Chapter rad/s 2

Transcription

1 Chapter 8 pages The rotational velocity of a merry-goround is increased at a constant rate from 1.5 rad/s to 3.5 rad/s in a time of 9.5 s. What is the rotational acceleration of the merry-go-round? t 0.1 rad/s (3.5 rad/s) (1.5 rad/s) 9.5 s. A record player s needle is 6.5 cm from the center of a 45-rpm record. What is the velocity of the needle? First convert rpm to rad/s. 45 rev rad 1 min 4.71 rad/s 1 min 1 rev 60 s 1 m v r (6.5 cm)(4.71 rad/s) 100 cm 0.31 m/s 3. Suppose a baseball rolls 3. m across the floor. If the ball s angular displacement is 8 rad, what is the circumference of the ball? d r d r 3. m m 8 rad c r (0.039 m) 0.5 m 4. A painter uses a 5.8-cm long screwdriver to pry the lid off of a can of paint. If a force of 85 N is applied to move the screwdriver 60.0 from the perpendicular, calculate the torque. Fr sin (85 N)(0.58 m)(sin 60.0 ) 19 Nm 5. A force of 5 N is applied vertically at the end of a wrench handle that is 45 cm long to tighten a bolt in the clockwise direction. What torque is needed by the bolt to keep the wrench from turning? In order to keep the wrench from turning, the torque on the bolt must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction of the torque applied by the wrench. Fr sin (5 N)(0.45 m)(sin 90.0 ) 11 Nm counterclockwise 6. A 9-kg man uses a 3.05-m board to attempt to move a boulder, as shown in the diagram below. He pulls the end of the board with a force equal to his weight and is able to move it to 45 from the perpendicular. Calculate the torque applied. Fr sin mgr sin (9 kg)(9.80 m/s )(3.05 m)(sin 45 ) Nm 7. If a 5-kg child tries to apply the same torque as in the previous question using only his or her weight for the applied force, what would the length of the lever arm need to be? L r sin F mg 7.8 m 8. Logan, whose mass is 18 kg, sits 1.0 m from the center of a seesaw. If Shiro must sit 0.80 m from the center to balance Logan, what is Shiro s mass? F L r L F S r S m L gr L m S gr S m S m L r L rs 45 (18 kg)(1.0 m) 0.80 m 7 kg Nm (5 kg)(9.80 m/s ) 9. Two forces 55-N clockwise and 35-N counterclockwise are applied to a merrygo-round with a diameter of 4.5 m. What is the net torque? 618 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and Problems

2 Chapter 8 continued 4.5 m 1. A merry-go-round in the park has a radius of.6 m and a moment of inertia of 1773 kgm. What is the mass of the merry-go-round? 1 I mr 35 N 55 N m I r 5.10 kg ()(1773 kgm ) (.6 m) The net torque is the sum of the individual torques. net ccw cw F ccw r sin F cw r sin (F ccw F cw )r sin 4.5 m (35 N 55 N)(sin 90.0 ) 45 Nm 45 Nm clockwise 10. A student sits on a stool holding a 5.0-kg dumbbell in each hand. He extends his arms such that each dumbbell is 0.60 m from the axis of rotation. The student s moment of inertia is 5.0 kgm. What is the moment of inertia of the student and the dumbbells? I single dumbbell mr (5.0 kg)(0.60 m) 1.8 kgm I total I single dumbbell I student ()(1.8 kgm ) 5.0 kgm 8.6 kgm 11. A basketball player spins a basketball with a radius of 15 cm on his finger. The mass of the ball is 0.75 kg. What is the moment of inertia about the basketball? I mr (0.75 kg)(0.15 m) kgm 13. The merry-go-round described in the previous problem is pushed with a constant force of 53 N. What is the angular acceleration? net I Fr sin 1 (53 N)(.6 m)(sin 90.0 ) 1773 kgm rad/s 14. What is the angular velocity of the merrygo-round described in problems 1 and 13 after 85 s, if it started from rest? t i 0 since it started from rest f t f i t (7.810 rad/s )(85 s) 6.6 rad/s 15. An ice-skater with a moment of inertia of 1.1 kgm begins to spin with her arms extended. After 5 s, she has an angular velocity of 15 rev/s. What is the net torque acting on the skater? net I I( f i ) t (1.1 kgm )(15 rev/s 0 rev/s) 55 rad rev 4.1 Nm Physics: Principles and Problems Solutions Manual 619

3 Chapter 8 continued 16. A board that is 1.5 m long is supported in two places. If the force exerted by the first support is 5 N and the forced exerted by the second is 6 N, what is the mass of the board? F net F 1 F (F g ) Since the system is in equilibrium, F net 0. 0 F 1 F F g F g F 1 F mg F 1 F F m 1 F g 8.9 kg 17. A child begins to build a house of cards by laying an 8.5-cm-long playing card with a mass of 0.75 g across two other playing cards: support card A and support card B. If support card A is.0 cm from the end and exerts a force of N, how far from the end is support card B located? Let the axis of rotation be at the point support card A comes in contact with the top card. F net F A F B (F g ) Since the system is in equilibrium, F net 0. 0 F A F B F g F B F g F A 5 N 6 N 9.80 m/s mg F A Since the axis of rotation is about support card A, A 0. so net B g The system is in equilibrium, so net 0. 0 B g B g B r B F B and g r g F g r B F B r g F g r B r g F g FB r g mg mg FA 1 (0.085 m) 0.00 m( kg)(9.80 m/s ) ( kg)(9.80 m/s ) N.810 m 8 cm 60 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and Problems

4 Chapter 8 continued 18. If support card A in the previous problem was moved so that it now is.5 cm from the end, how far from the other end does support card B need to be to reestablish equilibrium? r B r g mg mg FA 1 (0.085 m) 0.05 m( kg)(9.80 m/s ) ( kg)(9.80 m/s ) N.10 m cm Physics: Principles and Problems Solutions Manual 61

5 Chapter 9 pages A ball with an initial momentum of 6.00 kgm/s bounces off a wall and travels in the opposite direction with a momentum of 4.00 kgm/s. What is the magnitude of the impulse acting on the ball? Choose the direction away from the wall to be positive. p f 4.00 kgm/s 6.00 kgm/s Impulse p f (4.00 kgm/s) (6.00 kgm/s) 10.0 kgm/s. If the ball in the previous problem interacts with the wall for a time interval of 0. s, what is the average force exerted on the wall? Impulse Ft Impulse 10.0 kgm/s F t 45 N 0. s 3. A 4.0-kg skateboarder traveling at 1.50 m/s hits a wall and bounces off of it. If the magnitude of the impulse is kg m/s, calculate the final velocity of the skateboarder. Choose the direction away from the wall to be positive. Impulse p f mv f (mv i ) m(v f v i ) Impulse v f v m i kgm/s 1.50 m/s 4.0 kg.07 m/s 4. A 50.0-g toy car traveling with a velocity of 3.00 m/s due north collides head-on with an g fire truck traveling with a velocity of 0.50 m/s due south. The toys stick together after the collision. What are the magnitude and direction of their velocity after the collision? Choose north to be positive. p f p ci p ti p f m c v ci m t v ti (m c m t )v f v f m c v ci m t v ti mc m t (50.0 g)(3.00 m/s) (180.0 g)(0.50 m/s) 50.0 g g 0.6 m/s, due north 6 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and Problems

6 Chapter 9 continued 5. A kg bullet is fired into a 3.50-kg block of wood, which was initially at rest. The bullet remains embedded within the block of wood after the collision. The bullet and the block of wood move at a velocity of 7.40 m/s. What was the original velocity of the bullet? p f p bi p wi p f m b v bi m w v wi (m b m w )v f where v wi 0. Thus, (0.040 kg 3.50 kg)(7.40 m/s) v bi kg m/s 6. Ball A, with a mass of 0.0 kg, strikes ball B, with a mass of 0.30 kg. The initial velocity of ball A is 0.95 m/s. Ball B is initially at rest. What are the final speed and direction of ball A and B after the collision if they stick together? p f m A v Ai (m A m B )v f v f m A v Ai ma m B The second skater moves west with a velocity of 1.3 m/s. 8. Suppose a 55.0-kg ice-skater, who was initially at rest, fires a.50-kg gun. The kg bullet leaves the gun at a velocity of m/s. What is the velocity of the ice-skater after she fires the gun? p f 0 p fs p fb (m s m g )v fs m b v fb because the final mass of the skater includes the mass of the gun held by the skater. Then, m v fs b v fb ms m g (0.045 kg)(565.0 m/s) 55.0 kg.50 kg 0.44 m/s 9. A 100-kg cannon is placed at rest on an ice rink. A 95.0-kg cannonball is shot from the cannon. If the cannon recoils at a speed of 6.80 m/s, what is the speed of the cannonball? p f (0.0 kg)(0.95 m/s) 0.0 kg 0.30 kg 0.38 m/s in the same direction as ball A s initial velocity 7. An ice-skater with a mass of 75.0 kg pushes off against a second skater with a mass of 4.0 kg. Both skaters are initially at rest. After the push, the larger skater moves off with a speed of 0.75 m/s eastward. What is the velocity (magnitude and direction) of the smaller skater after the push? p f m 1 v f1 m v f v f m 1 v f1 m (75.0 kg)(0.75 m/s) 4.0 kg 1.3 m/s Since the cannon and cannonball are at rest before the blast, 0.00 kgm/s. So p fc p fb m c v fc m b v fb v fb m c v fc mb (100 kg)(6.80 m/s) 95.0 kg 86 m/s 10. An 8-kg receiver, moving 0.75 m/s north, is tackled by a kg defensive lineman moving 0.15 m/s east. The football players hit the ground together. Calculate their final velocity (magnitude and direction). p ri m r v ri, y (8 kg)(0.75 m/s) 6 kgm/s north p di m d v di, x (110.0 kg)(0.15 m/s) 16 kgm/s, east Physics: Principles and Problems Solutions Manual 63

7 Chapter 9 continued Law of conservation of momentum states p f p f, x, x 16 kgm/s p f, y, y 6 kgm/s p f (p f, x p f, y ) 1 ((16 kgm/s) (6 kgm/s) ) 1 64 kgm/s p 64 kgm/s v f f mr m d 8 kg kg 0.33 m/s tan 1 p f, y tan 1 m r v ri, y m d v di, x tan 1 (8 kg)(0.75 m/s) (110.0 kg)(0.15 m/s) 75 pf, x 11. A 985-kg car traveling south at 9.0 m/s hits a truck traveling 18.0 m/s west, as shown in the figure below. After the collision, the vehicles stick together and travel with a final momentum of kgm/s at an angle of 45. What is the mass of the truck? p f p fx p fy p f x y p f m c v ci m t v ti p m t f m c v ci vti 1 ( kgm/s) (985 kg) (9.0 m/s) (18.0 m/s) kg p kgm/s m/s 18.0 m/s 64 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and Problems

8 Chapter 9 continued 1. A 77.0-kg woman is walking 0.10 m/s east in the gym. A man throws a 15.0-kg ball south and accidentally hits the woman. The woman and the ball move together with a velocity of m/s. Calculate the direction the woman and the ball move. cos 1 p fx cos 1 cos 1 m w v iw (mw m b )v f cos 1 pf p ix pf degrees south of east (77.0 kg)(0.10 m/s) (77.0 kg 15.0 kg)(0.085 m/s) Physics: Principles and Problems Solutions Manual 65