BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN BIOLOGY

Transcription

1 Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint 0711 ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA május 17. BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN BIOLOGY EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA ADVANCED LEVEL WRITTEN EXAM JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI ÚTMUTATÓ GUIDE FOR MARKING AND EVALUATION OKTATÁSI ÉS KULTURÁLIS MINISZTÉRIUM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE

2 Instructions - How To Mark The Advanced Level Paper 1. Always use red ink. 2. If the answer to question is complete tick correct answers. Each tick is equivalent to. You can not give half the point. Indicate with two ticks, if the candidate answered correctly an assignment of two points. 3. Please accept the answer, if it is correct, but not mentioned in the Answer Key. The same procedure should be applied in the case of synonyms (e.g.: platelets thrombocytes). 4. In the Answer Key equally acceptable answers are separated with backslash (/) from one another. 5. At the end of the assignment add the points up in the grey-coloured chart. 6. At the end indicate the detailed points for each assignment in the final summary chart and add them up to indicate the total score. 7. In the optional essay questions mark correct answers by a tick on the margin of the page. The Answer Key contains only key content elements, terms and phrases in logical order. Please accept compositions with different order but with logical structure unless the instruction of the questions tells the contrary. Finally please add up the points of the correct answers and write in the appropriate box (X.) of the final summary chart. In the essay question point can be awarded only for those answers which respond to the guiding questions. 8. If the candidate worked on both optional questions (A and B) then the instructions in instructions for Candidates are to be applied. 9. If the candidate was asked to compose whole sentences (e.g.: giving reasons or explanations) only grammatically correct sentences are acceptable. Please, do not deduct points for spelling mistakes, yet do not accept misleading compositions. We wish you a successful work. írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

3 I. Effects of oil pollution 8 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 1.1, for the correct marking of axis X (months or days) for the correct marking of axis Y (covering %) for the correct construction of the 3 graphs (+/- 10% deviation is acceptable. Graph can be a line graph, scattergraph or bar chart or any other appropriate representation.) The graph below shows one possible representation. (3 points) Covering % 80 Oil +water dispersant + water Oil + dispersant + water Months 2. Any two statements that interpret the complex entirety of data or any group of data are acceptable. For example: Blue mussels are sensitive to oil pollution, but dispersant also destroys them. Oil and dispersant applied together showed the worst effect of all. In case of oil and dispersant, the harmful effect of pollutants appears only (6 months) later. Colony of mussels can not recover from destruction even in a long period of time (23 months). Ideas about causes, for example: Oil dispersed by the dispersant results in even greater damages, because it affects the mussel s body on a larger surface. Any two correct answers (2 points) Statements not supported by the group of data or express only one state of it can not be accepted. For example: Blue mussels belong to the phylum of Molluscs. Blue mussels covered 60-80% of the surveyed rocks before the pollution. Etc. 3. Breaking up oil pollution may cause more serious damages than the unbroken layer of oil. Or: Removal or digestion of oil are more suitable solutions than dispersing it. Any correct suggestion, being in harmony with experimental data, is acceptable. () írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

4 4. Indicator species: a species with narrow range of tolerance to a given environmental factor./ or in more general: any species that indicates an environmental factor by its distribution. () Blue mussels indicate the effects of oil /dispersant pollution. Or: Blue mussel is a species sensitive to these. () Source of data: Toole: Understanding Biology, Stanley Ltd. Chelthenham, 1995 Picture: II. The work of our kidneys 1s This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.6.1., and Source of picture: Torrance, James: Biology Hodder Gibson, Nephron. 2. In the (renal) cortex. 3. Filtration/ Ultrafiltration / Formation of filtrate. 4. During filtration blood plasma lost water, while its protein-content has not decreased, so the concentration of proteins / osmotic pressure of blood increased. 5. It does not contain glucose in a healthy person. Z 6. It contains fibrinogen. X 7. It contains urea (carbamide). Q 8. It contains steroid sex hormones. Q 9. Vasopressin / ADH increases the retention/ reabsorption of water III. Mitochondria 7 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: 1.3., , , 2.3., , 2.3.3, , , , , and Meiosis 2. C D (Point can be given only for the correct pair of letters) 3. B C E (Point can be given only for the correct triplet of letters) 4. Bacteria / Prokaryotes 5. Endosymbiotic theory 6. The ancestors of mitochondria could have been unicellular prokaryotes/ bacteria engulfed / eaten by other unicellular organisms and they have lived together / a symbiosis has developed. Source of the excerpt: Venetianer Pál: Az emberi mitokondriumok genetikája and the website: írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

5 IV. Tissues 10 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: and Human or animal tissue. D 2. There is no intercellular substance in it. A 3. Its intercellular substance is solid. C 4. Its cells lacking nucleus transport oxygen. B 5. Massive and flexible component of the human skeleton. C 6. It contains calcium carbonate. C 7. Typical tissue of the integument (skin) of terrestrial Vertebrates. A 8. There are neurons in it. E 9. Its upper layer contains dead cells. A 10. There are stomata in it. E Source of photographs: V. Secrets of deep-diving penguins 8 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.3.2., and Source of photograph: Attenborough, David: Az élő bolygó, Novotrade, F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. D 6. Decompression disease (or the bends ): - develops when the external pressure suddenly falls/ e.g. sudden ascend from deep water - it is caused by the transformation of dissolved gases of blood into bubbles - that destroy circulation/ bloodstream / that may cause blocking of blood vessels VI. Innate (inborn) and learned behaviour 5 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:3.4.4 and B A D B C Each correct answer is awarded, altogether: 5 points Source of case studies: Csányi Vilmos: Etológia (Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó Rt.? Budapest, 1994 írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

6 VII. Hormones 10 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:4.7.1., and Every correct answer:. Name of hormone Site of production Its effect Thyroxin Thyroid gland It 1. increases/ stimulates the oxidation of glucose and heat production. It 2. decreases/inhibits glycogen formation in the liver. 3. Growth hormone (GH)/ Somatotropin (STH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Progesterone Pituitary gland/ Hypophysis (anterior lobe) 5. Pituitary gland / Hypophysis (anterior lobe) 6. Ovary / Corpus luteum It 4. inhibits / decreases the oxidation of carbohydrates and stimulates the storage of glycogen in muscles and in the liver. One of the triggering factors of ovulation It 7. inhibits/decreases the production of luteinizing hormone. It 8. stimulates/increases the thickening of the endometrium/ innermost layer of the uterus. 9. Aldosterone Adrenal cortex It increases the reabsorption of 10. Na + ions from the nephrons to the bloodstream. VIII. Changing DNA content 7 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements: and Meiosis. 2. Replication / DNA synthesis. 3. D 4. D 5. F 6. G 7. AC IX. The Rh factor 6 points 1. In India, the frequency of Rhesus negative individuals is 16:506= Since q 2 = , the q = (17.78%) is the frequency of r allele and = (82.22%) that of R allele. In Basqueland q 2 = 0.36, so q = 0.6 (60%) is the frequency of r allele and 0.4 (40%) that of R allele. írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

7 2. The increased frequency of r allele in some small, isolated populations can be explained by genetic drift / the founder effect / a random process. Or In an originally continuous European population, the frequency of r allele had already been higher. Later other/ Asian populations with higher frequencies of R allele arrived and the original distribution of alleles have remained unchanged only in small, isolated populations. Any of these explanations in other formulations can be accepted. 3. When an Rh-negative mother is pregnant with her Rh-positive foetus, because blood cells of the first foetus make the mother s body produce antibodies. These antibodies may destroy subsequent foetus/foetuses. Any other correct phrasings are acceptable. X. Translocation of a rock grassland 8 points This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: The proportion of protected companion species has decreased to the greatest extent, approximately to its half / by 50 %. 2. About 10:90 in 2003 About 25:75 in No, it has not been achieved, because the proportion of protected species has decreased Any other formulations with the same meaning can be accepted 4. It is slightly cooler/ almost identical. 5. It has decreased (by its half). 6. The new habitat is better supplied with water. 7. No, it wasn t, because water supply/ temperature is not identical to the original habitat. Any other formulations with the same meaning can be accepted XI. A. Motor functions 20 points Muscle activity 9 points This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:1.3., and Striated muscle (tissue) /Skeletal muscle 2. Point can be given only for the correct triplet of letters. Actin Myosin Actin + myosin B A C írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

8 3. If all three answers are correct 2 points If two answers are correct In case of 0 or 1 correct answer 0 point Band A Band B Band C narrows narrows widens 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. The muscle tissue has its own energy-storing compound and oxygen-storing molecule / creatine phosphate and myoglobin. Systems of locomotion (Essay) 1s This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: The nerve impulse that controls the movements of the right hand starts from the left hemisphere s - cortical neurons/ motor area. - Some motor tracts switch over/ form synapses in - the subcortical nuclei, too. - Motor tracts cross, - and they end in / have synapse with the motor neurons - of the ventral horn - located in the right side of the spinal cord - Movements of the hand muscles are carried out (directly) by motor neurons of the spinal cord. - Your handwriting becomes confused /disordered under the influence of alcohol, - because alcohol inhibits the activity of cerebellum that is responsible for the coordination of movements. XI. B Water 20 points The role of water in plant life (10 points) This assignment is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:3.4.3 and the root 2. root hairs / epidermal extensions 3. passive / not ATP requiring 4. transpiration/ water-loss / water usage 5. xylem/ water-conducting/ inner 6. oxygen gas/ O 2 7. transport molecule / NADP/ NADPH írásbeli vizsga / május 17.

9 8. In the springtime, plants take up more water, thus the vessel elements tend to be large in diameter, forming a lighter region (spring strip). or In the fall, water uptake decreases, thus narrower vessel elements are formed, producing a darker region (autumn strip) Sewage and drinking water (10 points) This assignment is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: Sewage is partly purified mechanically, - that can be filtration or sedimentation, (mentioning only one is enough) - and it is also purified biologically, - in which its organic content is reduced - by the activity of bacteria / microorganisms. - Natural waters have self-purifying ability due to the decaying activity of living organisms (bacteria and other microbes) in them Drinking water can be obtained from: groundwater leaking into dug wells/ bank-filtered wells / springwater, layer water / artesian water, karst water Two examples are required Dangers threatening drinking water reserves: e.g. - exploitation of a mine (descending level of karst water, outwashed materials from mine dumps e.g. cyanide pollution) - inappropriate use/ storage/ production of agricultural or industrial chemicals - materials outwashed from illegal/ inappropriate waste dumps - overdosage of fertilisers / high levels of nitrate - impractical river regulation Or any other correct example 2 points Households can reduce the environmentally harmful effects of the sewage they produce by - reducing the amount of organic materials released into the sewage (frying oil is not poured into the sink, no kitchen pig /garbage disposal unit) - reducing the amount of chemicals released into the sewage (sparing use of washing powders and dishwasher substances, use of environmentally friendly materials e.g. sodium bicarbonate) - reducing the amount of phosphate output (phosphate-free washing powders) Only one example should be mentioned írásbeli vizsga / május 17.