Danmark satser på konvertering og lagring

Transcription

1 Danmark satser på konvertering og lagring Søren Linderoth Institutdirektør, professor Institut for Energikonvertering og lagring DTU Energikonvertering

2 From 20 % to 50 % Wind power Wind power Demand Wind power Demand DK West January 2008 Demand and Wind power January ,000 MW Effective wind and solar power integration needs: Robust Transmission grid with strong interconnectors Coherent energy system with high flexibility Intelligent control using Smart Grids applications Efficient and sustainable conversion and storage of energy

3 Interplay between infrastructures of gas, electricity and heat

4 Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) High-temperature PEM fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) Electrolysis (AEC, HT-PEMEC, SOEC) Polymer solar cells Batteries Synthetic fuels and H 2 storage Membranes for oxygen and hydrogen separation Magnetic refrigeration Thermoelectric components Flue gas purification using electrochemical cells Superconducting components FCH Test Center

5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Direct conversion of chemically bound energy in a fuel to electricity High efficiency Fuel flexibility (natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, ethanol, biofuels, diesel) Low emissions Consists of thin layers of ceramics and possibly metal

6 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Research Improved materials New cell designs Improved manufacturing processes Improved durability Long term tests

7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Pre-pilot facility at DTU Energy Conversion Screen printing Tapecasting Capacity of 10,000s of units per year Spray robot

8 # 12x12 cm 2 cells produced - column # 12x12 cm 2 cells produced - column Success rate for 12x12 (%) - line Success rate for 12x12 (%) - line DTU transfer of SOFC Technology to TOFC Transfer of technology to TOFC History from 2002 to Year Year

9 3G Cell manufacture 3G cells can now survive thermal cycling 3G performance above ASC (2.5G). MIEC CGO ScYSZ Cermet - Infiltrate FeCr MIEC CGO ScYSZ STN/cermet infiltrate FeCr

10 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Market-entry applications Distributed generation for, e.g, ships or hospitals (up to 250 kw e ) Micro-CHP (1-5 kw e ) Auxiliary power units (APUs) for trucks (5-10 kw e )

11 Danish HT-PEMFC value chain DTU Physics DTU Energy Conversion U. Southern Denmark Danish Power Systems Aalborg University Danish Technological Institute Serenergy SP Group IRD Dantherm Power

12 HT-PEMFC HT-FUMA High Technology Fuel Cell Manufacturing DTU Energy Conversion (PRO, FOM) Danish Power Systems SP Group Serenergy Objective: Construction of flexible production line for MEAs Assets: Quality improvements, cost reductions and production volume Role of DTU Energy Conversion: PRO: Materials development/characterization, In-line QC FOM: Roll-to-roll process membrane film, functional organic materials J.O. Jensen, HT-PEMFC, April 2012

13 Electrolysis (AEC, PEMEC, SOEC) Use electricity to generate hydrogen (or hydrogen + CO = synthesis gas) Storage of surplus electricity from solar cells or wind turbines Manufacture of synthetic transport fuels

14 Vision on Synfuel Surplus electricity Synthetic fuels NG, DME, Methanol 850 C + - Nickel 400 C Natural gas grid

15 Electrolysis, Comparison of technologies Type Maturity Current density Other Advantages AEC Proven LT-PEM H 2 at pressure SOEC CO 2 /H 2 O electrolysis HT-PEM HT heat Documented lifetime 1/Price SOEC: Cheap materials, No noble metals, Low volume Winner :???? Determined by price per Nm 3 /hr over lifetime at right scale and time 15

16 Current density [A x cm -2 ] 2. Generation Alkaline Electrolysis (AEC) Immobilization of an electrolyte in a porous structure Preparation of porous solid structures Gas diffusion electrodes Water electrolysis under temperatures up to 250 C and pressure up to 42 bar (limited by the test-setup) Patent filed η el =100% η el =85% Applied cell voltage [V] Cyclic sweep voltammogram for an alkaline cell with immobilized KOH solution and gas diffusion electrode at 241 C and 37,7 bar (full line) and 39 bar and 237 C (dashed line), sweep rate 5 mv/s

17 FCH Test Center FCH Test Center supports industry with testing, training, and consultancy regarding fuel cells and hydrogen. Technologies dealt with are: SOFC, PEM, electrolysis, batteries and eventually solar cells. The center was initiated in 2010 together with DGC Costumers from Denmark and USA Negotiations with companies from Germany Nordic test center cooperation network established

18 FCH Test Center On-going projects FCH Test Center (Phase 1) (EUDP) Market introduction, marketing, advisory Board, networking, preparation of standardization, preparation of phase 2 Coordination of Danish Electrolysis Projects (EUDP) H2Ocean (EU, FP7): Renewable ocean platform with wind, wave energy and hydrogen generation (electrolysis) ene.field (EU, JTI): Demonstration of nearly 1000 µ-chps in Europe. Expected start: June 2012 STACK-TEST (EU, JTI): Harmonizing PEMFC stack test for industry. Expected start: Summer 2012

19 Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support from our sponsors: Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S Danish Energy Authority Energinet.dk EU Framework Programmes Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation Danish Research Councils DONG Energy