Latin Verbs: Where the Action Is
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2 Latin Verbs: Where the Action Is By Denise Moore Jan 2015
3 Grammar and structure Mood: Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative Voice: Active and Passive Tense: Present and Perfect Person: 1 st, 2 nd, 3rd Number: singular and plural Definition: meaning 4 conjugations
4 Moods Indicative - statement of fact, question, used in independent sentences John went to the store. Subjunctive wishes, commands, possibilities, used in dependent clauses. He asked whether John went to the store. Let s go to the store. Imperative command Go to the store.
5 Voice Active subject does the action of the verb John advises the servant. Passive subject receives the action of the verb The servant is advised by John.
6 Tense Present system Present Imperfect Future Perfect system Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
7 Person and number singular plural 1 st I we 2 nd you you (all) 3 rd he, she, it they personal endings o mus s tis t nt
8 Indicative Active Present system Present - I praise, do praise, am praising Imperfect - was praising Future - will praise Perfect system Perfect - praised, have praised, did praise Pluperfect - had praised Future Perfect - will have praised
9 Indicative Passive Present system Present - am praised, am being praised Imperfect - was being praised Future - will be praised Perfect system Perfect - have been praised Pluperfect - had been praised Future Perfect - will have been praised
10 Subjunctive Active Present Imperfect (that) (we) may praise (that) (we) might praise Perfect Pluperfect (whether) (I) praised (whether) (I) had praised
11 Subjunctive Passive Present Imperfect (that) (we) may be praised (that) (we) might be praised Perfect Pluperfect (whether) (we) were praised (whether) (we) had been praised
12 Latin / English Equivalents Latin English Latin English Present tense I praise (simple present) I am praising (present progressive) I do praise (emphatic - present) Perfect tense I praise (simple past) I have praised (present perfect) I did praise (emphatic) Imperfect tense I was praising (past progressive) Pluperfect tense I had praised (past perfect) Future tense I shall praise (simple future) Future Perfect tense I will have praised (future perfect)
13 Big Picture verb grid
14 Four Principal Parts Present indicative active Present infinitive active Perfect Indicative active Perfect Participle passive (1 st pp) (2 nd pp) (3 rd pp) (4 th pp) 1 st laudō laudāre laudāvī laudātus (I praise) (to praise) (I praised) (having been praised) 2 nd moneō monēre monuī monitus (to warn) 3 rd mittō mittere mīsī missus (to send) 4 th audiō audīre audīvī audītus (to hear) *signature vowel indicates the conjugation 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, or 4th
15 Drop (the re ) and add (pe) Present indicative active Present infinitive active Perfect Indicative Active Perfect Participle Passive (1 st pp) (2 nd pp) (3 rd pp) (4 th pp) laudō laudāre laudāvī laudātus Present system Perfect system Present tense stem + o,s,t,mus,tis,nt Imperfect tense stem + ba + m,s,t,mus,tis nt Future tense stem + bi + o,s,t,mus,tis,nt Perfect tense stem + i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt Pluperfect tense stem + imperfect of sum esse Future Perfect tense stem + future tense of sum esse
16 Present System Present indicative active Present infinitive active Perfect Indicative Active Perfect Participle Passive (1 st pp) (2 nd pp) (3 rd pp) (4 th pp) laudō laudāre laudāvī laudātus Present system Perfect system Present tense stem + o, s, t, mus, tis, nt Imperfect tense stem + ba + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt Future tense stem + bi + o, s, t, mus, tis, nt laudāmus laudābamus laudābimus
17 Present System Present tense Imperfect tense singular plural singular plural 1 st laudō laudāmus laudābam laudābāmus 2 nd laudās laudātis laudābās laudābātis 3 rd laudat laudant laudābat laudābant Future tense laudābō laudābimus laudābis laudābitis laudābit laudābunt
18 Four Principal Parts Present indicative active Present infinitive active Perfect Indicative Active Perfect Participle Passive (1 st pp) (2 nd pp) (3 rd pp) (4 th pp) laudō laudāre laudāvī laudātus Present system Perfect system Perfect tense stem + i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt Imperfect tense stem +eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant Future tense stem + ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint laudavimus laudaveramus laudaverimus
19 *Sum, esse, fuī, futūrus to be Present tense Imperfect tense sum sumus eram erāmus es estis erās erātis est sunt erat erant Future tense erō erimus eris eritis erit erunt *used in many compound verb structures
20 Perfect System Perfect tense Pluperfect tense singular plural singular plural 1 st laudāvī laudavimus laudāveram laudāverāmus 2 nd laudāvistī laudāvistis laudāverās laudāverātis 3 rd laudāvit laudāvērunt laudāverat laudāverant Future perfect tense laudāverō laudāverimus laudāveris laudāveritis laudāverit laudāverint
21 Verb synopsis indicative active present and perfect systems Present Imperfect Future laudat laudabat laudabit Perfect laudavit Pluperfect laudaverat Future Perfect laudaverit As students learn more tenses, they add the new tenses to the synopsis
22 Tips Memorize the personal endings Memorize the 4 principal parts Drill all forms of sum, esse Drill the English meanings Use correct terminolgy
23 HELP! Another Latin text Latin Trivium Tables CC Connected tutorials
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