Stirling Engine Technology and Its Application on Solar Power Generation
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1 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Stirling Engine Technology and Its Application on Solar Power Generation Chin-Hsiang Cheng Professor and Chairman Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
2 Content Introduction Stirling Engines in History Modern Stirling Engines Industrial Projects Potential Technologies Concluding Remarks
3 Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling ( ) Introduction
4 Introduction Q in Q out
5 Introduction
6 Source: Introduction
7 Classification of Stirling Engines Introduction configuration This type of configuration features two pistons, each in its own cylinder. configuration This type of configuration has a piston and a displacer in the same cylinder. configuration This type of configuration has a piston and a displacer, each in its own cylinder.
8 configuration: two pistons, each in its own cylinder Introduction Source:
9 configuration: a piston and a displacer in the same cylinder Introduction Source:
10 Introduction configuration: a piston and a displacer, each in its own cylinder. Source:
11 type (1) Introduction
12 type (2) Introduction
13 Introduction type (3) type (4)
14 type (5) Introduction
15 Introduction T-swing arm type (6)
16 Introduction Free-Piston Stirling Engines type Source:
17 Advantages of Stirling Machines Introduction High thermal efficiency A variety of external heat sources Low in emissions Quiet
18 Source: Y.A. Cengel & M.A. Boles, Thermodynamics-An Engineering Approach, 4 th Ed. Introduction
19 Hot-Air Engine (Robert Stirling, 1816) Stirling Engines in History
20 Ericsson and His Pumping Engines (5-, 6-, 8-, and 10-inch, during ) Stirling Engines in History
21 Stirling Engines in History
22 The Ericsson (2200 ton, 4 hot-air engines, 14 ft piston diameter) Stirling Engines in History
23 Rider Water-Pumping Engine (A.K. Rider, 1876) Stirling Engines in History
24 Stirling Engines in History
25 Stirling Fan (Lake Breeze Motor, 1918) Stirling Engines in History
26 Philips Stirling Engine (1950-) with Rhombic Drive Stirling Engines in History
27 Rhombic Drive Stirling Engines in History Source:
28 V-2 Stirling Engine (Stirling Power System Co., 1981) Stirling Engines in History Spirit of American Motors Corp., 1979
29 Stirling Engines in History
30 Modern Stirling Engines Whisper Tech Ltd. < The DC(AC) WhisperGen 750W
31 Modern Stirling Engines Tamin Enterprises < TESE002 Single-cylinder rhombic-drive CAM001 Four-cylinder cam-drive
32 Modern Stirling Engines Stirling Technology Company < MODEL RG-55 RG-350 RG-450 RG-1000 RG-3000 Electrical Output W 350 W 450W@50Hz 550W@60Hz 1000W@50Hz 1250W@60Hz 3000 W System Efficiency 29% 23% 30% 23% 39% Duty Cycle Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuo us Minimum Lifetime 50,000 hr 50,000 hr 50,000 hr 50,000 hr 50,000 hr Dimensions 13.8 in. x 5 in. dia 23 in. x 8 in. dia 24 in. x 7.5 in. dia 28 in. x 9 in. dia 34 in. x 10in. dia Weight 3.5 kg 80 lbs. 100 lbs. 130 lbs. 160 lbs. Maintenance None None None None None
33 Modern Stirling Engines Stirling Technology Company < RG55 RG1000 RG350 RG3000 RG450
34 Modern Stirling Engines Sunpower, Inc. < M87 cryocooler mass 2.7 kg length 280 mm diameter 83 mm Model B-10B Beale Free-Piston 1 W height 250 mm base diameter 100 mm cylinder diameter 60 mm
35 (2) Electronic Cooler (POLO Technology Co.) Industrial Projects
36 Industrial Projects (3) Stirling Fan- Heat-Driven Water Heater Ventilation
37 (4) 300-W Stirling Power Generator Industrial Projects
38 (5) Magnetic-Enforced Stirling Engine Industrial Projects
39 Potential Technologies Hybrid Stirling/Electric Car Norway's Think. High-power lithium-ion batteries Stirling engine AC motor Source: CNN money.com July 31, 2007.
40 Potential Technologies Free-Piston Stirling Cooler (FPSC) Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone layer (CFC HCFCs Halon) Kyoto Protocol on greenhouse gases (O 2 PFCs HFCs and SF6) (GWP) Source:
41 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Concentrating solar power systems Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems are systems that use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight or solar thermal energy onto a small area. Electrical power is produced when the concentrated sunlight is converted to thermal energy to drive a heat engine (usually a Stirling engine or steam turbine), and connected to an electrical power generator.
42 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Concentrating Solar Power Systems - Central Tower Solar water heaters Solar-Two Experimental Solar Power Plant (10 MW), located in Daggett, California. Solar cells
43 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Concentrating Solar Power Systems Solar Trough
44 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Concentrating Solar Power Systems Solar Dish+Stirling Engines SAIC/STM (USA) 23 W/m 2 Area:14 m 14 m System efficiency:30 % SES (USA) 25 kw@1000 W/m 2 Area:11.6 m 11.6 m System efficiency:29.4 % Infinia (USA) 3 kw@1000 W/m 2 Area:4.6 m 4.7 m System efficiency:30.5 %
45 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University CSP-Stirling Related Technology Stirling engine design and testing Thermofluidic phenomena modeling and optimization Regenerators High-temp/high-absorptivity film coatings Liquid metals thermal receiver Phase-change thermal storage system with molten salts High-transmissivity Fresnel lens Solar tracking systems Linear alternators and control systems
46 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Thermal-lag Stirling Engine Modeling Gas Chamber Regenerative Heater Buffer Chamber TDP Compression Chamber Piston BDP Operating Conditions Mechanism Force Acceleration and Velocity Back Pressure Chambe r Thermodynamic model Performance
47 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Thermal-lag Stirling Engine Concept Demonstration
48 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Prototype Development Thermal-lag Stirling Engine
49 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Thermal-lag Stirling Engine Modifications
50 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Solar Tracker (GPS interface/sun Tracking/Radiation sensers) North
51 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Solar Tracker (Control system/electrical circuits) Motor driver control circuit Microprocessor (89S52) interface circuit Signal buffer/switch circuits for Step motor A/D D/A circuit
52 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Solar Tracker (Fresnel lens with microscale structures) 照 度 W / m 7 分 段 直 線 法 細 直 線 構 成 分 段 曲 線 最 佳 化 分 段 曲 線 mm
53 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Solar Tracker Model 2
54 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University W W W 11:40:01 9:30:00 11:47:40 9:37:45 11:55:19 9:45:30 12:02:58 9:53:15 12:10:37 10:01:00 12:18:16 10:08:45 12:25:55 10:16:30 12:33:34 10:24:15 12:41:13 10:32:00 12:48:52 10:39:45 12:56:31 10:47:30 13:04:10 10:55:15 13:11:49 11:03:00 13:19:28 11:10:45 13:27:07 11:18:30 13:34:46 11:26:15 13:42:25 11:34:00 Low-power-consumption solar tracker W :50:01 13:57:50 14:05:39 14:13:28 14:21:17 14:29:06 14:36:55 14:44:44 14:52:33 15:00:22 15:08:11 Time 15:16:00 15:23:49 15:31:38 15:39:27 15:47:16 15:55:05 W Time W Average power consumption 5.35 W Consumption ratio = 5.35/ %(<2%) Time
55 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Special Thanks: - National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan - Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Taiwan - Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University
56 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Thank you! Website:
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