Study Packet Answer Key. Thirteen Original Colonies

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1 Study Packet Answer Key Thirteen Original Colonies Key to Colonial Regions Virginia S; Massachusetts NE; Maryland S; Connecticut NE; Rhode Island NE; New Hampshire NE; South Carolina S; North Carolina S; New Jersey M; New York M; Delaware M; Pennsylvania M; Georgia S; New England Region more timber, whaling and fishing, trade, & shipping and less agriculture Middle Similar to NE although colonies had more land area; farming mostly grains, livestock Southern indigo, rice, sugar cane/ Rum, & tobacco; New England rocky soil and cool climate meant that they had very little farming. Dense forests lead to shipbuilding being the number one industry. Access to the cool water of the Atlantic Ocean lead to whaling and fishing. Middle fertile soil meant most people were farmers Southern - Mostly agricultural due to large land areas and warm, wet weather resulting in long growing seasons Key to the President s Chart: Answers may include the following - Washington Whiskey Rebellion, his Farewell Address, Neutrality Proclamation; Adams Alien & Sedition Acts, XYZ Affair, Jay s Treaty, Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions; Jefferson Marbury v. Madison, Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark Expedition; Madison War of 1812, Treaty of Ghent; Monroe Monroe Doctrine, Era of Good Feelings, protective tariffs, Gibbons v. Ogden ; Jackson beginning of modern Democratic Party, Nullification Crisis, Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears ; Lincoln Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address Study your Study Prep sheet for more possible answers! Key People Matching B 1. George Washington D 2. Thomas Jefferson A 3. Thomas Paine C 4. Patrick Henry E 5. Samuel Adams A. Wrote Common Sense B. Leader of the Continental Army C. Speaker who said Give me Liberty or Give me Death D. Wrote the Declaration of Independence E. Leader of the Son s of Liberty

2 American Revolution Britain s victory in the French and Indian War marked the end of the French empire in North America. Americans saw British efforts to tax them and to increase control over the colonies as violations of their rights. Many Americans began to organize and form groups to oppose British policies; for example Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty. Crises such as the Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts led to the outbreak of fighting between Britain and the colonies, beginning in New England. After a series of Patriot defeats, an American victory at Saratoga marked a major turning point in the Revolution. After the British surrendered at Yorktown, Britain recognized the United States as an independent country under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of American Revolution short answer 1. What economic policy of Great Britain contributed to the rebellion of the colonists against British policies? Mercantilism 2. What effect did the Acts (Intolerable, Stamp, Tea, etc.) have on the colonies? Lead to protests against the taxes and increased tension in the colonies toward British rule. 3. What was the purpose of Thomas Paine s pamphlet, Common Sense? To gain colonial support for the Independence movement 4. What is the main idea of the Declaration of Independence? Government is by the consent of the governed. Government is supposed to protect your natural rights and if they do not you have the right to alter or abolish it 5. List the grievances against King George III that were listed in the Declaration of Independence. Taxation without representation Writs of assistance Quartering of soldier 6. What were the first battles of the American Revolution? Lexington and Concord 7. Why is the Battle of Saratoga called a turning point in the war? Because France officially recognized the US and became an ally of the U.S.

3 Compromise Viewpoint of North Viewpoint of South Effect / Significance 3/5 th Compromise (1787) Should not count slaves since they cannot vote / would give south more representatives Slaves should count in population count Slaves are counted as 3/5 th in the population count for number of representatives in the House of Representatives Great Compromise (1787) N/A N/A Large states wanted representation to be based on population Small states wanted representation to be equal for all states Great Compromise House of Representatives is based on population and Senate is equal (2 per state) Missouri Compromise (1820) Kept balance they thought it was fair Kept balance they thought it was fair Maine enters as a free state Missouri enters as a slave state Congress draws an imaginary line at 30 degrees 30 north latitude everything north of the line slavery is banned; everything south of the line slaver is allowed. Only applied to land from the Louisiana Purchase Compromise of 1850 Thought fugitive slave law was an outrage and outwardly ignored it California enters as a free state Slave Trade is banned in Washington D.C. Land won from Mexico will be divided into two territories (Utah and New Mexico) and the slavery issue will be decided based on popular sovereignty Texas will give up its western land claims in exchange for money Strict fugitive slave act is passed Fugitive Slave Law (1850) Thought fugitive slave law was an outrage and outwardly ignored it Saw slaves as property and a basic right to own property was guaranteed in the constitution and should be protected Runaway slaves must be returned to the South Accused runaways could not testify at the trial Judges received $10 for returning a runaway slave and $5 for setting them free Kansas Nebraska Act Hated it it repealed the Thought it was fair Divided the Unorganized territory into two (Kansas and Nebraska) and the issue of slaver would be decided

4 (1854) Missouri Compromise based on popular sovereignty Manifest Destiny 1. Oregon Territory 2. Mexican Cession 3. \America after the American Revolution 4. Texas Annexation 5. Louisiana Purchase 6. Gadsden Purchase 7. Florida Annexation Which area was won during the Mexican War? 2 Which area was purchased by Jefferson in 1803? 5 What treaty gave the U.S area #7? Adams Onis Treaty What was so important about area #6? last area added / needed to build a railroad What valuable natural resource was found in area #2? gold How was area # 4 acquired by the U.S.? annexed by the US Congress approved Interpret Primary sources 1. Washington s Farewell Address stay neutral and do not get involved in European affairs 2. Abraham Lincoln s First Inaugural Address You cannot leave the Union. 3. Mayflower Compact (Pilgrims) colony established self government

5 GOAL REFORMER IMPACT Reforms for the Mentally Ill Dorothea Dix Improved treatment of the mentally ill placing them in hospitals and treating them as patients, not criminals. Prison Reform Dorothea Dix Improved prison conditions and stopped treatment of debtors as criminals. Curb Alcohol Abuse Temperance Movement Sought to limit or end drinking Several states banned the sale of alcohol. Improve Education Horace Mann By the 1850s, most northern states set up free tax-supported elementary schools. Free Enslaved People Abolitionist movement Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, the Grimké Sisters, and Harriet Tubman Demanded that slavery be abolished in the U.S. and backed it up with courageous actions (esp. Tubman / Underground Railroad). Women s Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth, and Susan B. Anthony Seneca Falls Convention women demanded equality at work, at school, at church, and the right to vote. Both Harriets were involved in the Abolitionist Movement

6 Event Date Result/Significance Lexington and Concord 1775 Start of the American Revolution Thomas Paine writes Common Sense 1776 Convinced Americans to want independence from Britain. Before the war was about fighting for British rights now they wanted independence Declared independence from Britain Declaration of Independence 1776 Said that the government was by the consent of the governed and that if the government violated your natural rights you have the right to abolish it Battle of Saratoga 1777 Turning point battle because France recognized the US and give the US aid First constitution of the US Articles of Confederation 1781 Strong state power / weak federal power No power to tax Last battle of the Revolution Battle of Yorktown 1781 Cornwallis surrenders to Washington Treaty that ends the Revoltuion

7 Treaty of Paris 1783 Britain officially recognizes the US KEY to Constitutional Principles: 1.R; 2. F; 3. P; 4. C ; 5. L; 6. P; 7. C; 8. S; 9. C; 10. F Analyzing questions D The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution A The list on the left summarizes some limitations of the national government under the B Based on the cartoon, which of the following best explains the impact of the Monroe Doctrine? B During the early 1800s, Southern farmers opposed a high protective tariff because they D What was a major effect of the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision? A An unalienable right Historical Documents that Influenced the US Primary Source Magna Carta English Bill of Rights Mayflower Compact Influential Idea(s) 1215 limited the kings power; we got our idea of limited government from this 1689 guaranteed the rights of English citizens; we got many of our Bill of Rights Amendments from this document 1620 Pilgrims established a system of self government; we found this an important American ideal and created a democracy Declaration of Independence 1776 main author Thomas Jefferson; this declares our independence from Britain, says that all men are created equal and

8 have certain unalienable rights; governments are meant to protect those rights and if they don t then the people can abolish the government. Federalist Papers Papers written to support the ratifying of the Constitution Authors: Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison Who Am I - Federalist or Anti-Federalist? 1. AF; 2. F; 3. F; 4. AF; 5. F; 6. AF; 7. AF; 8. F; 9. F; 10.F Andrew Jackson Summary Andrew Jackson was the 7 (#) President. He was the first President from the west. He broke away for the Democratic Republican Party and formed the Democratic party which represented the _common man. Jackson was loved and hated by many. His supporters called him Old Hickory, while his opponents called him King Andrew. The Native Americans even called him Sharp Knife. He was most known for trying to strengthen his power. He didn t want the rich to get richer so he closed down the Bank of the United States. He also had a group of unofficial advisors called the Kitchen Cabinet. He was hated in the south because of his really high tariff called the Tariff of Abomination. He even passed a law called the Indian Removal Act which moved all the Cherokee to Indian Territory. What was the Corrupt Bargain? Election of 1824 Jackson won the plurality but not the majority of the electoral college and the popular vote so the vote went to the House of Representatives. Henry Clay was the Speaker and convinced people to vote for John Quincy Adams and not Jackson. After Adams was elected Clay was named Secretary of State What was the Trail of Tears? Law that forced all native Americans to move west of the Mississippi river. Trail of Tears Cherokee Inidans What state was the first to threaten to secede during the Nullification Crisis? South Carolina

9 Comparing the Ideals of Hamilton and Jefferson Issue Hamilton Jefferson Best Type of Government Strong Federal Strong State Political Party Federalists Democratic Republicans Ideal Economy Industrial Agricultural Views on the Constitution Loose interpretation of the constitution Strict interpretation of the Constitution Key to Analyzing Visuals 1. West, Westward Expansion Era; 2. South, Secession and Civil War Era; 3. North, Industrial Revolution; 4. West, Gold Discovered at Sutter s Mill in California; 5. South, Cotton Kingdom; 6. North, Civil War Era, Emancipation Proclamation; 7. North, Industrial Revolution Key to Civil War Chart NORTH/UNION (N) and SOUTH (S) Reasons for Fighting Preserve Union - N Issue of States Rights Wanted to preserve Slavery and angry over government enacting Protective Tariffs - S Advantages/ Disadvantages Factories to produce equipment; Railroads - N Lack of factories/manufactured goods such as guns; few railroads for shipping goods and soldiers; Many battles took place in the South so land, homes, cities devastated; Early in War had the best trained, experienced military leaders - S President Abraham Lincoln N/U READ YOUR TAKS REVIEW SHEET FOR MORE INFORMATION! Jefferson Davis S (Confederacy) Military Leader(s) Ulysses S. Grant - N Robert E. Lee - S List the years of the Civil War Who surrendered to Whom and WHERE (name the place where the surrender took place)? Lee to Grant at Appomattox

10 Reconstruction Summary Fill in the blanks Reconstruction was the Era which occurred after the Civil War ( ). During this time there were many disagreements between the Executive and Legislative branches of government. The first plan was proposed by Lincoln and it required _10% percent of the population of Southern states to apply for amnesty or _government pardon. This plan was replaced by the Wade-Davis Bill. This Congressional bill required majority percent of Southern state populations to pledge allegiance to the Union. After Lincoln s assassination, Andrew Johnson became the President and created a Reconstruction Act that was very week and gave power back to the southern states. In an outrage Congress called for Johnson to be impeached. Soon following Congress began a plan known as Radical Reconstruction. Under this plan, the Federal government established agencies known as the Freedman s Bureau to assist freed blacks in integrating into American society. Although this plan helped to rebuild the south economically, socially the south was still divided because of such laws known as the black codes or Jim Crow laws laws. Also in many cases, Southern states refused to ratify the 13, 14, and _15 Amendments. In order to stop blacks from voting groups such as the KKK were formed to physically prevent enfranchisement.