Physics First examinations Diploma Programme. Data booklet

Transcription

1 Pysics First examinations 9 Diploma Programme Data booklet

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3 Diploma Programme Pysics Data booklet First examinations 9 International Baccalaureate Organization Buenos Aires Cardiff Geneva New York Singapore

4 Diploma Programme Pysics data booklet Publised September 7 International Baccalaureate Organization Peterson House, Maltouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales GB CF3 8GL United Kingdom Pone: Fax: Web site: ttp://www.ibo.org International Baccalaureate Organization 7 Te International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) was establised in 968 and is a non-profit, international educational foundation registered in Switzerland. Te IBO is grateful for permission to reproduce and/or translate any copyrigt material used in tis publication. Acknowledgments are included, were appropriate, and, if notified, te IBO will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at te earliest opportunity. IBO mercandise and publications in its official and working languages can be purcased troug te IB store at ttp://store.ibo.org. General ordering queries sould be directed to te sales and marketing department in Cardiff. Pone: Fax: Printed in te United Kingdom by Antony Rowe Ltd, Cippenam, Wiltsire 45a

5 Contents Fundamental constants Metric (SI) multipliers Unit conversions 3 Electrical circuit symbols 4 Equations Core and AHL 5 Equations Options SL Equations Options SL and HL 3 Equations Options HL 5

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7 Pysics data booklet Fundamental constants Quantity Symbol Approximate value Acceleration of free fall (Eart s surface) Gravitational constant Avogadro s constant Gas constant Boltzmann s constant Stefan Boltzmann constant Coulomb constant g G N A R k σ k 9.8ms 6.67 N m kg 3 6. mol 8.3J K mol.38 J K W m K N m C Permittivity of free space Permeability of free space ε 8.85 C N m 7 μ 4π T m A Speed of ligt in vacuum Planck s constant Elementary carge Electron rest mass Proton rest mass Neutron rest mass Unified atomic mass unit c e m e m p m n u 8 3. ms J s 9.6 C 9. kg.549 u.5mev c kg.776 u 938 MeV c kg.8665 u 94 MeV c 7.66 kg 93.5 MeV c 7 International Baccalaureate Organization 7

8 Pysics data booklet Metric (SI) multipliers Prefix Abbreviation Value tera giga mega kilo ecto deca deci centi milli micro nano pico femto T G M k da d c m µ n p f International Baccalaureate Organization 7

9 Pysics data booklet Unit conversions 5 ligt year (ly) 9.46 m parsec (pc) 3.6ly astronomical unit (AU).5 m 8 radian (rad) π 6 kilowatt-our (kw ) 3.6 J 5 atm. N m kpa 76 mm Hg International Baccalaureate Organization 7 3

10 Pysics data booklet Electrical circuit symbols cell battery lamp ac supply switc ammeter A voltmeter V variable resistor resistor potentiometer ligt-dependent resistor (LDR) termistor transformer eating element operational amplifier (op-amp) 4 International Baccalaureate Organization 7

11 Pysics data booklet Equations Core and AHL Note: All equations relate to te magnitude of te quantities only. Vector notation as not been used. Core AHL Topic : Pysics and pysical measurement If y a± b ten Δ y Δ a+δ b ab If y c ten Δy Δa Δb Δc + + y a b c A V A θ A H A A H V Acosθ Asinθ International Baccalaureate Organization 7 5

12 Equations Core and AHL Core AHL Topic : Mecanics u+ v s t s ut + at v u + as F ma p mv Δp F Δ t Impulse FΔ t mδ v W Fscosθ E E K K mv p m P Δ E mgδ power Fv v 4π r a r T Topic 3: Termal pysics Topic : Termal pysics F P A Q mcδ T Q ml PV nrt W PΔ V Q Δ U + W 6 International Baccalaureate Organization 7

13 Equations Core and AHL Core AHL Topic 4: Oscillations and waves Topic : Wave penomena ω π T x x sin ωt; x x cosωt v v cos ωt; v v sinω t v± ω ( x x ) EK mω ( x x ) E mω x K(max) E mω x T v f n n sinθ v sinθ v pat difference n ( ) pat difference n + v f f v± us f v± u v o f v Δ f f c θ b θ. b I I cos θ n tanφ moving source moving observer International Baccalaureate Organization 7 7

14 Equations Core and AHL Core AHL Topic 5: Electric currents Topic : Electromagnetic induction Ve Δq I Δ t V R I mv ρl R A V P VI I R R ε I R+ ( r) R R+ R R R R Φ BAcosθ ε Bvl ε ΔΦ N Δ t I V s p N I V N p p s s I rms V rms I V V V R I I P P rms rms IV max IV av Topic 6: Fields and forces Topic 9: Motion in fields mm F G r qq F k r Δ Δ V E m p Δ Δ V E q p F g m F E q V Gm r V kq q r 4 πε r qq F 4π εr F qvbsinθ F BILsinθ ΔV ΔV g E Δ r Δ x 8 International Baccalaureate Organization 7

15 Equations Core and AHL Core AHL Topic 7: Atomic and nuclear pysics E mc Topic 3: Quantum pysics and nuclear pysics E f f φ + E max f f + ev p E n K 8mL e ΔxΔp ΔEΔt N N 4π 4π e t ΔN A Δt A N N ln T e t International Baccalaureate Organization 7 9

16 Equations Core and AHL Core AHL Topic 8: Energy, power and climate cange 3 power Aρv power per unit lengt power I A A ρgv total scattered power albedo total incident power Q Cs A Δ T power σ AT power eσ AT Δ T 4 4 ( ) I I Δt in C out s International Baccalaureate Organization 7

17 Pysics data booklet Equations Options SL Option A: Sigt and wave penomena v f f v± us f v± u v o f v Δ f f c moving source moving observer θ b θ. b I I cos θ n tanφ Option B: Quantum pysics and nuclear pysics E f f φ + E max f f + ev p E n K 8mL e ΔxΔp 4π ΔEΔt 4π N N e t ΔN A Δt A N N ln T e t Option C: Digital tecnology R F G R R F G + R International Baccalaureate Organization 7

18 Equations Options SL Option D: Relativity and particle pysics γ v c Δ t γδ t L L γ ΔEΔt R E f 4π 4πmc International Baccalaureate Organization 7

19 Pysics data booklet Equations Options SL and HL Core (SL and HL) Extension (HL only) Option E: Astropysics L d σ AT max 4.9 (metres) T (kelvin) ( parsec) b L 4πd p d m M 5lg 3 ( arc-second) n L m were 3 < n< 4 Δ v c v H d Option F: Communications n sin C attenuation / db lg I I R F G R R F G + R International Baccalaureate Organization 7 3

20 Equations Options SL and HL Core (SL and HL) Extension (HL only) Option G: Electromagnetic waves + f v u P f v θi m M u θ i o M f f o e D m + f D s d sinθ x n D d n d x ( n+ ) D d dsinθ n D m f o c min ev dsinθ nt m n ( ) nt m + nt cosφ m ( m ) nt cosφ + 4 International Baccalaureate Organization 7

21 Pysics data booklet Equations Options HL Option H: Relativity γ v c Δ t γδ t E ( γ ) m c K E p c + m c 4 L L γ Δf f gδ c ux v u x uv x c E m c E γ m c Rs GM c Δ t Δt Rs r p γ mu Option I: Medical pysics I IL lg were I. W m I I I e μ x Z ρc + T T T E P B μ x ln dose equivalent absorbed dose quality factor International Baccalaureate Organization 7 5

22 Equations Options HL Option J: Particle pysics ΔEΔt R E f 4π 4πmc Ea Mc E+ ( Mc ) + ( mc ) E p 3 K kt E mc + E K 6 International Baccalaureate Organization 7