Genesis of the Solar System and Earth s Atmosphere

Transcription

1 Genesis of the Solar System and Earth s Atmosphere

2 Table of contents 1. Genesis of the Solar System and Earth 2. Genesis of Earth s atmosphere 3. Genesis of Earth s atmosphere composition and why 4. Composition of Earth s atmosphere 5. Pictures of Solar system and Earth

3 1. The solar system The Solar System is situated in the Milky Way consists of the Sun and the other celestial objects gravitationaly bound to it: the eight planets, their 166 known moons, three dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, and Eris and their four known moons) billions of small bodies including asteroids, Kuiper belt objects, comets, meteoroids, and interplanetary dust The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun that contains 99.86% of the systemʹs known mass and dominates it gravitationally

4 1. Genesis of the Solar system Nebular hypothesis first proposed by Immanuel Kant in 1755, and formulated by Pierre Laplace accordingly Universe was created 13,7 milliard years ago by a cosmic explosion (hydrogen, helium) Acloudof interstellar gas, dust, and ices containing several generations of material collapsed formed the nebula from which the Sun and the planets of the solar system (presolar nebula) grew This collapse may have been triggered by a nearby supernova Spinning protoplanery disc creation from nebula Pressure, densitiy and temperature increase lead to thermonuclear fusion within the protosun planet formation by accretion from the solar nebula accretion process

5 1. Earth Is the third planet from the sun and the largest of terrestrial inner planets in the solar system, in diameter and mass Earth formation from the solar nebula: 4,6 milliard years ago Earth is a glow fluid planet in the earth age Sternzeit 4,5 milliard years ago formation of Urearth in Archaikum 2 milliard years ago first bacteria Alteration of atmospheric composition

6 2. Genesis of Earth s atmosphere first second third atmosphere Helium, hydrogen Carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, no oxygen mainly nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, ozone

7 Earth s atmosphere layer of gases surrounding the planet earth Retained by earth s gravity Mixture of gases composing the atmosphere is commonly known as air The total mean mass of the atmosphere is kg with an annual range due to water vapor of 1.2 or kg depending on whether surface pressure or water vapor data are used Atmosphere protects life on earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation and reducing temperatures extremes between day and night

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9 3. Genesis of Earth s atmosphere composition (Why?!) I. First atmosphere primary helium and hydrogen Volcanoes released steam. Carbon dioxide and ammonia resulting in the II. Second atmosphere constiting of water vapor, hydrogen and no oxygen 3.3 milliard years ago: cyanobacteria were the first oxygenproducing organisms Initial conversion of the earth atmosphere from an anoxic state to an oxic state during the period milliard years ago III. composition is enforced by oceanic blue green algae and geological processes oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production by respiration and oxidation

10 4. Composition Earth s atmosphere Nitrogen (N 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Argon (Ar) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Neon (Ne) Helium (He) Methane (CH 4 ) Krypton (Kr) Hydrogen (H 2 ) Water vapor (H 2 O) 780,840 ppmv (78.084%) 209,460 ppmv (20.946%) 9,340 ppmv (0.9340%) 383 ppmv (0.0383%) ppmv ( %) 5.24 ppmv ( %) ppmv ( %) 1.14 ppmv ( %) 0.55 ppmv ( %) ~0.25%

11 5. Pictures of Sun, Earth and the Universe

12 References 1. system.de/sonnensystem/erde.htm 2. bilder fotos/ html gif ainclude=solar+system&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=utf 8&client=nasa_production&oe=UTF 8&actionType=searchIndex&numgm=5&site=nasa_collection 13.