Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant. M. Henke, C. Willich, M. Steilen, J. Kallo, K. A. Friedrich
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1 Chart 1 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant M. Henke, C. Willich, M. Steilen, J. Kallo, K. A. Friedrich
2 Chart 2 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Motivation: Hybrid Power Plant - Combination of SOFC and gas turbine - High electrical efficiency of % (LHV) - SOFC pressure determined by gas turbine - Aim to build and operate a system with an electrical power output of about 30 kw Combustion Chamber SOFC System Fuel Generator Air Compressor Turbine Recuperator
3 Chart 3 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Hybrid Power Plant: Efficiency -SOFC el = 50 kw / 100 kw = 50% - Gas turbine el = 10 kw / 50 kw = 20% - Overall system el = 60 kw / 100 kw = 60% 50 kw thermal 50 kw electrical SOFC System 100 kw chemical 10 kw electrical
4 Chart 4 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Operating Strategy of Hybrid Power Plant Aim: - High electrical efficiency over wide power range - Simple system layout Operating Strategy: - System control similar to gas turbine control - Variable turbine speed - Variable SOFC temperature and electrical power output Scientific Approach: - Matching of SOFC and gas turbine - Sensitivity analysis - Performance analysis
5 Chart 5 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Schematic of Hybrid Power Plant Model Gas recirculation Thermal insulation Natural gas Steam reformer SOFC Pressure vessel Heat exchanger Combustion chamber Pressure losses Generator Compressor Turbine Recuperator
6 Chart 6 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 SOFC Model Validation Voltage / V Current density / A cm Cell temperature / K Experimental validation of detailed stack model - Electrochemistry - Temperature distribution Pressure variation: 8 bar 4 bar 1.35 bar
7 Chart 7 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Sensitivity Analysis Reference conditions: stacks with 60 cells each kw electrical SOFC power (DC) - 75% anode gas recirculation - 40% efficiency of cathode heat exchanger - 10 kw losses of thermal energy from pressure vessel mbar pressure loss of SOFC system rpm turbine speed m stack insulation thickness Separate variation of each parameter within realistic limits Analyzed data: - SOFC voltage - SOFC temperature - Electrical efficiency
8 Chart 8 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Cell Voltage k 67k - Cell voltage is important parameter concerning degradation (> 0.7 V) - Strongest influence of heat transfer and stack insulation (temperature effect) - Only very small overall changes Cell voltage / V El. SOFC power / kw Stack count Recirculation rate / % Heat transfer / % Thermal losses / kw Stack insulation / m Pressure loss / mbar Turbine speed / rpm
9 Chart 9 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Cell Temperature 1100 Temperature / K El. SOFC power / kw Stack count Recirculation rate / % Heat transfer / % 0 20 Thermal losses / kw Stack insulation / m Pressure loss / mbar 63k 67k Turbine speed / rpm - Desired temperature of K - Electrical SOFC power influences thermal power output - Temperature limits SOFC power - Increased losses of thermal energy with increasing stack number due to increased surface - Turbine speed influences cooling via air mass flow
10 Chart 10 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 System Efficiency k 67k - Power ratio SOFC:GT is key parameter for high efficiency - Non-linear influence of stack insulation - Thermal losses of pressure vessel can be compensated El. efficiency HHV / % El. SOFC power / kw Stack count Recirculation rate / % Heat transfer / % Thermal losses / kw Stack insulation / m Pressure loss / mbar Turbine speed / rpm
11 Chart 11 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Power Range of Hybrid Power Plant El. efficiency HHV / % rpm rpm rpm rpm T max T min SOFC Temperature / K - Fixed system components - Variable turbine speed - Variable SOFC electrical power - Large power range from 200 kw to 700 kw - Very high electrical efficiency of 60% from 300 kw to 700 kw 52 Efficiency Electrical power / kw SOFC Temperature
12 Chart 12 > SOFC XIII > Moritz Henke > October 7, 2013 Conclusions - Operating strategy offers high electrical efficiency over large power range - Power ratio of SOFC:GT is crucial parameter for high efficiency - Optimized thermal insulation can improve efficiency - SOFC temperature limits operating range of power plant Acknowledgements - German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) & EnBW (FKZ 03ET2018)
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