for this action 4. State the antagonist of the agonist for the movement 5. For the agonist only state the muscle fiber arrangement type ( Ex. fusiform, unipennate, bipennate, or multipennate)

41 For the remaining points, chose 1 of the 5 only to provide the following: 6. Construct or draw (paint) a figure showing the muscle fiber arrangement as well as it correct anatomical position. 7. Provide a table that distinguishes the muscle properties for the muscle in #6 by a picture-graph. You may cut the table and create a slide for each property and picture-graph if desired. ( Ex. contractibility ) 8. Find or create a video showing the same muscle ( in #6) at work (contracting/extending)