常考题型 一 主旨大意题 1 主题型主旨大意题

Transcription

1 MBA 阅读理解 主讲人 : 勾跃

2 常考题型 一 主旨大意题 1. 主题型主旨大意题 The passage mainly discusses... Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 2. 目的类主旨大意题 The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to... The passage is meant to 标题类主旨大意题 The best title for the passage might be... What would be the best title for the passage?

3 解题技巧 : 1. 找出主题句 主题句一般位于文章或段落的开始或者位于段末 除此之外, 主题句还有可能位于段落的中间 在解题时, 不主题句意思最接近的选项必然是正确答案 2. 概括和归纳出主题思想 实际上, 有的文章是没有主题句的 这就需要靠读者自己迚行概括或归纳隐含的主题思想了 概括主题可以从归纳每段的要点开始, 最后将各段要点集中就是全文的主题思想

4 题型常考 现场训练 : Passage 1 开门见山式 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-- foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.

5 Passage 2 卧虎藏龙式 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. Passage 3 画龙点睛式 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

6 常考题型二 细节理解题 1. 是非题 Which of the following is true except? Which of the following is not mentioned? Which of the following is wrong? 解题技巧 : 排除法 & 直接判断

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9 2. 例证题 The author provides in line (Paragraph ) an example in order to? The author gives an example in Paragraph mainly to show that?

10 The American idea of the national good has never been based on national cooperation but rather on the freedom of the individual, maintaining those conditions that provide the greatest freedom and prosperity for the individual. It is far more difficult for Americans to accept shared sacrifice for the common good and well-being of the entire country. For example, although the majority of Americans believe that it is extremely important to balance the national budget and reduce the deficit, they do not want to see cuts in government programs that benefit them personally. The author gave an example in the paragraph in order to. A. emphasize the need to place a stronger value on national cooperation B. explain why the American idea has been based on individual freedom C. illustrate that the Americans will not give up their personal interest for the country's sake D. support the idea that Americans need the spirit of national cooperation

11 3. 原因题 For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years-even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because. A. life has been improved by technological advance B. the number of female babies has been declining C. our species has reached the highest stage of evolution D. the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

12 4. 数字计算题

13 题型常考 三 猜测词义题 这类考题包括对生词生义的推测 熟词生义的推测 提问的方式主要有 : 1.What does the underlined word... in the first paragraph mean? 2.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word? 考点 : 熟词僻意 & 生僻词

14 举例分析 : 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily. 3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 4. They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 5. We are on the night shift from midnight to 8 a.m. this week. 6. Biggest power failure in the city's history...all of our ice cream and frozen foods melted. 7.She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. 8. The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

15 题型常考 现场训练 Passage 1 Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric( 史前 ) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest written records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusual in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they chew with their back teeth and gums ( 齿龈 ). Cows swallow their food quickly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compartments in their stomachs. Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen? A. The first stomach compartment. B. The name of the upper jaw. C. The stomach where digestion takes place. D. The name of the bacteria in the cow's stomach.

16 题型常考 Passage 2 If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the "novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears. The word novice in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by. A. scientist B. creator C. beginner D. expert

17 In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon people expressed their surprise. Why, they asked, are you travelling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space? H. G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. What does the underlined word it (paragraph 2) refer to? A. Discovering the moon's inner space. B. Using the earth's inner space. C. Meeting the moon people again. D. Travelling to outer space.

18 常考题型 四 推理判断题 1. 推断作者态度 : 该类题的设题形式有 : The author s attitude towards...might be summarized as(seems to be). Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards...?

19 态度类型 : 积极类 :objective( 客观的 ),impartial( 公正的 ),helpful( 有帮助的 ), positive( 正确的 ),supporting( 支持的 ),admiring( 羡慕的 ),interesting( 引起兴趣的 ),unbiased( 没有偏见的 ),concerned( 关心的 ),confident( 自信的 ),impressive( 给人印象深刻的 ),optimistic( 乐观的 ) 等 ; 中立类 :detached( 超然的 ),factual( 实际的 ),indifferent( 无关紧要的 ),impassive( 冷漠的 ),uninterested( 丌感兴趣的 ),ambivalent( 矛盾的 ), apathetic( 无动于衷的 ),neutral( 中立的, 丌确定的 ),impersonal( 丌带个人色彩的 ) 等 ; 消极类 :disgusting( 令人厌恶的 ),critical( 批评的 ),negative( 否定的 ), intolerable( 丌能忍受的 ),disappointed( 失望的 ),subjective( 主观的 ), biased( 有偏见的 ),doubtful( 怀疑的 ),compromising( 折中的 ),worried( 担心的 ),pessimistic( 悲观的 ),hostile( 敌对的 ) 等

20 In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys 13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on lowincome Americans who choose to smoke. That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. Rogers' attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of. A. doubt B. sympathy C. unconcern D. tolerance

21 Passage 2 To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? A. Sympathetic. B. Unfriendly. C. Optimistic D. Critical.

22 2. 细节推断 We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs, Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs. A. will be lowered in the long run B. will be significantly increased C. will be more than $200 million D. will reach $3.2 billion

23 The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers ( 登山运动员 ), and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren't on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! What is implied in if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!? A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic. B. Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C. It is not possible for you to get such a backpack. D. It is wise of you to have such a backpack.

24 Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures. A. it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive B. infants could be left dead in times of starvation C. parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children D. death was considered to be freedom from hardships

25 3. 后续内容推断 In the next part, the author would most probably discuss. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? 解题技巧 : 联系上下文, 了解文章前后大意, 迚而迚行判断 The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes. In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you. A. how to keep up with the times B. how to make up for lost time C. how to have a good time D. how to make good use of time

26 4. 出处推断 The passage is most likely to be taken from. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of. 解题技巧 : 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处 : (1) 报纸 : 前面会出现日期 地点或通讯社名称 (2) 广告 : 因其格式特殊, 容易辨认 (3) 产品说明 : 器皿 设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式, 而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间 次数 药量等

27 Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value? A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic watch to show the day, month, and date. Only seven of these splendid watches were ever made and these watches were almost lost to history. Today, it is so hard to get an original watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $ 200,000 for one. Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement. The watchmaker has made the movement of the watch much more modern with an automatic rotor ( 上弦装置 ) so that the watch never needs to be wound by hand. To get a watch in such a perfect design means to get a chance to know a piece of watch-making history and to wear such a watch will show your personal taste and social position. You can get the watch either in person or by mail at an affordable price. You will also receive good service from the watch seller. If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days. Don't miss the chance to realize your dream. The passage is probably taken from a. A. report B. magazine C. text book D. science book

28 The Wall Street Journal has continued as the world' s most credible news source and one that refused to conform to the passing prejudice and error of the journalistic herd. Naturally the Journal receives ongoing abuse from the herd for its distressing in d ep end en ce. Yet, rar ely is th e criticism straightforward but rather an assault on the conservatism of the Journal' s editorial page, which strikes conformist journalists as an insult and is the real cause of the herd' s distress. Rather the criticism focuses on the Journal' s bottom line, its sluggish share price, and rumors that the family controlling the paper, the Bancroft family, is unhappy and about to sell it.

29 The rumors of the Bancrofts' unhappiness are all highly exaggerated and quickly refuted. For this proud family whose ancestor, Clarence W. Barron, purchased the Journal and with it the Dow Jones news service in 1902 conceives of its ownership as a "public trust." That is how Roy A. Hammer, a lawyer and trustee for the entities through which the Bancrofts control the paper, described their sense of ownership. This is not so unusual. Great newspapers have always played a major role in American civil life. I said "great newspapers," serious newspapers, the kind that put gathering news ahead of sensationalism. Most of the truly profitable newspapers in the country today are essentially shopping circulars with some cheap journalism printed on those pages not devoted to shopping mall sales. The great newspaper chains take over local papers, fire journalists, and set out to fill their pages with still more advertisements. Well, they supply a service. They let readers know about the price, say, of chicken at the Giant or snow tires at the CVS. But fewer and fewer local newspapers supply much news and analysis. Great newspapers do, and not one that I know of makes a vast amount of money.

30 Great newspapers do help to set the agenda for the nation. They break stories of corruption or on other vital matters. One of the few things I find admirable about the New York Times is that its controlling family, the Sulzberger family, is not intent on squeezing every penny of profit out of its flagship paper. Thus last week when I read a long critique in the Times of the Wall Street Journal' s management for its sluggish financial performance, I discovered hypocrisy. Profits are essential to all businesses. For one thing they are a very accurate poll of the populace' s tastes, but there are other services some corporations supply to society. Both the Journal and the Times supply at too high a cost information that enlightens the citizenry.

31 31. The journalistic herd' s distress is caused by the Wall Street Journal' s [A] credibility [B] prejudice [C] conformism [D] professionalism 32. The Bancroft family purchased the Wall Street Journal to. [A] sell it for a higher price [B] promote the Dow Jones news service [C] dominate the great newspapers chains 控制大的报业集团 [D] influence American civic life 33. It can be inferred from the passage that great newspapers. [A] have to engage in a form of sensationalism 耸人听闻的消息 [B] make a bigger profit than local papers [C] cover a great deal of news and analysis [D] refuse to accept the error of the journalistic herd

32 34. The author says "I discovered hypocrisy" (Last line, Paragraph 4), because. [A] the Times was involved in corruption [B] the Times was becoming profit-driven [C] the Times was attacking the Journal [D] the Journal was in financial difficulty 35. The author seems to believe that all the newspapers should. [A] maximize the profit [B] satisfy the public' s tastes [C] provide social services [D] inform the readers at a high cost

33 中公 MBA/MPA/MPAcc5080 元保过班次 ( 全国考生均可报考 ) 中公 MBA 网站 : 中公 MPAcc 网站 : 2015MPAcc 备考千人交流二群 : 备考 MBA/MPA 备考群 : 咨询电话 : , 咨询 QQ: 中公管理人官方微博 : 中公 MPAcc 微博 : 原来 YY 讲座录音与讲义下载地址 : 总部地址 : 北京市海淀区学清路汉华世纪大厦 B 座

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