(M/s. Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd )

Transcription

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For Expansion of existing DRI Kiln Plant from x90 TPD to 72,000 TPA (CC Billet) at B-7, Bokaro Industrial Area, Village Baldih, District Bokaro, Jharkhand (M/s. Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd ) GRASS ROOTS RESEARCH & CREATION INDIA (P) LTD. An ISO 900:2008, 4000:2004 &OHSAS 800:2007 Certified Co.: Accredited by QCI /NABET Corporate Ofice: F: , Sec-63, Noida-2030 Ph. No: , ,432320, Fax: info@grc-india.com, eia@grc-india.com, Website:

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.0 Project Description The M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. proposes expansion of existing DRI kiln plant from x 90 TPD to 72,000 TPA (CC Billet) by addition of x 90 TPD DRI kiln, 2 x 2 tonne (t) Induction Furnaces, Ladle Furnace of capacity 5 tonne, Continuous Casting Machine. The salient features of the project are as under: Existing production capacity x 90 TPD DRI kiln Capacity After expansion - 2 x 90 TPD DRI kiln for 72,000 TPA of billet production Existing Area- 0. Ha Project cost estimate approx 55 crores Interlinked projects None Envisaged Changes for Higher Productivity by Addition of x 90 TPD DRI kiln Addition of 2 x 2 Tonne Induction Furnace Addition of Ladle Furnace of capacity 5 Tonne Addition of Continuous Casting Machine Table 2.: Size/magnitude of operation of the proposed project SI. No Parameters Description Identification of project Expansion of existing Sponge Iron plant to sponge iron based Integrated Steel of M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. falls under Category B Projects of activity 3 (a) as per EIA Notification dated 4 th September, 2006 and its subsequent amendments. The project area falls under gazette notified industrial area. 2 Project Proponent Mr. Mohit Jain Director

3 Steels Pvt Ltd. C 33/294, 23Ka, Ambalikapuri Colony, Sigra, Varanasi, (U.P) 3 Brief description of nature of the project -sundaramsteels@gmail.com The existing plant is in land Area of approx. 0. Ha. The enhancement in the production capacity does not require any additional land area, as the available land area i.e. approx. 0. Ha is sufficient for the proposed expansion. 4 Salient Features of the Project The existing and proposed capacity is as follows. () Existing capacity 90 TPD Sponge Iron Plant. Expanded Capacity will be 2 x 90TPD 2 x 2 MT Induction Furnace, x 5 T LRF and CCM. 4. Proposed plant capacity Expanded Capacity will be 2x 90TPD, 2x 2MT Induction Furnace and CCM. 4.2 Total Plot Area 0. Ha, Expansion of Project within the plant premises and notified industrial area. The land document enclosed as Annexure III. 4.3 Water Total water consumption: 07 m 3 /day requirement Application Exiting Additional m 3 /day m 3 /day m 3 /day ()Industrial Process (2)Domestic Total Source of water Ground water after obtaining NOC 4.5 Wastewater Zero liquid discharge will be maintained. No waste water will be discharged outside the plant premises. 4.6 Man Power 50 2

4 4.7 Electricity/ Power requirement Existing Power Demand : 600 KVA Additional Demand: 9.4 MVA Total : 0 MVA Source Damodar Valley Corporation Fuel : DG set 500KVA Fuel for DG set- HSD (for power backup) 4.8 Alternative site The proposed project is an expansion of the existing unit. Hence no need of alternate site. 4.9 Land form, Land use and land ownership The existing plant is running in land Area of 0. Ha. The enhancement in the production capacity does not require any additional land area, as the available land area i.e. 0. Ha is sufficient for the proposed expansion. 5.0 Conclusion It is recommended that M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd to undertake the expansion of existing sponge iron plant to integrated steel plant. Air Pollution Control systems will enhance environment cleanness. Therefore, minimal impact to the surrounding environment. The project will bring about socio-economic improvement as well as infrastructural development beneficial to the area. 2.0 Location The project site is located at B-7, Bokaro Industrial Area at village Baldih, District Bokaro, Jharkhand and Regd.Office C 33/294, 23Ka, Ambalikapuri Colony, Sigra, Varanasi, (U.P). The project area falls under gazette notified industrial area. The project site is situated at the distance of about.5 km North east direction from NH-23, nearest railway station Bokaro Steel City 2 km in SSE direction and nearest Air Port Ranchi at 85 Km SW direction. The nearest river is Damodar River which is 8km, North direction. There are no Wildlife sanctuaries & National Park within 5 km radius. No Protected forest/reserved forest falls within the 0 km. 3

5 Plant site Coordinate are N & E The site and study area falls in the survey of India Topo sheet No. 73/, 73/2 & 73 E/4 3.0 Meteorology A meteorological station was set up near the proposed plant premises. Meteorological data was generated during the post-monsoon season monitoring period. Overall (Seasonal), the predominant wind direction is West followed by South West. Calm conditions prevailed for 8.0% of the time. 4.0 Air Quality The PM2.5, PM0, SO2 and NO2 levels (Criteria Pollutants) were monitored at eight locations in the study area. The observed levels are as follows; PM µg/m 3 to 23.5 µg/m 3, PM0 0.2 µg/m 3 to µg/m 3, SO2 6.0 µg/m 3 to 30.7 µg/m 3, NO2 7.3 µg/m 3 to 55.5 µg/m 3 and CO 920 µg/m 3 to 2750 µg/m 3. The results when compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for "Industrial/ Residential/ Rural and Other Areas". It can be observed that the baseline ambient air quality levels at all monitoring location are below than the NAAQ standard. All the values of CO and PAH were observed to be within prescribed limits. 5.0 Noise Quality Ambient noise levels were monitored at 8 locations in the study area. It was observed that the night time Leq (Ln) varies from 40.5 to 65.2 db (A) and the daytime Leq (Ld) varies from db (A) within the study area. Increased marginal noise level in the residential area/silence zone is due to heavy traffic in the area. The project site results (Industrial Zone) are slightly 4

6 more than the standard range of 75 db (A) and 70 db (A) of day & night respectively as prescribed by the CPCB. 6.0 Water Quality Eight groundwater samples and eight surface water samples buffer zone were collected from the study area for chemical and biological analysis. The results have been compared with the drinking water quality standards specified in IS: It was observed that all the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in ground water samples are below stipulated drinking water standards. All the ground water samples analyzed can be considered fit for drinking purpose in the absence of alternate sources. It was observed that all the analyzed surface water all sample can be compared with class C class. 7.0 Soil Quality Eight soil samples were collected from the study area and analyzed. The texture of soil is sandy loam to clayey loam. The organic matter, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the soil are found to be in moderate amount. The ph and conductivity of all the soil samples are well within the acceptable range. 8.0 Ecology Quality Within 0 km distance of the project site, no plant or animal species were found to be on the endangered list. No ecologically sensitive area like biosphere reserve, tiger reserve, elephant reserve, migratory corridors of wild elephant, wetland, national park and wildlife sanctuary are present within 0 km distance of the project site. 9.0 Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures 9. Air Quality The major pollutants from the project after expansion will be Particulate Matter emissions and will be controlled using Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) and bag 5

7 filter. Particulate Matter emissions from DRI kiln will be controlled by ESP and from IF/LRF will be controlled using Fume Extraction System connected to Bag Filters and the outlet emission will be restricted within 50 mg/nm 3. The proposed efficient Air Pollution Control Devices will enhance environment cleanness, therefore minimal impact to the surrounding environment. 9.2 Noise Quality Unloading and hauling operations and movement of vehicles will be properly scheduled to minimize noise pollution during expansion phase. The air compressors, rotating machines, pumps, ID fans, mill operations will be the major sources of noise. All activities will be carried out inside sheds and maintenance program for equipment will be routinely followed. The land will be developed with greenbelt, which will further reduce the noise level. Workers working in noisy areas will be given ear plugs. In this manner the noise level are restricted within the plant boundary to meet the industrial area standards of 75 dba during day time and 70 dba during night time. 9.3 Water Quality Rainwater harvesting tank will be constructed as per guidelines of Central Ground Water Board. Rooftop rainwater is diverted towards the tank for storing the rainwater. Domestic wastewater will be discharged into soaking pit. No wastewater will be discharged outside the plant premises (under normal operating conditions). The storm water drain will be kept separate from wastewater drains. 9.4 Solid Wastes The char generated from kiln will be sold to power plant operator for using char as a fuel. Slag generated from induction furnace & LRF will be cooled, solidified and crushed to recover steel and balance reused/sold to Contractor for filling of low lying lands, etc. All other dust generated in the plant including raw material handling system and steel plant will be dumped for disposal Steel 6

8 scraps generated in steel melting shop, continuous casting plant will be recycled for melting. The refractory waste comprising used fire clay bricks, high alumina bricks, magnesite-carbon bricks, insulation bricks etc coming out of plant will be sold to contractor for refractory brick plant. The dust from air pollution control system which contains some percentage of Fe is packed in HDPE bags and stored in go-down and the same is transported to SPCB approved agency for land filling. The solid waste utilization and management scheme is shown below Table-. Table-: The solid waste utilization and management scheme is shown below: S.No. Item Non Hazardous waste Dust from ESP of DRI kiln Kiln accretion waste IF +LRF Slag 4. Refractory Bricks Existing quantity of solid waste Generated (TPA) Total quantity of solid waste after expansion (TPA) Method of Disposal Possible Use Sold to Contractor Dust shall be sold to cement-ash block manufacturing units Sold to Contractor Used in Road making Char Road making, Crushed to recover filling iron and low lying areas reused/sold to and as railway Contractor ballast Refractory Sold to Contractor Manufacturing Plants Sold to Power Plant Alternative fuel for Operators power generation 7

9 6. Steel Scrap 7. Dust from Air Pollution Control System - 2, Mixed with raw material for Reuse in the Induction Furnaces plant. Will be packed in HDPE bags and Dry dust is used in used for land cement plant filling as not making. found hazardous during TCLP. 0.0 Landform Quality There will be major construction activity involved within the plant. The project does not impact the landform quality of the region..0 Greenery Development Adequate green belt will be provided all around the plant and inside the plant premises. Locally available types of trees which are resistant to pollutants will be planted. A green belt or tree plantation around the plant helped to arrest the effects of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the area besides playing a major role in environmental conservation efforts. The green belt would; Mitigate gaseous emissions Have sufficient capability to arrest accidental release. Effective in wastewater reuse. Maintain the ecological balance. Control noise pollution to a considerable extent. Prevent soil erosion. Improve the Aesthetics Taking the above-mentioned criteria into consideration, the proposed green belt would be covering around 33% of the total area. The green belt would be consisting of shrubs, trees, avenue trees, revenue trees, crops and potted 8

10 plants. All the species suggested are pollution tolerant, besides having an aesthetic appeal. 2.0 Environmental Monitoring Plan EMD is placed under the direct control of Chief Executive of the plant. A small environmental lab will be setup. A team of qualified and experienced Engineers are already working in the EMD. 3.0 Risk Mitigation Measures Necessary risk mitigation measures, including firefighting measures will be implemented. Hazards due to mechanical injury will be reduced by use of standard design and operating procedures. Oil storage tanks will be located and designed as per the guidelines of Oil Industry Safety Directorate. All necessary safety measures will be provided. Disaster Management Plan will be implemented in consultation with the District Administration to take care of health and safety during any untoward incident. 3. Activities of EMD EMD perform the following activities:. Regular monitoring of stack emissions, fugitive emissions work environment and report any abnormalities for immediate corrective measures. 2. Regular monitoring of ambient air quality at plant boundary and outside the plant in upwind and downwind direction. 3. Regular monitoring of re-circulating water quality, ground water quality and surface water quality. 4. Regular noise monitoring of the work zone, equipments and outside the plant. 9

11 5. Green belt plantation, maintenance, development of other forms of greenery like lawns, nursery, gardens, etc. in the plant premises. 6. Regular monitoring of quantity and quality of solid waste and their reuse options. 7. Development of schemes for water conservation, rain water harvesting. 4.0 Project Benefits 4. Direct Benefits The project will overcome the demand and supply gap of steel product in the country. The project will also generate additional revenue for the State Government. The additional steel availability will boost the infrastructure sector and the overall economic scenario of the country. The project will create additional direct/indirect employment for people. Local people will be preferred for employment during the construction and operation stage. 4.2 Community Development Spending Benefits M/s Sundaram shall spend Rs Crores for various socioeconomic and community development activities in surrounding villages. The activities cover education, health, infrastructure, culture and sports, skill development and training and women empowerment. 5.0 Environmental Management Plan Environment Management Department will implement the EMP of this project. All recommendations given in the EIA report including that of occupational health, risk mitigation and safety will be complied. The capital cost required implementing the pollution control systems and EMP is Rs 4.0 crores. The annual recurring expenses will be approx Rs.32 crores. EMD will ensure that all air pollution control devices, effluent treatment plant and water recirculating systems function effectively. Schemes for resource conservation 0

12 (raw materials, water etc), rainwater harvesting and social forestry development will be taken up by EMD. Greenbelt and greenery development inside and outside the plant premises will be intensified by the EMD. Guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) on greenbelt development will be followed and District Forest department will be consulted for selection of trees. Environmental awareness programs for the employees will be conducted. EMD will also ensure cleanliness inside the plant. All records shall be submitted to the regulatory authorities, displayed at relevant places like company gate and website and maintained by the EMD. ****************

13 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN For Expansion of existing DRI Kiln Plant from x90 TPD to 72,000 TPA (CC Billet) at B-7, Bokaro Industrial Area, Village Baldih, District Bokaro, Jharkhand (M/s. Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd ) GRASS ROOTS RESEARCH & CREATION INDIA (P) LTD. An ISO 900:2008, 4000:2004 &OHSAS 800:2007 Certified Co.: Accredited by QCI /NABET Corporate Ofice: F: , Sec-63, Noida-2030 Ph. No: , ,432320, Fax: info@grc-india.com, eia@grc-india.com, Website: January 206

14 TABLE OF CONTENTS Description Page No Chapter.0 INTRODUCTION C-,. Purpose of the Report C-, 3.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent C-, 4.3 Scope of the study C-, 3.4 Components of EIA C-, 6.5 Applicable Environmental Regulations and C-, 7 Standards 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION C-2, 2. Proposed Project C-2, 2.2 Project Size and Operation C-2, Project Layout C-2, Project Description with Process Details C-2, Project Cost C-2, Resource Requirement C-2, Sources of Pollution C-2, DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT C-3, 3. Introduction C-3, 3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology C-3, 3.3 Methodology C-3, Meteorology C-3, Ambient Air Quality C-3, Water Environment C-3, Soil Characteristics C-3, Noise Quality C-3, Biological Study (Flora & Fauna) C-3, Land Use Pattern in the Study Area C-3, ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & C-4,

15 MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 General C-4, 4. Listing Matrix C-4, Impacts during Construction phase C-4, Socio-economic impacts C-4, Impacts during operating phase C-4, Mitigation of Adverse Impact C-4, ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY C-5, & SITE) 5. Alternate Technology C-5, 5.2 Technology C-5, 5.3 Site Alternatives C-5, 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM C-6, 6. Environmental Monitoring C-6, 6.. Monitoring and Reporting Procedure C-6, ADDITIONAL STUDIES C-7, 7. Public Consultation C-7, 7.2 Occupational Health and Safety C-7, 7.3 Disaster Management Plan C-7, Socio Economic Assessment C-7, PROJECT BENEFITS C-8, 8. Beyond Steel: The Responsibilities C-8, 8.2 Employment C-8, Suggested Measures C-8, Rainwater Harvesting C-8, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN C-9, 9. Introduction C-9, 9.2 Manpower for EMD C-9, Organizational Set Up C-9, Environment Management Plan: Operation C-9, 6 Phase 9.5 Pollution Control/ Mitigation Measures C-9, 7

16 9.6 Post Project Environment Monitoring C-9, 9.7 Energy Auditing C-9, Rain Water Harvesting C-9, Training Facilities C-9, Socio-Economic Environment C-9, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION C-0, 0. Justification for implementation of the project C-0, 0.2 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and C-0, Mitigation Measures 0.3 Conclusions C-0, 5.0 DISCLOSURES OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED C-, LIST OF TABLES Table Description Page No. No.. Global Steel Outlook C-, 0.2 Estimated y-o-y Growth C-,.3 Global Growth Trend C-, 2.4 Indian Steel Industry Production Trend C-, 2.5 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of C-, 4 Monitoring 2. Size/Magnitude for operation of the proposed C-2, 2 project 2.2 Water Requirement C-2, Land Breakup of the Existing Plant Site C-2, List of Raw Material C-2, Sources of Raw Materials C-2, Chemical Analysis of Iron ore C-2, Chemical Analysis of Coal C-2, Typical specification for Limestone C-2, Energy Balance C-2, 22

17 Table No. Description Page No. 2.0 Sources and types of Pollution C-2, Existing & Proposed Pollution Mitigation C-2, 26 System 2.2 Quantity of Solid Waste and their mode of C-2, 29 disposal (for Existing & Proposed) 2.3 List of Industries in & around 0 Km (Radius) C-2, 30 area 3. Summary of Meteorological Data (st March, C-3, to 3st May, 204) 3.2 Details of Ambient Air Quality locations C-3, Monitored Parameters and Frequency of C-3, 0 Sampling 3.4 Instruments Used For Analysis of Samples C-3, 3.5 Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality C-3, Monitoring 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Results C-3, Characterization of RSPM C-3, Water Quality Criteria as per Central Pollution C-3, 8 Control Board 3.9 Water Sampling Locations C-3, Ground Water Results October 204 C-3, Ground Water Results November 204 C-3, Ground Water Results December C-3, Surface Water Quality Results October 204 C-3, Surface Water Quality Results November 204 C-3, Surface Water Quality Results December- 204 C-3, Details of Soil Sampling Locations C-3, Soil Quality Data November 204 C-3, Standard Soil Classification C-3, Details of Noise monitoring locations C-3, Noise Levels db (A) in the study area C-3, Forests cover in Bokaro district C-3, Land use Pattern of Study Area C-3, 48

18 Table No. Description Page No Mode of data collection & parameters C-3, 5 considered during the survey 3.24 Tree Species present in the Buffer zone C-3, Shrub Species of the Study area C-3, Herb Species of the Study Area C-3, Fauna of the study area C-3, Stack & Emission Details Existing units C-4, Stack & Emission Details after expansion of C-4, 7 existing units (Production 72,000 TPA) with control technology 4.3 Solid waste and their mode of disposal C-4, 7 6. Monitoring Schedule for environmental parameters 7. List of Fire Extinguishers Required at Different Locations C-6, 3 C-7, Sample size at various stages C-7, Sub District wise distribution of villages C-7, Demographic Particulars of the Study Area C-7, Basic Amenities Available in the study Area C-7, Year wise allocation of funds for the various C-8, 4 CSR activities proposed to be taken up 8.2 Details of Area C-8, Rain Water harvesting Pond size calculation C-8, 8 9. Air Pollution Control System C-9, Environmental Control Cost (Capital and Annual Operating) 0. Anticipated adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures C-9, 3 C-0, 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Description Page No. No.. Location of the Project Site C-, 6

19 Figure No. Description Page No..2 Crude Steel Production in India C-, 9 2. Toposheet Map Showing Study Area (0 Km radius) C-2, Manufacturing Process & Mass Balance C-2, 7 Diagram 2.3 Plant Layout C-2, Water balance Diagram C-2, Pillar Co-ordinate of the Project Site C-2, Drainage pattern of the study area (0 Km C-2, 32 Radius) 2.7 Digital Elevation Model of Study Area C-2, Wind-rose diagrams for day-night (combined) C-3, Air Quality Sampling Location C-3, Ground Water Sampling Locations C-3, Surface Water Sampling Locations C-3, Soil Quality Sampling Locations C-3, Noise Sampling Locations C-3, Land Use pattern of the study area C-3, Wind Rose- pre-monsoon C-4, Isopleth of Max. Incremental GLC of SO2 due to C-4, expansion of units 4.3 Isopleth of Max. Incremental GLC of PM0 due C-4, 2 to expansion of units 8. Graph of Cumulative Runoff VS Cumulative C-8, 9 Demand 9. Organization structure of the Environment Monitoring division C-9, 5

20 LIST OF ANNEXURE S. No Description I ToR by MoEF II Compliance of ToR III Land Document IV Site Photographs V EC Letter Sundaram VI Amendment in EC VII Corrigendum for Amendment in EC VIII Compliance of EC IX Consent to Operate 4-5 X Ground Water Clearance Permission XI Letter for Compliance of CTO XII Hazardous waste Manifest Form 3,Form 4 XIII AAQ and Stack Monitoring Report from SPCB XIV Online Monitoring Report XV Meteorological Data

21 CHAPTER - INTRODUCTION.0 The Company M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. is a private limited company registered under the Indian Companies Act, 956 having incorporation No. U2700UP2008PTC The company came into existence on The registered office of the company is situated at C-33/294-23KA, Ambalikapuri Colony, Sigra, Varanasi, and proposed factory at Plot No. III/B-7, Bokaro Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA), District Bokaro, Jharkhand. The Company M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. was granted the first Environmental Clearance (EC) on 4 th January, 20 vide letter F.No. J-0/28/200-IA-II (I) of Sponge Iron Plant (2 x 90 TPD) along with 8 MW captive Power Plant consisting of WHRB and AFBC. The proponent, due to financial and technical viability, was unable to install 8 MW CPP and hence approached EAC for relaxation. The PP has only installed one 90 TPD Kiln till present. EC was amended on 2 st December, 20 vide letter F.No. J- 0/28/200-IA-II (I) of Sponge Iron Plant (2 x 90 TPD) along with 8 MW captive Power Plant asking them to install 8 MW CPP with the second kiln. The EAC allowed the PP to sell char for power generation till the second kiln is made operational. In TOR presentation, discussion were held on COINDS by CPCB, which considered the viability of providing WHRB and FBC for sponge iron kilns of smaller sizes. The recommendations are as follows ; C-

22 Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB) Sponge Iron Plants of capacity more than 00 TPD kilns may use Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB) for generation of power. Installation of Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (WHRB) may qualify the industry for CDM benefits. Char Based Power Plant For plant having capacity of 200 TPD of cumulative kiln capacity, the power generation using char as a part of fuel, is a viable option. Power generation using char as a part of fuel may be implemented in a phased manner targeting for 00% utilization of char. Individual Sponge Iron Plants of capacity upto 00 TPD and located in cluster can install a common char based power plant collectively. New Sponge Iron Plants All new kilns shall have independent stack with the kiln or multiflue stacks in case two or more kilns are joining the same stack for better dispersion of pollutants. Any entrepreneur having more than 2 x 00 TPD kiln may install WHRB for power generation, as it s a technically viable option, which also qualifies the industry for CDM benefits. For plant having capacity of 200 TPD or more power generation using char as part of fuel in boiler is techno-economic viable option, therefore, new plants may install power generation unit at the time installation of the industry. The Company proposes expansion of existing DRI kiln plant from x 90 TPD to 72,000 TPA (CC Billet) by addition of x 90 TPD DRI kiln, 2 x 2 tonne (t) Induction Furnaces, Ladle Furnace of capacity 5 tonne and Continuous Casting Machine. As per EIA Notification, it is a Secondary Metallurgical processing industry. C-2

23 The expansion of project falls under Category B Projects of activity 3 (a) as per EIA Notification dated 4 th September, 2006, and its subsequent amendments, as Secondary Metallurgical processing industry. Terms of reference (TOR) was issued vide no. EC/SEIAA/204-5/307/204/460 dated based on which this EIA/EMP Report is prepared. The copy of ToR & compliance status of ToR approved for the project is given in Annexure- I & II.. Purpose of the Report In pursuance of Government of India policy vide Environmental (Protection) Act, 986; any expansion/modernization project necessitates statutory prior environmental clearance in accordance with the objectives of National Environmental policy as approved by the Union Cabinet on 8th May, 2006 and MoEF&CC EIA Notification dated , by preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report. In view of the above, the EIA report has been prepared taking into consideration the requirement and guidelines of statutory bodies and also client s requirement. The objective of the EIA study report is to take stock of the prevailing quality of environment, to assess the impacts of proposed industrial activity on environment and to plan appropriate environmental control measures to minimize adverse impacts and to maximize beneficial impacts of proposed project. The following major objectives have been considered: Assess the existing status of environment. Additional impacts if any due to the proposed expansion. Suggest additional pollution control and ameliorative measures to minimize/reduce the impacts. Prepare an action plan for implementation of suggested ameliorative measures. Suggest a monitoring programme to assess the efficacy of the various adopted environmental control measures. Assess financial considerations for suggested environmental control plans. C-3

24 Clearances from statutory authorities.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent.2. Nature of the Project Expansion of existing steel plant from running capacity x 90 TPD sponge iron kiln to expanded capacity 2 x 90 TPD kiln, addition of 2 x 2 tonne Induction Furnaces and Continuous Casting Casting Machine..2.2 Size of the Project The existing plant has the following main facilities: Land Area of approx- 0. Ha, with a boundary wall all around plant; Existing capacity 90 TPD Sponge Iron Plant. Fully established pollution equipment (Bag House/ESP) attached with 30 m high stack; Administration block with separate Accounts Section, Production- Quality Section, Chemical Lab, Store Room, Director s Room, Conference Room, Security Room, Waiting Room, General Manager s Office etc. The company has proposed to add the following main production facilities within the existing plant premises: i) x 90 TPD Sponge Iron Kiln ii) 2 no. of Induction Furnace (IF) of 2 T capacity iii) no. of Ladle furnace of 5 T capacity iv) Continuous Casting Casting Machine C-4

25 .2.3 Location of the Project The project site is located at B-7, Bokaro Industrial Area at village Baldih, District Bokaro, Jharkhand and Regd.Office C 33/294, 23Ka, Ambalikapuri Colony, Sigra, Varanasi, (U.P). The project area falls under gazette notified industrial area. The project site is situated at the distance of about.5 km North east direction from NH-23, nearest railway station Bokaro Steel City 2 km in SSE direction and nearest Air Port Ranchi at 85 Km SW direction. The nearest river is Damodar River which is 8km, North direction. There are no Wildlife sanctuaries & National Park within 5 km radius. No Protected forest/reserved forest falls within the 0 km. Plant site Coordinate are N & E The site and study area falls in the survey of India Topo sheet No. 73/, 73/2 & 73 E/4 C-5

26 Fig:. Location of the Project Site C-6

27 Project Proponent Mr. Mohit Jain Director M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. C 33/294, 23Ka, Ambalikapuri Colony, Sigra, Varanasi, (U.P).2.4 Need for the project and its importance to the country and or region Need of Steel: Steel is one of the most important products of the modern world and is of strategic importance for any industrial nation. It is a key driver of the world s economy. As a primary material needed for industrialisation and urbanisation, steel is strongly associated with the status of a nation s economy. Historically, all nations during their industrialization phase have supported a strong steel industry of their own. It is a vital engineering input for the construction sector, manufacture of industrial machinery, consumer products, etc. Steel finds a wide variety of applications due to combination of possessing unique qualities of strength, formability and versatility. Steel is also one of the most widely traded articles in the global market offering a large variety of products in terms of diverse profile, strength and physical properties. Though many alternative materials such as plastics, polymers, other metals and compounds have tried to replace it, steel retains its pre-eminent status and would continue to retain its importance for economic development in future as well. It is also an industry with diverse technologies based on the nature and extent of use of raw materials. Since steel is an eminently recyclable material, countries that produce and consume large quantities of steel approach self-sufficiency in the availability of raw materials. C-7

28 Global Steel Scenario: Global crude steel production reached an all-time high of 662 million tonnes in 204 against 734 Mt in 99 as shown in Figure. Nearly 67 per cent of the steel production was accounted for by Asia. China s share was at 49.5 %. Indian Steel Scenario: Indian steel industry has gone through a major structural change after economic reforms. During pre-reforms period, it was concentrated with public sector units and TISCO but reform in early nineties have brought a number of private players in a big way. The Indian steel industry has entered into a new development stage from , riding high on the resurgent economy and rising demand for steel. Rapid rise in production has resulted in India becoming the 4th largest producer of crude steel with8.6 Mt production and the largest producer of sponge iron / DRI in the world with 8.2 Mt production during India is expected to become the 2 nd largest producer of crude steel in the world after China in next few years. It also holds the third position in consumption of steel. The crude steel production in India from 99 to 203 is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen from the above figure that Indian steel sector has witnessed 5 fold increase in crude steel production over a period of two decades. The increase in steel production was phenomenal after C-8

29 Production, Mt Y e a 2007 r Figure.2 : Crude steel production in India Source : JPC Annual Statistics India is the demand centre for steel as the industry is poised to grow across sector. according to an estimate by the Government Agency, incremental demand for steel over next five years will be over 40 Mt in the infrastructure sector only. Infrastructure accounted for 63 % of total consumption in 202 due to the heavy usage of steel in this sector and soaring construction and infrastructure activities in the country. Engineering and fabrication is the next consumer with 22 % of total consumption as shown below: C-9

30 Table. Global Steel Outlook Item Percent Infrastructure 63 Engineering & Fabrication 22 Automobile 0 Packaging 3 Others 2 Steel Scrap Steel Scrap is one of the essential requirements for manufacture of steel in mini-steel industry. It is also consumed by some major steel plants. Scrap, especially from the ship breaking industry supplies substantial quantity of re-rollable steel and steel scrap for the iron & steel industry. Iron scrap is available in the country in the form of pressed bundles, a mixture of used steel components (called as a commercial scrap), turnings and borings and heavy melting scrap. These are generated by industries of all sectors like automobiles, railways and engineering workshops. The collection and processing of scrap in an organised manner is undertaken by a few units in the country. In the local market, scrap is supplied by dealers who in turn arrange to have scrap collected manually or through sub-dealers. The consumption of scrap is mainly reported by Induction Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace units, integrated steel plants and alloy steel & foundry industries. Scraps are used in the steel sector after recycling. Recycling scrap helps in conservation of energy as re-melting of scrap requires much less energy than production of iron or steel from iron ore. Also, the consumption of iron and scrap by re-melting reduces the burden on land fill disposal facilities and prevents the accumulation of abandoned steel products in the environment. It increases the availability of semi-finished material, which otherwise would have to be produced using the ore. Thus, it helps in conservation of natural resources. Domestic availability of steel scrap is not enough to meet the requirement of primary as well as secondary steel producers, as such country is importing scrap to meet the short fall. The import of scrap during last 3 years are shown below: C-0

31 Table.2-Estimated y-o-y Growth Year Import of steel scrap, Mt Steel demand forecasts There are many studies projecting steel demand growth scenario over the next couple of decades. In a recent study, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) has made the following observations. : a) On the present pattern of growth - the real GDP of India grew from 2002 to 203 was at 7.4 percent and the steel consumption grew by 8.2 percent in the said period. Over the next 2 years at a GDP growth of percent, and a GDP elasticity of steel demand at., the likely growth of steel consumption growth rate was estimated at 7.3 percent per year and the finished steel consumption in , on this basis, is estimated to grow to million tonnes by that year. b) Bench marking India s stage of economic growth with other countries On another model, following established trajectory of growth as seen in other countries, the per capita consumption of steel in India would move from the level of 60 kgs in 204 to 75 kgs in , and given the fact that the population of India is projected to grow to.43 billion that year, the steel consumption in is likely to be around 250 million tonnes. c) The goal of India to increase share of manufacturing to 25 percent of GDP by 2025 The above target if achieved can propel the usage of finished steel from 6 kgs / $ PPP in the year 202 to C-

32 kgs / $ PPP in the year This would mean a growth in steel consumption of 9-0 percent and the steel consumption in is likely to be around million tonnes. Table.3-Global Growth Trend Particulars Finished steel consm. Assumptions Steel consumption 70 million tonnes under scenario (a) Addition in construction & million Assuming growth of infrastructure tonnes percent yoy Addition in capital goods 0 5 million tonnes Likely growth of 5 percent Additional steel exports 5 25 million Boost export Total consumption as per million above scenario tonnes However, as against the modest scenarios projected above, the High Level Committee on Manufacturing (HLCM) under the Hon. Prime Minister has set a target of raising annual crude steel making capacity to 300 million tonnes by Since steel demand is strongly related to the growth of the economy, if the capacity is to grow to 300 million tonnes, the growth rate of the GDP will have to be higher than 8 per cent for the entire period or else the industry will have to plan for significant exports. In our estimates such a level will be possible by around at an assumed GDP growth rate of 6.5 per cent annually. The same will be reached two years earlier if 7 per cent growth rate scenario is considered. Projected growth trajectory of crude steel production in the country for various terminal years is summarised in Table.4. Table.4: Projected growth trajectory of Crude steel production, Unit : Million tones Year Production as per GDP 7%# Production as per WSD forecast## Per capita consumption of steel ### C-2

33 # Based on elasticity of.5 w r t GDP ## Based on world steel dynamics ### Per capita consumption basis considering world avg. of 27 kg & population 420 million by Scope of the Study The zone comprising of 0 km radius around the proposed expansion of steel plant is considered as the study area. The scope of study broadly includes: To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area. Establishing the baseline environmental aspects in and around the proposed project area Identifying various existing pollution loads Predicting incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed expansion of steel plant operations Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies. To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), outlining the measures for maintaining the environmental quality in view of future up-gradation for environmentally sustainable development; and Identifying critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored in the post project scenario Field studies have been conducted from October- December, 204 Data Collected to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes. Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring are outlined in Table-.5. C-3

34 Table-.5: Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring S.No Attributes Parameters Frequency Ambient Air Quality PM0, PM2.5, NO2 SO2, CO, PAH The monitoring was carried out at 8 locations at a frequency of 24 hourly samples twice a week for three months. CO samples were collected on hour basis 2 Methodology Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity and Rainfall 3 Water quality Physical, chemical and Bacteriological parameters at 8 locations 4 Ecology Existing terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna in 0 km radius circle 5 Noise levels Noise levels in db(a) at 8 locations Continuous with hourly recording through setting up of onsite meteorological station for three months Data collected from secondary authorized sources like IMD station at Haridwar 8 ground water and 8 surface water samples collected in one season Data Collected through field visit and secondary information. Once in the study period at 8 locations in one season 6 Soil characteristics Parameters related to agricultural and Afforestation potential at 8 locations Once during study period at 8 locations in one season 7 Land use Trend of land use change for C-4 Based on data from latest published district census

35 S.No Attributes Parameters Frequency 8 Socioeconomic aspects different categories Socio-Economic characteristic, labor force characteristics boom town effects handbooks and also remote sensing studies (Satellite Imagery) and ground truthing. Based on site survey and data from latest published district census handbooks 9 Geology Geological history Based on data collected from secondary sources 0 Hydrology Drainage area and pattern, nature of streams, aquifer characteristics recharge and discharge areas Based on data collected from secondary sources Risk assessment and disaster management plan 2 Existing pollution Aspects Identify areas where disaster can occur by fires and explosions and release of toxic substances Identification and quantification of pollution sources with respect to air emissions, water effluents and solid waste. Based on Assessment and existing DMP Based on Assessment C-5

36 .4 Components of EIA Depending on nature, location and scale of the project, EIA report contains the following components. Air Environnent Noise Environnent Water Environnent Biological Environment Land Environment Socio-Economic and Health Environment Risk Assessment Environment Management Plan The EIA Cycle and Procedures The EIA process in India is made up of the following phases: Screening Scoping Public Consultation Appraisal Monitoring the clearance conditions.4. Organization of the Study Reconnaissance survey was conducted and sampling locations were identified on the basis of, a) Existing topography and meteorology. b) Locations of surface and ground water bodies. c) Location of villages /towns/sensitive areas. d) Accessibility/power availability and security of monitoring equipment. e) Pollution pockets in the area. C-6

37 f) Areas that represent baseline conditions..5 Applicable Environmental Regulations and Standards With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following main Acts and Rules of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India governs the proposed project: Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 974 as amended. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 98 as amended. Environment (Protection) Act, 986 amended in 99 and Environment (Protection) Rules, 986 and amendments thereafter. Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 989, as amended. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, EIA Notification 2006 as amended time to time. ***************** C-7

38 CHAPTER- 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0 Project Description This chapter highlights the features of the proposed expansion of steel plant, its layout and design, details on the process, raw materials requirement, utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation, their quantity, treatment and disposal of the waste. 2. Proposed Project The Existing capacity of Sponge Iron plant is x 90 kiln TPD to produce Sponge Iron. The project proponent wants to change the product and increase the capacity to produce 72,000 TPA of Billet by addition of x 90 TPD kiln with 2 x 2 t Induction Furnace (IF), x 5 t Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF), Continuous Billet Caster Machine. Map showing study area covered in : 50,000 scales is given in Figure 2. C2-

39 Figure 2.: Map Showing Study Area (0 Km radius) 2.2 Project Size and Operation The size/magnitude of operation of the proposed expansion project is given in Table- 2.. Table 2.: Size/magnitude of operation of the proposed project SI. No Parameters Description Identification of project Expansion of existing Sponge Iron plant to sponge iron based Integrated Steel of M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. falls under Category B Projects of activity 3 (a) as per EIA Notification dated 4 th September, 2006 and its C2-2

40 2 Project Proponent subsequent amendments. The project area falls under gazette notified industrial area. Mr. Mohit Jain Director M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. C 33/294, 23Ka, Ambalikapuri Colony, Sigra, Varanasi, (U.P) 3 Brief description of nature of the project -sundaramsteels@gmail.com The existing plant is in land Area of approx. 0. Ha. The enhancement in the production capacity does not require any additional land area, as the available land area i.e. approx. 0. Ha is sufficient for the proposed expansion. The existing and proposed capacity is as follows. () Existing capacity 90 TPD Sponge Iron Plant. Expanded Capacity will be 2 x 90TPD 2 x 2 t Induction Furnace, x 5 t LRF and CCM. 4 Salient Features of the Project 4. Expanded plant capacity Expanded Capacity will be 2x 90TPD, 2x 2 t Induction Furnace and CCM. 4.2 Total Plot Area 0. Ha, Expansion of Project within the plant premises and notified industrial area. The land document enclosed as Annexure III. C2-3

41 4.3 Location Plant site Coordinate of corners N & E The site and study area falls in the survey of India Topo sheet No. 73/, 73/2 & 73 E/4 Elevation 235m 4.4 Water requirement Total water consumption: 07 m 3 /day Application Exiting m 3 /day Additional m 3 /day Total m 3 /day ()Industrial Process (2)Domestic Total Source of water Ground water after obtaining NOC, (NOC Enclosed as Annexure X). 4.6 Wastewater Zero liquid discharge will be maintained. No waste water will be discharged outside the plant premises. 4.7 Man Power Electricity/ Power requirement Existing Power Demand : 600 KVA Additional Demand: 9.4 MVA Total : 0 MVA Source Damodar Valley Corporation Fuel : DG set 500KVA Fuel for DG set- HSD (for power backup) 4.9 Alternative site The proposed project is an expansion of the existing unit. Hence no need of alternate site. C2-4

42 4.0 Land form, Land use and land ownership The existing plant is running in land Area of 0. Ha. The enhancement in the production capacity does not require any additional land area, as the available land area i.e. 0. Ha is sufficient for the proposed expansion. 5.0 Conclusion M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd wants to undertake the expansion of existing sponge iron plant to integrated steel plant. Latest Air Pollution Control systems will be provided and will enhance environment cleanness. No effluents will be discharged as it will be a zero discharge plant. Char will be sold and not dumped. Proper noise pollution control system will be provided either by reducing noise power level or providing PPDs. Extensive green belt will be planted. Therefore, minimal impact to the surrounding environment. The project will bring about socioeconomic improvement as well as infrastructural development beneficial to the area. 2.3 Project Layout 2.3. Layout Plan All new facilities of the plant area laid out in close proximity to each other to the extent practicable so as to utilize the vacant land in between. The layout plan of the steel plant is enclosed as Fig 2.3. C2-5

43 2.4 Project Description with Process Details M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. is presently having a kiln of capacity x 90 TPD Sponge Iron Plant to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). As a part of their expansion program the company would like to install additional x 90 TPD with 2 x 2 t of Induction Furnaces, 5 t Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF) and Continuous Casting Machine (CCM) to produce billet as a final product. To keep the initial investment in optimum level, the production capacity of the plant has been fixed as about 72,000 TPA. The above capacity will be made by updating the existing facilities and augmentation of additional kiln and melting facilities of suitable capacity, installing billet caster to produce billet. The flow diagram of Manufacturing Process & Mass Balance diagram and the plant layout plan is enclosed as Figure 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. The description of manufacturing process is given below:- C2-6

44 Fig: 2.2 Manufacturing Process & Mass Balance Diagram C2-7

45 Fig: 2.3 Layout Plan Sponge Iron Process This process utilizes non-coking coal as reducing agent along with lumpy rich grade iron ore. The reduction is carried out in an inclined horizontal rotary kiln, which rotates at a predetermined speed. DRI gases flow counter-current to the kiln feed. The temperature at the product discharge end in a rotary kiln is about o C compared to o C towards the feed end. The counter-current flow of hot DRI gases enables it to remove the moisture content from feed. The hot DRI gases contains huge amount of fine dust comprising oxides and unburned carbon and toxic carbon monoxide. The raw C2-8

46 material feed side of rotary DRI Kiln has a natural structure below the After Burner Chamber (ABC) that acts as Dust Settling Chamber (DSC). About 5-20% coarse dust settles in DSC by means of gravity. In ABC, the CO content of gases is converted to CO2. This conversion process is exothermic and the temperature of gases rises to o C. A temperature profile ranging from o C is maintained along the length of the kiln at different zones and as the material flows down due to gravity the ore is reduced. The hot reduced sponge iron along with semi-burnt coal, discharged from kiln is cooled in water-cooled cylindrical rotary cooler to a temperature of degree centigrade. The discharge from cooler consisting of sponge iron, char other contaminations are passed on through magnetic separators so that sponge iron can be separated from other impurities. Later the sponge iron is screened into two size fractions i.e. 3 mm & +3 mm +3 mm fraction directly goes for usage, -3 mm fraction can be either used directly where ever it is possible or is to be briquetted by using molasses and hydrated lime as binders. The basic reactions in this process are as follows: C + O2 = CO2 CO2 + C = 2CO Fe2O3 + CO = Fe3O4 + CO2 Fe3O4 + CO = FeO + CO2 FeO + CO = Fe + CO2 Utilization of char for a centralized power generation unit For coal based sponge iron plants, disposal of char is a problem and mostly receives adverse public reaction as this is dumped in an unscientific way by C2-9

47 many small producers. Char should be mixed with coal or coal washery rejects and used as fuel for generation of power. It is a techno-economically viable option for plants having capacity of 200 TPD and above. Also the smaller capacity individual Sponge Iron Plants (Capacity up to 00 TPD) and operating in clusters can collectively install common unit for power generation. Char can be sold to local entrepreneurs for making coal briquettes. It can also be mixed with coal fines, converted to briquettes and can be used in brick kilns. Principle of melting in Induction Furnace (IF) The principle of melting in induction furnace is that the electrical coil surrounding the cylindrical crucible acts as primary and the metallic charge as secondary. When an electrical current is passed through the primary coils, the electromagnetic field cause induced current to flow through the metallic charge, making it melt. As soon as pool of liquid metal from the scrap charged in the furnace has been formed a pronounced stirring action takes place in the molten metal, which helps to accelerate further melting of charge. The melting is rapid comparing to other processes with only a slight loss of easily oxidisable elements. In fact there is hardly any loss of alloying elements. Induction Furnace (IF) construction The shape of furnace is like a vertical cylindrical crucible made of refractory ramming mass. It is fitted in a steel shell suitably insulated. Between the shell and refractory crucible winding of copper tubing is placed. Fire bricks are placed at the bottom of the shell, and the space between steel former and the coil is rammed with fine grains of acidic or basic refractory material. The steel former melts during the melting of charge in the crucible. Induction furnace (IF) operation C2-0

48 When the electrical current is switched on, the eddy currents developed between primary copper coil and heavier secondary current in the metallic charge melt the charge to the desired temperature. The entire process of melting is taking place silently without any noise pollution. No serious refining for adjustment of chemistry or removing the non-metallic inclusion is carried out. Normally the steel melting scrap of good quality is used. In an empty furnace, first 0 to 5% scrap is charged on the melting of which continuous charging of sponge iron at 00 to 30 kg/min. rate is commenced. Sponge iron and scrap charging sequence is decided by the Induction Furnace. Towards end of the heat, sponge iron charging is discontinued and heat completed by addition of steel scrap. However, to get the desired chemistry of bath, some additions are made. In case carbon in bath is high, low carbon sponge iron is added to reduce it. It will also dilute sulphur and phosphorous contents. In the sponge iron, phosphorus still exists in the oxide form even after reduction. In this way, a distribution of phosphorus between the slag and metal phase corresponding to the equilibrium is attained. This is one of the essential advantages of sponge iron as compared to scrap. A typical coreless Induction Furnace is shown below. Electro-dynamic Circulation C2- Magnetic Field and Electro-dynamic

49 of Metal in the Crucible of an Induction Furnace Forces acting in the Crucible of an Induction Furnace M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. is presently having a kiln of capacity x 90 TPD Sponge Iron Plant to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). As a part of their expansion program the company would like to install additional x 90 TPD with 2 x 2 t of Induction Furnaces, 5 t Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF) and Continuous Casting Machine (CCM) to produce billet as a final product. To keep the initial investment in optimum level, the production capacity of the plant has been fixed as about 72,000 TPA. This project is based on the concept of continuous casting machine with hot charging of molten metal at degree Celsius directly to the rolling mill without reheating by the reheating furnace thus avoiding any coal/fuel operated reheating thus resulting into pollution less production of the end product. However, provision of oil fired reheating furnace has been kept as standby. A typical CCM is shown below. C2-2

50 Induction Furnace Induction furnaces have increased in capacity to where modern high-powerdensity induction furnaces are competing successfully with electric arc furnace. However, fewer chemical reactions are possible in induction furnaces compared to an arc furnace; melt analysis control in induction furnace is not possible. The melt will generally be as per the composition of charge mix selected. Induction melting is more sensitive to quality of charge materials when compared an electric arc furnace, limiting the types of scrap that can be melted. The inherent induction stirring provides excellent metal homogeneity. Induction melting produces a fraction of the fumes that result from melting in an electric arc furnace (heavy metal fumes and particulate emissions). A new generation of industrial induction melting furnaces has been developed during the last 25 years. The development of flexible, constant powertracking, medium-frequency induction power supplies has resulted in the widespread use of the batch melting methods in modern foundries / steel plants. These power units incorporate heavy duty silicon-controlled rectifiers that are able to generate both the frequency and the amperage needed for batch melting and are able to achieve electrical efficiency levels exceeding 97%, a substantial improvement over the 85% efficiency typical of induction power supplies of the 970s. The new designs allow maximum utilization of furnace power throughout the melting cycle with good control of stirring. Some of the largest commercial units are capable of melting at nearly 60 t per hour and small furnaces with very high power densities of 700 to,000 kwh/ t can now melt a cold charge in 30 to 35 minutes. Medium Frequency Induction Furnace (MFIF) technology is well established in India. Its advantages are production of general quality steel products at a lower investment, lower gestation period, technology suitable at a lower C2-3

51 production level, higher metallic yield, less pollution etc and where high quality steel production is neither necessary nor proposed. The operating cost of MFIF process, however, depends mainly on the aimed product quality, cost of charge-mix and electric power tariff. It is important to note that a MFIF is basically a melting tool and no appreciable refining is possible and envisaged in the furnace crucible. The chemical quality of liquid steel produced in MFIF (particularly with respect to phosphorous, tramp elements, etc) is therefore, controlled largely by dilution of elements by selecting a proper charge-mix composition or by using selected pedigree charge mix to achieve a meltdown chemical composition close to that of the final steel grade. Further it has fairly less investment cost and lower gestation period as compared to other steel making processes as stated above. Considering the merits and demerits of the above steel making processes, the Induction Furnace process has been selected for production of steel for the proposed plant. Refining Presently, more and more steel works are carrying out final refining operations and final adjustments of chemistry and temperature in a separate vessel and use the primary units as melting and bulk refining vessel only. The correction and homogenization of steel composition and steel temperature, desulphurization, final de-carbonization and degassing can be efficiently carried out in the secondary refining vessel. Secondary refining technologies need to be selected depending on the specific requirements of products and cost effectiveness. Ladle furnace is most popular among the secondary refining units. Use of ladle furnace has come to ensure the above benefits except degassing. Ladle C2-4

52 furnace utilizes regular power transformer and therefore, electrical power consumption is not high as well as a strong grid support is not necessary unlike high power electric arc furnace. In the proposed project steel from MFIF is further treated in a Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF) for analysis and temperature correction, homogenization of chemical composition and temperature, inclusion morphology control, desulphurization, etc including holding of heat during any delay in casting operation or maintenance of sequence casting operation. The Ladle furnace will be equipped with inert gas bottom stirring facilities. Billet and Bloom Production The proposed project is aiming to produce 72,000 TPA CC billet. Balance amount billet will be produced in house. For this purpose, Continuous Casting Technology is recommended for adoption. Adoption of Continuous Casting Technology for the proposed plant has the following main advantages: Higher yield Lower investment Lower operating cost Less space Less pollution Selection of Plant Capacity & Facilities The capacity of the proposal is envisaged is around 72,000 TPA of Billet. To keep the initial investment in optimum level and to optimize of available resources it has been decided to install additional x 90 TPD kiln for sponge iron with two Induction furnaces of melting capacity 2 t and one 5 t Ladle Furnace and the combined capacity of these units is estimated at 76,000 TPA of liquid steel which is corresponding to production of 72,000 TPA of Billets. Considering tap to tap time 60 mins per IF with 2 crucibles, C2-5

53 there will be maximum no of Tapping 24 from two furnaces as with the available power it is considered to operate only one furnace at a time. Proposal The technologies in steelmaking process will be followed in this steel plant. These will include heavy duty rectifiers in Induction Melting Furnace (IF) to generate both the frequencies and amperage needed for batch melting with higher electrical efficiency, refining of steel in Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF) using IF as only melting unit, mechanical addition of flux and ferro-alloys, casting of liquid steel into billets through Continuous Casting Machine (CCM), electromagnetic stirring and Nitrogen shrouding in CCM. The main plant facilities will comprise the following facilities:- 2 x 90 TPD kiln for Sponge Iron production Two 2 t Induction Furnace, two crucibles each One 5 t Ladle Furnace One Continuous Casting Machine In addition to above the plant will have following auxiliary facilities which will include the following:- Raw material storage, like Iron ore, Coal/Lignite, dolomite, scrap, sponge iron, lime, ferro-alloys, Slag Dump and processing area Mill scale and bag filter dust storage area Main Step down Sub-station (MSDS) with local sub-stations at Steel Melting. Separate Water re-circulation facilities individually for Steel Melting and DRI kiln with makeup facilities from plant ground water network system C2-6

54 Oxygen and Nitrogen manifolds with distribution network Air compressors for Steel Melting. Air pollution control equipment with Bag Filter, necessary ducting, Chimney, etc. All the above areas and facilities will be suitably located within the plant premises Fume Extraction System (APCD i.e. Air Pollution Control Device) The proposed fume extraction will consist of primary as well secondary emission. Existing (90 TPD Kiln) Additional ( X90 TPD Kiln) (2x 2 t Induction Furnace and LRF) Material handling area ESP with stack height- 30 m ESP with stack height- 30 m Particulate Matter concentration in discharged gases will remain <50 mg/nm 3 Primary & Secondary emission Bagfilters, with stack height-- 30 m Particulate Matter concentration in discharged gases will remain <50 mg/nm 3 Dust extraction/ dust suppression system Water requirement in the existing plant and additional water requirement a) Industrial use b) Drinking, Sanitation and Horticulture purpose The water requirement for the proposed steel plant is mostly for cooling purpose with a small part of the requirement being for drinking and dust C2-7

55 suppression etc. To minimize the requirement of fresh water drawn from the source, recirculation system has been adopted. The effluent discharged from the toilet blocks will be led to soaking pit. There will be zero discharge of effluent to the outside of plant boundary. Re-circulation System To meet the cooling water and process water requirement for various technological units and auxiliary units separate recirculation network have been considered. Each network will have pump houses.each pump house will have separate group of pumps. Cold water will be supplied to the consumers and hot return water will be collected and pumped to the cooling towers. In the entire recirculation system fresh make up water will be added for making up losses. The major re-circulation systems are as follows: Kiln for sponge iron production water re-circulation system Induction Furnace Water re circulation system LRF water circulation system CCP water circulation system The main facilities of the above system will constitute pumping installations, storage reservoirs, distribution network, cooling towers where necessary etc. Total requirement of makeup water is estimated around 07 m 3 /day. Table-2.2: Water Requirement Application Exiting (m 3 /day) Additional (m 3 /day) Total (m 3 /day) ()Industrial Process (2)Domestic Total C2-8

56 Fig. 2.4: Water balance Diagram 2.5 Project Cost The total cost of Project is estimated at Rs. 55 Crores. C2-9

57 2.6 Resource Requirement 2.6. Land requirement Existing Area - 0. Ha, No additional land will be required. The proposed project will be set up in the premise of existing units. The land breakup of the existing plant is given in Table-2.3. Table 2.3: Land Breakup of the Existing Plant Site Particulars Area (sq m) Percentage (%) Plant Built Up Auxiliary Facilities Admn. Building, Shop Offices, Lab, Canteen & First Aid Roads Raw Material & Finished Product Storage Solid Waste Disposal Green Belt Guest House Total Raw Material Requirement Raw Material The raw material consumption and their mode of transportation along with source are given below in Table-2.4 & Table 2.5 respectively. C

58 Table-2.4: List of Raw Material Raw Material Exiting (TPA) Additional (TPA) Total (TPA) Iron ore Coal/Lignite Dolomite Scrap Table 2.5: Sources of Raw Materials SI.No. Vendor Name Mode of Transportation Iron ore From Barbil Rail/Road Coal/Lignite Central Coalfields Ltd., Jharkhand Rail/Road 2 Mahanadi Coal Field Ltd., Orissa Rail/Road Dolomite Rajgangpur, Orissa Rail/Road The chemical analysis of DRI and Sponge Iron are given in Table 2.7 & Table 2.8 respectively. Table 2.6: Chemical Analysis of Iron Ore Fe (T) SiO2+ Al2O3 S P 64 % min 5.0 % max 0.0 % max 0.04 max Table 2.7: Chemical Analysis of Coal FC Volatile Matter Ash Moisture C2-2 2

59 45 % % 28 % max 5 % max Table 2.8: Typical specification for Limestone CaO + MgO SiO2+ Al2O3 45 % min 5 % max Water Requirement The total water requirement (Existing & Proposed of the plant after expansion) will be 07 m 3 /day, which is source from existing bore well as shown in Table Energy / Power requirement Power Supply System I C Existing Power Demand : 600 KVA Additional Demand: 9.4 MVA Total : 0 MVA Source Damodar Valley Corporation Table 2.9: Energy Balance Sl.No Description Unit Quantity Energy Input.0 Electric Power Mcal/t of long product Chemical energy (process ) Mcal/t of long product Liquid Fuel** Mcal/t of long product Sensible heat of preheated Air Mcal/t of long product Heat of scale formation Mcal/t of long product 5.9

60 TOTAL Mcal/t of long product II Energy Output.0 Transmission loss Mcal/t of long product Cooling loss Mcal/t of long product 5.90 (Equipment) 3.0 Slag loss Mcal/t of long product Scrap loss Mcal/t of long product Waste Gases Mcal/t of long product Radiation Losses Mcal/t of long product Opening losses Mcal/t of long product Evaporation Losses Mcal/t of long product during cooling 9.0 Sensible heat of Final Mcal/t of long product 7.49 Product Total Unaccounted Process Mcal/t of long product 4.90 Loss ** HSD The energy consumption of integrated steel plants by developed countries is 4500 to 5500 Mcal/tcs.(Working Group of Planning Commission). The energy consumed by the present plant is Mcal/t of long product being a secondary producer Man Power Requirement After expansion of the plant the total manpower will be approximately Sources of Pollution Table 2.0: Sources and types of Pollution C

61 Sl.No. Units Operation Emission released/ Waste generated Raw Material Handling Stock piling, crushing, screening, conveyor transfer & charging, etc Temperature: Ambient - Fugitive Dust emission - Noise Types of Pollution - Air - Land - Noise 2 Induction Furnace & LRF treatment Charging, melting, de carb. de-phos,etc followed by LRF treatment - CO, NO2, SO2 - Dust - Slag - Air - Air /land -Land - solid waste - Steam - Air / 3 CCM Plant Casting of liquid steel into solid billets, 4 (2 x 90TPD) Kiln for Sponge Iron Reduction of Iron Ore - Scale, grease & lubricant in hot water - Cooling water (closed circuit) - Tundish slag CO, NO2, SO2 Char Ash thermal - Water / land - Thermal Air / thermal Noise Solid waste C

62 The existing flue gases from the kiln arrest in ESP, the stack height of ESP is 30 m. The same setup will be installed after installation of additional x 90 TPD kiln. Fumes generated in the Induction Furnace shall be captured through a roof mounted suction hood which will be of swiveling type. Provision for secondary emission control from IF during charging/tapping will be provided by side hoods. Similarly, fumes generated in the LRF shall be captured through an overhead/side hood. The gases from the Induction & LRF shall be mixed before passing through Spark Arrestor to catch any burning particle before entry to Pulse Jet Bag Filter provided for dust cleaning purpose. Due to ingress of ambient air into suction hoods of Induction furnace and LRF and forced draft coolers, the temperature of the gas before inlet to Bag filter shall be around 40deg C. The bag house shall be efficient for filtration of dust by high pressure compressed air pulses. Dust content in the exhaust air shall be limited to 50mg/Nm 3 or less. Dust collected in the Spark Arrestor & Bag House shall be transported to an overhead storage bin through screw conveyors and bucket elevator. The discharge end of dust storage bins shall be provided with air lock valves. A pug mill shall be provided for converting the dust to pellets/balls for further handling & disposal. The clean & cool gas from the bag house shall be exhausted through a chimney by an Induced draft (ID) fan. The height of the self supporting chimney shall be 30 m and will be provided with lightning arrestor, aviation lightings, and stair ways with provision of measuring dust level in the exhaust gas. C

63 Another bag filter system has been provided for dust and fumes generated in ladle repair shop and raw material handling area. (A) Air Pollution Control Table 2.: Existing & Proposed Pollution Mitigation System Existing (90 TPD Kiln) ESP with stack height- 30 m Proposed (2 x 90 TPD Kiln) ESP with stack height- 30 m Particulate Matter concentration in discharged gases will remain <50 mg/nm 3 2 x 2T Induction Primary & Secondary emission Bagfilters, with stack height-- 30 m Furnace and LRF) Particulate Matter concentration in discharged gases will remain <50 mg/nm 3 Material handling area Dust extraction/ dust suppression system The measures to control the air pollution will ensure the ambient air quality standards as laid down by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial and mixed-use areas. The systems proposed for the air pollution control will provide acceptable environment condition in the working areas. The technological equipment and process have been selected with the above objective. However, the ambient air pollution in the surrounding area will depend on other industries in the area. Depending upon the quality of emission from different sources, suitable air control systems will be provided. (B) Noise Pollution Control System C

64 Noise is generated from drives, fans, compressors, vibrations from rotating machines and from furnaces. Noise level shall be 75dB (A) maximum at m distance from the noise emitting unit. Many operations in the plant will produce objectionable level of noise, which may not be practicable to eliminate entirely, but in most areas it can be brought down to the acceptable level. Various measures proposed to reduce the noise pollution include reduction of noise at source, provision of acoustic lagging for an equipment.some areas where due to technological process, it is not feasible to bring down the noise level within acceptable limits, personnel working in these areas will be provided with noise reduction aid such as ear muffler and also the duration of exposure of the personnel will be limited as per the norms. Guidelines for Noise Control Measures are: Providing insulating caps and aids at exit of noise source on the machinery. Using material like thin rubber or lead sheets to wrap work places like, DG sets etc. Adopting efficient flow techniques for noise associated with high fluid velocity and turbulence. Acoustic sealing, providing shock-absorbing techniques, inlet and outlet mufflers. Providing absorbing material on roofs, walls and floors to reduce reflected noise. Isolation of noise emitting unit in a separate acoustic proof premises such as in case of compressors, blowers, etc. (C) Water Pollution Control C

65 The measures envisaged for water pollution are expected to contain the water pollution as no discharges are anticipated. By adoption of the following schemes in general: Re-circulation water in the process Providing adequate treatment units for removal of the suspended and colloidal matter. Neutralization of acidic water by lime Treated and cleaned water is then reused for green belt/dust suppression/slag cooling. (D) Solid Wastes The char generated from kiln will be sold to power plant operator for using char as a fuel. Slag generated from induction furnace & LRF will be cooled, solidified and crushed to recover steel and balance reused/sold to Contractor for filling of low lying lands, etc. All other dust generated in the plant including raw material handling system and steel plant will be dumped for disposal Steel scraps generated in steel melting shop, continuous casting plant will be recycled for melting. Extensive pollution control measures have been envisaged for minimizing the dust pollution of the plant. Debris and muck generated in the plant will be collected and dumped in the dumping area for periodic disposal. This point is further elaborated in Table-2.. C

66 Table 2.2: Quantity of Solid Waste and their mode of disposal (for Existing & Proposed) S.No. Item Non Hazardous waste Dust from ESP of DRI kiln Kiln accretion waste IF +LRF Slag Refractory Bricks Existing quantity of solid waste Generated (TPA) Total quantity of solid waste after expansion (TPA) Method of Disposal Possible Use Sold to Contractor Dust shall be sold to cement-ash block manufacturing units Sold to Contractor Used in Road making Char Steel Scrap - 2, Dust from Air Pollution Control System Road making, Crushed to recover filling iron and low lying areas reused/sold to and as railway Contractor ballast Refractory Sold to Contractor Manufacturing Plants Alternative fuel Sold to Power for power Plant Operators generation Mixed with raw material for Reuse in the Induction plant. Furnaces Will be packed in HDPE bags and Dry dust is used used for land in cement plant filling as not making. found hazardous during TCLP. C

67 Dump Yard In order to prevent leaching of injurious metals and contamination of ground water as well as surface water, a garland drain around the dump yard is planned with collection of storm water into a pit. The collected water will be tested from time to time for traces of any undesirable element. If the test result is found beyond the permissible limits, then the same shall be treated before discharging to meet the statutory requirements. (E) Thermal Pollution Considerable thermal pollution takes place due to handling of high temperature materials, liquid steel, slag, hot gasses, etc including generation of heat due to friction in a machine and burning of fuel for heating of ladles, tundish etc. Temperature rise is also expected in closed premises due to accumulation of heat viz. at the EOT crane level, etc. Heat within covered premises could be controlled by providing suitable ventilation and air conditioning system. Personal exposure to hot materials such as liquid steel, liquid slag should be reduced by wearing heat proof apron, hand gloves, leg guards, goggles, etc. Table-2.3: List of Industries in & around 0 Km (Radius) area Sr. No. Name of Industries Manufacturing. Steel Authority of India Limited Steel 2. J. P. Cement Cement 3. Hanumman Alloy Pvt. Ltd. Alloy 4. Uday Vijay Steel Pvt. Ltd. Steel 5. Ashok Industries Wooden pallets, Steel pallets & other warehousing equipments. 6. Raja Industries Oil mill, golden atta 7. Chhinmastika Steel Industries Steel C2-30

68 Fig 2.5: Pillar Co-ordinate of the Project Site C2-3

69 Fig 2.6: Drainage pattern of the study area (0 Km Radius) C2-32

70 Fig 2.7: DEM of Sundaram Steel study area (0 Km Radius) C2-33

71 CHAPTER-3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3. Introduction This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers the area within 0km radius around the proposed expansion project site. The existing environmental setting is considered to judge of the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydrogeology aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socioeconomic profiles of people and land use. The objective of this section is to define the present environmental status which would help in assessing the environmental impacts due to the proposed project. This report incorporates the baselines data generated through primary survey covering one season i.e. post-monsoon, st October, 204 to 3 st December, 204. The descriptions of the existing environmental quality with monthly variations are depicted in the following sections. 3.2 Geomorphology and Hydrogeology 3.2. Geomorphology The Bokaro district is part of Chhotanagpur Plateau. It is highly undulating and hilly all over the district. The regional slope of the district is towards east and controlled the alignment of the tributaries of Damodar River. The hill ranges trending WNW ESE. The average elevation of the undulating pediplain ranges from m above MSL. The highest hill prominent block is Gomia. The northern and western part of the district is having hilly ranges. Chas and Chandankiyari are low upland where cultivation is practiced. C3-

72 3.2.2 Hydrogeology Groundwater in the district is mainly replenished by the atmospheric precipitation. Influent seepages from canal, streams and other surface water bodies, also contribute to the groundwater in the district. The hydrogeological condition of the district is very complicated due to vide variability of geology, topography, drainage and mining activity. The district of Bokaro can be sub divided broadly into two hydrogeological units:- a) Fissured Formation b) Porus Formation or Unconsolidated Formation Based on the degree of consolidation the fissured formation can be further sub divided into two namely:- (i) Consolidated Formation: Groundwater occurs in the area under confined to semi confined conditions. The fracture, linaments are found to be an effective factor in facilitating groundwater movement and storage. (ii) Semi Consolidated Formation: Groundwater occur in this formation under confined to semi confined condition. These are found in the central part of the district. Unconsolidated Formation: It occupies the low laying area covered with recent alluvium deposited mainly by Damodar, Konar and Jamunia rivers. The ground water occurs in these areas under water table condition. 3.3 Methodology Appropriate methodologies have been followed in developing the EIA / EMP report. Conducted reconnaissance surveys for knowing the study area, and sampling locations have been selected for conducting various environmental baseline studies on the basis of the following: Predominant wind directions recorded by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Bokaro. C3-2

73 Existing topography. Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like lakes/ ponds, rivers and streams Location of villages/ towns / sensitive areas, and Areas, which represent baseline conditions. The field observations have been used to: Assess the positive and negative impacts due to the existing and proposed project, Suggesting appropriate mitigation measures for negating the adverse environmental impacts, if any; and Suggesting post project monitoring requirement and suitable mechanism for it. 3.4 Meteorology The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input prediction models for air quality dispersion. A meteorological station equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed on at project site, at a height 7.0 m above ground level to record wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region. The year broadly be divided into four seasons Winter season : December to February Pre Monsoon : March to May Monsoon Season : June to September Post monsoon : October to December C3-3

74 On site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the site specific data. Data was collected at every hour continuously from st October, 204 to 3st December, Meteorological Data Generated at site The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study period and parameters like wind speed, wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperatures, relative humidity, rainfall, and the maximum, minimum values for all the parameters except wind direction are presented in Table 3.. Table 3.: Summary of Meteorological Data ( st October, 204 to 3 st December, 204) Month October 204 November 204 December 204 Wind Speed Temperature ( C) Relative Rainfall (mm) (km/h) Humidity Calm (%) Max Min Max Min Avg (%) Total No. Monthly of Average rainy Days 77* < < ** < *2 st October, 204; **25 th December, 204. Windrose :- The windrose for the study period representing post-monsoon is as obtained from IMD Climatological Data Book for deciding locations of AAQ monotoring stations is shown in Figure C3-4

75 Figure 3.: Wind-rose diagrams for day-night (combined) Overall (Seasonal), the predominant wind direction is West followed by South West. Calm conditions prevailed for 22.0 % of the time. 3.5 Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality with respect to the study area of 0 km radius around the proposed expansion project site forms the base line information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to C3-5

76 assess the existing ambient air quality of the area which includes the emissions from the existing plant. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adapted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The AAQ monitoring has been carried out in the study area ( st October to 3 st December, 204) covering post- monsoon season Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey Selection of sampling locations The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations: Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale Topography of the study area Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and Representative of likely impact areas. After calculating probability of pollution in potential monitoring stations, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at 8 locations as desired by TOR and with due consideration to the above mentioned point. Coverage Factor method (ref. R.E.Munn) was used to screen 8 stations among the potential stations all around the project within 0 km study area. Table- 3.2 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station. The following formula was used: Cij= Where, Cij=coverage factor of i th. potential station in the j th down wind direction C3-6

77 Di=distance of i th potential station In case of multiple sources, this can be done considering each source by developing a simple excel sheet. The potential stations with higher coverage factor were selected as candidate stations with numbers as decided in TOR. The location of the selected stations with reference to the project site is given in the above table and shown in Figure Frequency and Parameters for Sampling Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per week at each location representing post-monsoon season ( st October to 3 st December, 204) the baseline data of air environment has been generated for the following parameters-: Particulate Matter (PM0) Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) PAH C3-7

78 Fig 3.2: Air Quality Sampling Location C3-8

79 Table 3.2: Details of Ambient Air Quality locations Station Name of the Distance from Project Direction Code station site (km ) AAQ Project site 0 0 AAQ2 Marafari 3.0 E AAQ3 Balidih.5 WNW AAQ4 Bokaro Steel City 8.0 E AAQ5 ARS Republic 7.0 SE School AAQ6 Near NH SW AAQ7 Rajabera 8.0 N AAQ8 Near Garga Dam 4.0 S Note: Distance & direction were measured w.r.t to centre of existing plot area Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per week at each location representing post-monsoon season ( st October to 3 st December, 204) the baseline data of air environment has been generated for the following parameters Particulate Matter (PM0) Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) PAH Duration of Sampling The duration of sampling of PM 0, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 was each twenty four hourly continuous sampling per day and CO was sampled for hour averaging C3-9

80 time at various intervals. PAH as Benzo-a pyrine (BaP) was analyzed from PM0 samples. The monitoring was conducted for two days in a week for three months. This is to allow a comparison with present standards mentioned in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The ambient air quality parameters along with their frequency of sampling are given in Table 3.3 Table 3.3: Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling Parameters Sampling Frequency Particulate matter (PM0) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Particulate matter (PM2.5) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Carbon Monoxide (CO) hourly samples at various intervals for 24 hour twice a week for three months PAH from Particulate 24 hourly sample twice a week for three matter (PM0) months Method of Analysis The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 582 and American Public Health Association (APHA) Instruments used for sampling Respirable Dust Samplers and Fine dust sampler have been used for monitoring Particulate Matter (PM0) and (PM2.5), gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2. Pulse pump and Mylar bags were used for collection of carbon monoxide. NDIR techniques have been used for the estimation of CO Instruments used for Analysis C3-0

81 The make and model of the instruments used for analysis of the samples collected during the field monitoring are given In Table 3.4. Table 3.4: Instruments Used For Analysis of Samples Sr. No Instrument Name Parameters Spectrophotometer SO2, NO2 2 Analytical Balance PM0, PM2.5 3 CO Analyzer (NDIR ) CO 4 GC-MS PAH as Benzo-a pyrine (BaP) Sampling and Analytical techniques The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable levels are given below Table 3.5. Sr. No Table 3.5: Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Parameters Techniques Technical protocol Minimum detectable limit ( μg/m 3 ) 5 PM0 Respirable Dust Samplers (Gravimetric Dust Samplers) IS- 582 (Part- XXIII) 2 PM2.5 Fine Dust Samplers Gravimetric 5 (Gravimetric method) method 3 Sulphur Modified West and IS- 582(Part-II) 5 dioxide Gaeke Method 4 Nitrogen Modified Jacob & IS- 582(Part- 6 Dioxide Hochheiser (Na- VI) 5 Carbon Monoxide 7 PAH as Benzoa pyrine (BaP Arsenite ) Method NDIR method IS- 582(Part-X) 60 Gas Chromatography -Mass Spectrophotometry IS582 Part- XII:2004 (ng/m 3 ) C3-

82 3.5.5 Presentation of Primary Data The summary of these results for each location representing post-monsoon season are presented in Table 3.6. These are compared by Central Pollution Board (CPCB) for industrial and rural / residential zone. Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Results Location Name: Project Site Location Code: AAQ- Unit µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) Location Name: Marafari Location Code: AAQ-2 Unit µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile C3-2

83 NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) Location Name : Balidih Location Code : AAQ-3 Unit µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) Location Name: Bokaro Steel City Location Code : AAQ-4 Unit µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring C3-3

84 except CO) Location Name: ARS Republic School Location Code: AAQ-5 Unit µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) Location Name: Near NH-23 Location Code: AAQ-6 Unit µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) Location Name : Rajabera Location Code : AAQ-7 C3-4

85 units µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) Location Name: Near Garga Dam Location Code : AAQ-8 units µg/m 3 Parameters PM 2.5 PM 0 SO 2 NO 2 CO Minimum Maximum Average Percentile NAAQS (For 24 hourly monitoring except CO) The values of PM0 and PM 2.5 recorded is higher than the NAAQS for Industrial, residential, rural and other areas due to pollution from Bokaro Steel Plant and other units in the Industrial Estate. All other pollutants are well C3-5

86 within the NAAQS.As can be seen in chapter 4, the contribution of the project on the background GLC of PM0 is negligible due to measures being proposed. Total SO2 will also remain within NAAQS Characterization of RSPM The Respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM-PM0) has been analyzed for various chemical constituents. The benzene soluble fraction is found to be below detectable limit in the RSPM. The characteristics of RSPM are shown in Table 3.7. Table 3.7: Characterization of RSPM Parameters Unit Plant Site Marafar i Balidi h Bokar o Steel City ARS Republi c School Near NH- 23 Rajaber a Near Garga Dam RSPM µg/m Zn ng/m Ni ng/m l Fe µg/m Pb µg/m Cd µg/m 3 6 Cr µg/m 3 7 Na µg/m K µg/m Benzo(a)Pyren e ng/m <0.5 < <0.5 < Water Environment 3.6. Water Quality Water quality assessment is one of the essential components of EIA study. Such assessment helps in evaluating the existing health of water body and suggesting appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the potential impact from proposed projects. Water quality of ground water has been studied in C3-6

87 order to assess proposed water-uses in construction, drinking, cooling and horticulture purpose. The water quality at the site and other locations within the 0 km impact zone was monitored during st October to 3 st December, 204. The locations of the monitoring sites are depicted in Figure 3.3, 3.4, Table 3.9 and the result of the monitoring and analysis is presented in the Table 3.0 to Sampling Frequency and Sampling Techniques Parameters for analysis of water quality were selected based on the utility of the particular source of water as per MoEF&CC guideline. Hence quality of ground water was compared with IS: 0500: 99 (Reaffirmed 993 With Amendment NO -3 July 200) for drinking purposes. Surface water quality was analyzed for parameters as mentioned in the Methods of Monitoring & Analysis published by CPCB and it was rated according to the CPCB Water Quality Criteria against A, B, C, D, & E class of water based on parameters identified in the criteria. Water samples were collected as grab water sample from sampling location in a 5 liter plastic jerry cane and 250 ml sterilized clean glass/pet bottle for complete physico-chemical and bacteriological tests respectively. The samples were analyzed as per standard procedure / method given in IS: 3025 (Revised Part) and standard method for examination of water and wastewater Ed. 2st, published jointly APHA, AWWA and WPCF. 8 ground water and 8 surface water samples were collected as per TOR requirements. The surface water quality is compared with CPCB water quality criteria mentioned below:- C3-7

88 Table 3.8: Water Quality Criteria as per Central Pollution Control Board Designated-Best- Use Class water of Criteria Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection Outdoor (Organized) Drinking source conventional treatment disinfection bathing water after and Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal Below-E A Total Coliforms Organism MPN/00ml shall be 50 or less ph between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20 C 2mg/l or less B Total Coliforms Organism MPN/00ml shall be 500 or less; ph between 6.5 and 8.5; Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20 C 3mg/l or less C Total Coliform Organism MPN/00ml shall be 5000 or less; ph between 6 to 9; Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20 C 3mg/l or less D ph between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N).2 mg/l or less E ph between 6.0 to 8.5 Electrical Conductivity at 25 C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Sodium Absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2mg/l Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria As per the standard practice, one sample from each station was taken each month in the study period. Sampling was done by standard sampling C3-8

89 technique as per the Standard Methods. Necessary precautions were taken for preservation of samples. Table 3.9: Water Sampling Locations Code Location Distance from Direction Proposed Site (km) Surface Water SW Damodar River (Upstream) 7.5 NNE SW 2 Damodar River (Downstream) 6.7 NNE SW 3 Nalla near project site (U.S) 0.22 W SW 4 Nalla near project site (D.S) 0.22 N SW 5 Confluence Point of nalla near project site 0.34 N SW 6 Tenughat River Tributory 4.0 NE SW 7 Garga Dam 4.3 S SW 8 Pond Near Project Site 2.0 NE Ground Water Code Location Distance from Direction Proposed Site (km) GW Project site 0 Center GW2 Marafari 3.0 E GW3 Balidih.5 WNW GW4 Bokaro Steel City 8.0 E GW5 ARS Republic School 7.0 SE C3-9

90 Code Location Distance from Direction Proposed Site (km) GW6 Near NH SW GW7 Rajabera 8.0 N GW8 Near Garga Dam 4.0 S Presentation of Results The results of the parameters analyzed for the 8 ground water and 8 surface water samples are presented in Table 3.0 to Table 3.5 respectively and are compared with IS: (Reaffirmed 993 With Amendment No. -3 July 200) Specification for drinking water and CPCB Water Quality Criteria against A, B, C, D, & E class of water for quality of surface water respectively. C3-20

91 Fig: 3.3 Ground Water Sampling Locations C3-2

92 S. N o Parameter Limit (IS- 0500:202) Desi rabl e Limi t Table 3.0: Ground Water Quality Oct-204 Permi ssible Limit Colour 5 5 Agre eabl 2 Odour e 3 Taste Agre eabl e 4 Turbidity 5 Un it Ha zen Agreea ble - Agreea ble - NT U 5 ph Total Hardness 6 (as CaCO3) Iron (as Fe) 0.3 No Relaxa tion Chlorides 8 (as Cl) Fluoride (as F ).5 0 TDS Calcium(as Ca2+) Magnesium 2 (as Mg2+) Copper (as 3 Cu) Manganese 4 (as Mn) Sulphate 5 (as SO4) Nitrate(as NO3) 45 GW GW 2 GW3 GW4 GW-5 GW- 6 GW- 7 GW- 8 Bok ARS aro Publi Near Proj stee c Near Raj Garg ect Marf Bali l Scho NH- abe a Site ari dh city ol 23 ra Dam <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agree able Agree able Agre eable Agre eable Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eable Agre eable < < < < < < < < No Relaxa tion No Relaxa tion mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l Phenolic mg 0 C3-22

93 7 Compound s (as C6H5OH) Mercury (as Hg) Cadmium (as Cd) /l No Relaxa tion No Relaxa tion No Selenium ( Relaxa as Se) 0.0 tion Arsenic (as As) Cyanide (as CN ) 0.05 No Relaxa tion No Relaxa tion Lead (as Pb) 0.0 Zinc (as Zn) 5 5 Anionic Detergent (as MBAS) 0.2 Chromium (as Cr6+) 0.05 No Relaxa tion No 2 7 Mineral oil 0.5 Relaxa tion 2 Alkalinity 8 (as CaCO3) Aluminum 9 (as Al) Boron (as 0 B) 0.5 Bacteriological Parameter Total Coliform 2 E. coli MPN /00 ml E. col i /00 ml mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable mg /l <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. mg /l mg /l mg /l Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Detec ted (<2) Absen t Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Det ecte d (<2) Abs ent Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt C3-23

94 S. No Parameter Limit (IS- 0500:202) Desir able Limit Table 3.: Ground Water Quality Nov- 204 Permi ssible Limit Colour Odour 3 Taste Agree able Agree able 4 Turbidity 5 Uni t Haz en Agreea ble - Agreea ble - NT U 5 ph Total Hardness 6 (as CaCO3) Iron (as Fe) 0.3 No Relaxa tion Chlorides 8 (as Cl) Fluoride (as F ).5 0 TDS Calcium(as Ca2+) Magnesium 2 (as Mg2+) Copper (as 3 Cu) Manganese 4 (as Mn) Sulphate 5 (as SO4) No Nitrate(as Relaxa 6 NO3) 45 tion Phenolic 7 Compound GW GW2 GW3 GW 4 GW-5 GW- 6 GW -7 GW- 8 Nea Bok ARS r aro Publi Gar Proj stee c Near Raj ga ect Marf Balid l Scho NH- abe Da Site ari ih city ol 23 ra m <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eable Agre eable Agre eable Agre eable Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agree able Agree able Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agr eea ble < < < < < < < < No Relaxa tion mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg <0. <0. /l 0 0 mg /l mg /l mg /l mg 0 <0. <0. /l C3-24

95 s (as C6H5OH) Mercury (as Hg) 0.00 Cadmium (as Cd) No Relaxa tion No Relaxa tion No Selenium ( Relaxa as Se ) 0.0 tion Arsenic (as As) Cyanide (as CN ) 0.05 No Relaxa tion No Relaxa tion Lead (as Pb) 0.0 Zinc (as Zn) 5 5 Anionic Detergent (as MBAS) 0.2 Chromium (as Cr6+) 0.05 No Relaxa tion 27 Mineral oil 0.5 No Relaxa tion Alkalinity 28 (as CaCO3) Aluminum 29 (as Al) Boron (as 30 B) 0.5 Bacteriological Parameter Total Coliform 2 E. coli MPN/ 00ml E. coli /00 ml mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 0 < <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 0 < <0. 0 <0. 0 mg /l <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. mg /l mg <0. <0. /l 0 0 mg /l Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Detec ted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Det ecte d (<2) Abs ent Not Det ecte d (<2) Abs ent C3-25

96 S. N o Parameter Table 3.2: Ground Water Quality Dec Limit (IS- 0500:202) Desir able Limit Permis sible Limit Colour Odour 3 Taste Agree able Agree able 4 Turbidity 5 Un it Ha zen Agreeab le - Agreeab le - NT U 5 ph Total Hardness (as 6 CaCO3) Iron (as Fe) 0.3 No Relaxati on Chlorides (as 8 Cl) Fluoride (as F ).5 0 TDS Calcium(as Ca2+) Magnesium 2 (as Mg2+) Copper (as 3 Cu) Manganese(a 4 s Mn) Sulphate (as 5 SO4) Nitrate(as NO3) 45 GW GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW- 5 GW -6 GW -7 GW- 8 Nea Bok ARS r aro Publi Nea Gar Proj stee c r Raj ga ect Marf Bali l Scho NH- ab Da Site ari dih city ol 23 era m <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eabl e No Relaxati on No Relaxati on Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agre eabl e Agre eabl e Agre eable Agre eable Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agr eea ble Agr eea ble < < < < < < < < mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg <0. <0. <0. <0. /l mg /l mg /l mg /l C3-26

97 Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH) Mercury (as Hg) 0.00 Cadmium (as Cd) No Relaxati on No Relaxati on No Selenium ( as Se ) 0.0 Relaxati on Arsenic (as As) Cyanide (as CN ) 0.05 No Relaxati on No Relaxati on 2 3 Lead (as Pb) Zinc (as Zn) 5 5 Anionic 2 Detergent 5 (as MBAS) Chromium (as Cr6+) 0.05 No Relaxati on No Relaxati on 2 7 Mineral oil Alkalinity (as 8 CaCO3) Aluminum 9 (as Al) Boron (as B) 0.5 Bacteriological Parameter Total Coliform 2 E. coli MPN/ 00m l E. coli /00 ml mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l mg /l Shall not be detectable Shall not be detectable <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 0 <0. 0 < < <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 0 < <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 0 < <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 00 <0. 0 <0. 0 <0. 0 < <0. 0 <0. 0 mg /l <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. mg 0 /l mg <0. <0. <0. <0. /l mg /l Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Det ecte d (<2) Abs ent Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Dete cted (<2) Abse nt Not Det ecte d (<2) Abs ent Not Det ect ed (<2 ) Ab sen t Not Det ecte d (<2) Abs ent C3-27

98 Observation: The water quality in the impact zone was assessed through physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of ground water samples. The results have been compared with the drinking water quality standards specified in IS: It was observed that all the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in ground water samples are below stipulated drinking water standards. All the ground water samples analyzed can be considered fit for drinking purpose in the absence of alternate sources. The results of analysis of surface water are also given in Table 3.3 to Table 3.5. C3-28

99 Fig: 3.4 Surface Water Sampling Locations C3-29

100 Table 3.3: Surface Water Quality October 204 S.W. S.W. 2 S.W. 3 S.W. 4 S.W. 5 S.W. 6 S.W. 7 S.W. 8 Nall Nall Conflu a a Pon ence S. Dam Dam nea nea Tenu d Point Gar No Parameter Unit odar odar r r ghat nea of ga. Rive Rive proj proj River r nalla Da r r ect ect Tribu Proj near m (U.S) (D.S) site site tory ect projec (U.S (D.S Site t site ) ) ph Dissolved Oxygen mg/l BOD (3 Days at C) mg/l Free Ammonia (as <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. 4 N) mg/l Sodium Adsorption Ratio mg/l 8 6 Boron mg/l µmhos Conductivity /cm Temperature ( C) 4 9 Turbidity NTU Magnessium Hardness ( as CaCO3) mg/l 2 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 2 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l sulphate (as SO4) mg/l Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l Fluoride (as F) mg/l Sodium (as Na) mg/l Potassium (as K) mg/l TKN (as N) mg/l 8 Total Phosphorous (as P) mg/l 3 20 COD mg/l Phenolic compounds mg/l 0 0 <0. C3-30

101 (as C6H5OH) <0. 22 Lead (as Pb) mg/l Iron (as Fe) mg/l 3 <0. 24 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l Zinc (as Zn) mg/l <0. 26 Arsenic (as As) mg/l <0. 27 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0. 28 Chromium (as Cr) mg/l 0 <0. 29 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 0 30 TDS mg/l Bacteriological Parameters 3 Total Coliform 32 Faecal Coliform MPN/ 00ml MPN/ 00ml Table 3.4: Surface Water Quality November 204 S.W. S.W. 2 S.W. 3 S.W. 4 S.W. 5 S.W. 6 S.W. 7 S.W. 8 Nall Nall Conflu a a Pon ence S. Dam Dam nea nea Tenu d Point Gar No Parameter Unit odar odar r r ghat nea of ga. Rive Rive proj proj River r nalla Da r r ect ect Tribu Proj near m (U.S) (D.S) site site tory ect projec (U.S (D.S Site t site ) ) ph Dissolved Oxygen mg/l BOD (3 Days at C) mg/l Free Ammonia (as <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. 4 N) mg/l Sodium Adsorption Ratio mg/l 3 6 Boron mg/l C3-3

102 µmhos Conductivity /cm Temperature ( C) 9 Turbidity NTU Magnessium Hardness ( as CaCO3) mg/l 2 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 2 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l sulphate (as SO4) mg/l Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l Fluoride (as F) mg/l Sodium (as Na) mg/l Potassium (as K) mg/l TKN (as N) mg/l 5 Total Phosphorous (as P) mg/l 20 COD mg/l Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l < Lead (as Pb) mg/l < Iron (as Fe) mg/l 2 24 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l < Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 9 26 Arsenic (as As) mg/l < Mercury (as Hg) mg/l < Chromium (as Cr) mg/l < Nickel (as Ni) mg/l < TDS mg/l Bacteriological Parameters 3 Total Coliform 32 Faecal Coliform MPN/ 00ml MPN/ 00ml C3-32

103 Table 3.5: Surface Water Quality December 204 S.W. S.W. 2 S.W. 3 S.W. 4 S.W. 5 S.W. 6 S.W. 7 S.W. 8 Nall Nall Conflu a a Pon ence S. Dam Dam nea nea Tenu d Point Gar No Parameter Unit odar odar r r ghat nea of ga. Rive Rive proj proj River r nalla Da r r ect ect Tribu Proj near m (U.S) (D.S) site site tory ect projec (U.S (D.S Site t site ) ) ph Dissolved Oxygen mg/l BOD (3 Days at C) mg/l Free Ammonia (as <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. <0. 4 N) mg/l Sodium Adsorption Ratio mg/l 6 Boron mg/l µmhos Conductivity /cm Temperature ( C) 9 Turbidity NTU Magnessium Hardness ( as CaCO3) mg/l 3 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 2 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l sulphate (as SO4) mg/l Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l Fluoride (as F) mg/l Sodium (as Na) mg/l Potassium (as K) mg/l TKN (as N) mg/l 8 Total Phosphorous (as P) mg/l 8 20 COD mg/l Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l < Lead (as Pb) mg/l <0. C3-33

104 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 9 <0. 24 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l Zinc (as Zn) mg/l 7 <0. 26 Arsenic (as As) mg/l <0. 27 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l <0. 28 Chromium (as Cr) mg/l 0 <0. 29 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 0 30 TDS mg/l Bacteriological Parameters MPN/ Total Coliform 32 Faecal Coliform 00ml MPN/ 00ml Observation: The results of the parameters (as mentioned in the above Table of use based classification of surface water) have been compared with the water quality criteria of Central Pollution Control Board. The analysis results indicate that the ph values in the range of 7.35 to 8.2, the maximum value was observed at SW4 (December, 204), minimum value was observed at SW2 (December, 204). The TDS was observed in the range of 290 to 445 mg/l, the maximum TDS values was observed at SW4 (Oct, 204), and whereas minimum values was observed at SW7 (December, 204). DO was observed to be in the range of 4.5 to 6.8 mg/l respectively. The total coliform was observed in the range of 600 MPN/00ml to 9000 MPN/00ml. C3-34

105 The results of the parameters (as mentioned in the table of use based classification of surface water) have been compared with the water quality criteria of CPCB. Sl. No. Name of River Class of River Water Damodar River (U.S) C 2 Damodar River (D.S) C 3 Others Not meeting C due to coliform C3-35

106 3.7 Soil Characteristics It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise due to the plant operations. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out Data Generation For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected up to a depth of 90 cm. The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the proposed plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives. To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics and To determine the impact on soil more importantly from agriculture productivity point of view. Eight locations within 0 km radius of the proposed expansion project plant boundary were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and methods of soil analysis, part-, 2 nd edition, 986 0f (American Society for Agronomy and soil Science of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected during post monsoon season. The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physio-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed C3-36

107 by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer. The details of the sampling locations are given in Table 3.6 and are shown in Figure 3.5 the soil quality at all locations during the study period is tabulated in Table 3.7. The results are compared with standard classification given in Table 3.8. Table 3.6: Details of Soil Sampling Locations Sr. No Location Distance from plant Direction boundary (km) SQ Project site 0 Centre SQ2 Marafari 3.0 E SQ3 Balidih.5 WNW SQ4 Bokaro Steel City 8.0 E SQ5 ARS Republic School 7.0 SE SQ6 Near NH SW SQ7 Rajabera 8.0 N SQ8 Near Garga Dam 4.0 S C3-37

108 Fig 3.5: Soil Quality Sampling Locations C3-38

109 S. No Parameters Unit Table 3.7: Soil Quality Data November 204 Project site Marafa ri Balidih Bokaro Steel City ARS Republic School Near NH- 23 Rajabe ra Near Garga Dam SQ- SQ-2 SQ-3 SQ-4 SQ-5 SQ-6 SQ-7 SQ-8 Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Clay Texture - Clay Loam Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Clay Loam Loam Clay Loam Sand % Silt % clay % ph (:2) Electrical Conductivity (:2) µmhos/ cm Cation exchange capacity meq/0 0 gm Exchangeable Potassium mg/kg Exchangeable Sodium mg/kg Exchangeable Calcium mg/kg Exchangeable Magnesium mg/kg Sodium Absorption Ratio Water Holding Capacity % Porosity % C3-39

110 Table 3.8: Standard Soil Classification S. Soil test Classification No ph < 4.5 Extremely acidic very strongly acidic moderately acidic slightly acidic Neutral moderately alkaline strongly alkaline > 9.0 very strongly 2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity µs/cm ppm = 640 µs/cm Upto.00 Average harmful to germination harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon (%) Upto 0.2 very less less medium on an average sufficient 4 Nitrogen (kg/ha) Upto 50 very less 5-00 less 0-50 good Better 300 Sufficient 5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) Upto 5 very less 6-30 less 3-50 medium 5-65 on an average sufficient sufficient sufficient 80 more than sufficient 6 Potassium (kg/ha) 0-20 very less less medium average average better 360 more than sufficient Source: - Handbook of Agriculture, ICAR New Delhi C3-40

111 Results of Analysis of the Soil Physical characteristics of soil were characterized through specific parameters viz bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, ph, electrical conductivity and texture. The Soil is sandy loam and the ph value ranging from 7.57 to 8.4 which shows that the soil is basic in nature. Potassium is found to be from 82 to 44 mg/kg. Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the soluble salts and ionic activity in the soil. In the collected soil samples the conductivity ranged from 224 to 425 µmhos/cm. The water holding capacity is found in between 25.4 % to 3.7 %. The soils with low bulk density have favorable physical condition where as those with high bulk density exhibit poor physical conditions for agriculture crop. 3.8 Noise Quality The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activities, construction activities and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community. Noise level were measured at 8 locations near residential areas, high way, commercial areas and other settlements located within 0 km radius in and around the proposed plant area. The noise monitoring stations at study area are shown in Figure 3.6 and are given in the Table 3.9. C3-4

112 Table 3.9: Details of Noise monitoring locations Sr. Noise Sampling Distance from Direction Environmental No Locations plant boundary Setting (km) NQ Project site 0.0 Centre Industrial Area NQ 2 Marafari 3.0 E Residential Area NQ 3 Balidih.5 WNW Residential Area NQ 4 Bokaro Steel City 8.0 E Industrial Area NQ 5 ARS Republic 7.0 SE Silence Zone School NQ 6 Near NH SW Residential Area NQ 7 Rajabera 8.0 N Residential Area NQ 8 Near Garga Dam 4.0 S Residential Area C3-42

113 Figure 3.6: Noise Sampling Locations C3-43

114 Observations The compiled noise levels during daytime and nighttime during the study period st October to 3 st December, 204 is given in Table It can be seen that the night time Leq (Ln) varies from 40.5 to 65.2 db (A) and the daytime Leq (Ld) varies from db (A) within the study area. Increased marginal noise level in the residential area/silence zone is due to heavy traffic in the area. However, the project site results (Industrial Zone) are within the range of 75 db (A) and 70 db (A) of day & night respectively as prescribed by the CPCB. Day time Noise level (L day) Night time Levels (L night ) Table 3.20: Noise Levels db (A) in the study area S.N o. PROJECT SITE Project site 2 Marafari 3 Balidih 4 Bokaro Steel City 5 ARS Republic School 6 Near NH-23 7 Rajabera 8 Near Garga Dam ZONE Industrial Area Residentia l Area Residentia l Area Industrial Area Silence Zone Residentia l Area Residentia l Area Residentia l Area Day time Leq (6.00AM TO 0.00PM) Night time- Leq (0.00PM TO 6.00AM) LIMIT (as per CPCB Guidelines),Leq, db(a) Observed value Leq, db(a) DAY* NIGHT* DAY* NIGHT* C3-44

115 3.9 Biological Study (Flora & Fauna) 3.9. Introduction Biological diversity comprises the variability of genus, species and ecosystems and is very crucial for maintaining the basic processes on which the life depends. Broadly it can be divided into two types i.e. floral diversity and faunal diversity. Conservation of the biodiversity is essential for the sustainable development as it not only provides the food, fodder and medicine but also contribute in improvement of essential environmental attributes like air, water, soil, etc. Before starting any Environmental Impact Assessment study, it is necessary to identify the baseline of relevant environmental parameters which are likely to be affected as a result of operation of the proposed project. A similar approach has been adopted for conducting the study on Biological Environment for this Project. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have been studied to understand the biological environment Physical Environment of the study area: This report is prepared for Ecology and Biodiversity study of project site and buffer zone of Sundaram Steel Pvt Ltd., at Village Balidih, District Bokaro, Jharkhand. Jharkhand is located in eastern India and is surrounded by Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. The state covers a geographical area of Lakhs ha. Many parts of the Jharkhand state lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. This plateau is the source of the Koel, Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai, and Subarnarekha rivers, whose upper watersheds lie within Jharkhand. Much of the state is still covered by forest. Forest reserves support the population of many wild lives. Soil content of Jharkhand state mainly consist C3-45

116 of soil formed from disintegration of rocks and stones, and soil composition is further divided into: Red soil, Micaceous soil, Sandy soil, Black soil and Laterite soil. The district Bokaro is major industrial centre and situated in the eastern part of the Jharkhand state. It is bounded in the north by the Giridih district, in the east by Dhanbad, in the south by Purulia District of West Bangal State and in the west by Hazaribagh district. The district is situated between N latitude and E longitude. Bokaro is major industrial centre and one of the important revenue-earning districts of the State. Physiography, Geology and Drainage Major part of the district is highly undulating and hilly all over the district. The regional slope of the district is towards east and controlled the alignment of the tributaries of Damodar River. The hill ranges trending WNW ESE. The average elevation of the undulating pedi plain ranges from m above MSL. The highest hill prominent block is Gomia. The northern and western part of the district is having hilly ranges. Chas and Chandankiyari are low upland where cultivation is practiced. The proposed site falls under the Survey of India Toposheet No. 73/, 73/2 & 73 E/4. Climate The climate of Bokaro district is humid and sub tropical. It is characterized by hot and dry summer from March to October and cold winter from November to February. Humidity is high from July to September. The mean annual humidity is nearly 60%. In summer the temperature rises to 42 o 46 o. An average rainfall of the district is mm. Each block has a rain gauge station. The maximum rainfall is mm in Chandan Kiyari Block and minimum in Bermo block (093.70mm). The normal rainfall of the district is C3-46

117 85mm. The maximum rainfall occurs during the monsoon months viz mid June to mid of October. Soil The soils of Bokaro district can be broadly grouped into the soil developed in different formations like Granite or Granite Gneiss of Archean age, sandstone and shales of Gondwana Formation and Alluvial Plain. Texturally the soils of Bokaro district have been classified into four classes as:- a) Stony and Gravelly: These are low grade soils having an admixture of cobbles, pebbles and gravels, generally found at the base of the hills. b) Sandy Soils: It is found near the stream beds containing 60% sand and is easily drained. This is poor in respect of fertility and requires heavy manuring. c) Loamy Soils: These consist mostly of detritus of decomposed rocks and vegetable matter. It is suitable for cultivation. Normally these are found in valleys near the hills. d) Clayey Soils: These soils are found near tank beds. These are sticky soils. Their water bearing capacity is very high. The area is very fertile but crop yielding capacity improved with addition of sand, lime and organic manures etc Forests The industry comes under district Bokaro administration. The Forest cover (under Bokaro forest division) in the district, based on interpretation of satellite data of November January 2009, is 560 Km 2 which is % of the district s geographical area (i.e.,929 Km 2 ). In terms of forest canopy density classes, the state has only 64 Km 2 area under very dense forest, 244 Km 2 area C3-47

118 under moderately dense forest and 252 Km 2 area under open forest whereas only 48 Km 2 area under scrub. The forest cover of the state is shown in below Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Forest Cover of District-Bokaro as compared with Jharkhand (Area in Km 2 ) Name of Area Geograph ical Area Very Dense Forest Mod. Dense Forest Open Forest Total Percent of GA Change Scrub Bokaro, Jharkhand 79,74 2,590 9,97 0,470 22, (Source: India state of forest report 203-Jharkhand) Table 3.22: Land use Pattern of Study Area Land Use Area in ha Percentage Total geographical area River River with Dry Channel Water Bodies Settlement Open Land Open Scrub C3-48

119 Vegetation Forests Agriculture Source: GRC-India, Noida The state has five forest types which belong to two forest type groups, viz. Tropical Moist Deciduous and Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests. The major area of buffer comprises of agricultural land % followed by 4.30 % open land. There is only 4.7 % forest area found in the study area. It consists of open jungle, open mixed jungle and fairly mixed jungle in periphery of 0 km at direction of North, North-East and East direction (Table 3.22). There are no National Parks, Sanctuary or ecologically sensitive areas within the 0 km periphery of the industrial lease area. Due to high temperature and humidity the area comprises of tropical moist deciduous vegetation. No wildlife protected area declared protected under Wildlife (Protection) Act-972 is located within 0 km radius of the proposed mining area. C3-49

120 Fig 3.7: Land Use pattern of the study area (0 Km Radius) Methodology, Study period, survey sites etc.: Detailed survey was conducted to evaluate floral and faunal composition of the study area. Primary data on floral and faunal composition was recorded during site visit and secondary data was collected from the Forest department and published relevant literature. Inventory of flora and fauna has been prepared on the basis of collected data. The mode of data and parameters considered during field investigations is given in Table Field study period: The ecological survey has been conducted for one season. C3-50

121 The details are given as below: Post-monsoon : October 204 to December 204 Survey sites : Bokaro Core zone : At the project site Buffer zone radius: Around the project site in 0 km Table 3.23: Mode of data collection & parameters considered during the survey Aspect Data Mode of data collection Parameters monitored Primary data collection By field survey Floral and Faunal diversity Terrestrial Ecology Secondary data collection From authentic sources like Forests department of Jharkhand and published literatures on the website like - [Department of forest and Environment Jharkhand forest] Floral and Faunal diversity and study of vegetation, forest type, importance etc General Vegetation Study of the area: The study area harbors mostly of tropical moist deciduous vegetation. No trees are observed on the project site. There is very little or no vegetation seen scattered in the area. The hilly areas in buffer zone have forest cover but in plain peoples have depleted forest cover. Important trees are sal, karanj, mahua, semal, sisham, kathal, etc. Important crops grown in the district are C3-5

122 rice, wheat, maize and ragi. Most of the area grow single crop due to unavailability of irrigation facility. Major source of irrigation are tanks and wells. Species of Ageratum, Lantana, and Ricinus, etc. are of common occurrence along the roads Flora of the Project Site Project site has shrub with some herbs and grasses namely Ageratum conyzoides and Euphorbia hirta (Dudhi) and Cynodon dactylon (Duba), after monsoon and some trees like Delonix regia are found in this area as avenue and boundary plantation Flora of the Buffer zone (Terrestrial vegetation) Buffer zone of the proposed project is mainly forest land, agricultural land, and lower land of the plateau. The flora of buffer zone comprises of Shorea robusta (Sal/Sakhua), Pongamia pinnata (Karanj), Mangifera indica (Mango), Madhuca latifolia (Mahua), Dalbergia sissoo (Sisham), Artocarpus integrifolia (Kathal), Diospyros melanoxylon (Tendu), etc A list of flora of the study area is enclosed as Table Table 3.24: Tree species present in the buffer zone S. No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME FAMILY Adina cordifolia Karam Rubiaceae Aegle marmelos Bel Rutaceae Ailanthus excelsa Ghorkaranj/ Simarubaceae Ghorkaram Albizia odoratissima Jang Siris Fabaceae Anogeissus latifolia Dhautha Combretaceae C3-52

123 S. No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME FAMILY Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal Moraceae Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Bauhinia purpurea Koenar Fabaceae Bauhinia racemosa Katmauli Fabaceae Bauhinia variegata Kachnar Fabaceae Bombax ceiba Semal Malvaceae Boswellia serrata Salia Burseraceae Buchanania lanzan Piar Anacardiaceae Butea frondosa Palas Fabaceae Careya arborea Kumbhi Myrtaceae Cassia fistula Dhanraj/Amaltas Fabaceae Dalbergia latifolia Kala Shisham Fabaceae Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae Diospyros melanoxylon Tend/Kend/Tiril Ebenaceae Emblica officinalis Amla Phyllanthaceae Eugenia heyneana Katjamun Myrtaceae Eugenia jambolana Jamun Myrtaceae Ficus benghalensis Bar Moraceae Ficus religiosa Pipal Moraceae Ficus tomentosa Barun Moraceae Gardenia latifolia Papra Rubiaceae C3-53

124 S. No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME FAMILY Gmelina arborea Gamhar Rubiaceae Madhuca latifolia Mahua Sapotaceae Mallotus philippinensis Rohan Euphorbiaceae Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae Mitragyna parviflora Guri/Gurikaram Rubiaceae Morus alba Tut Moraceae Nyctanthes arobor tristis Samshihar/Harsingar Oleaceae Pterocarpus marsupium Bia/Paisar Fabaceae Randia uliginosa Piurar Rubiaceae Shorea robusta Sal/Sakhua Dipterocarpaceae Soymida febrifuga Rohena Meliaceae Tamarindus indica Imli/Jojo Fabaceae Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae Terminalia belerica Bahera Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Harra Combretaceae Terminalia tomentosa Asan Combretaceae Toona ciliata Toon Meliaceae Wrightia tinctoria Kapar/Adhkapar Apocynaceae C3-54

125 Table 3.25: Shrub species present in the study area S. No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME FAMILY. Antidesma diandrum Amti Euphorbiaceae 2. Asparagus racemosa Satawar Rutaceae 3. Calotropis gigantea Akaon Asclepiadaceae 4. Carissa carandas Kanwar Apocynaceae 5. Carissa spinarum Jangli Karonda Apocynaceae 6. Cleistanthus collinus Kargali Phyllanthaceae 7. Clerodendron infortunatum Bhant Verbenaceae 8. Colebrookia oppositifolia Binda/Bindhu Labiatae 9. Croton oblongifolius Putri Euphorbiaceae 0. Emblica robusta Baborang Euphorbiaceae. Flacourtia ramontchi Katai Salicaceae 2. Flemingia chappar Galphuli Leguminosae 3. Flemingia stricta Salpani Leguminosae 4. Gardenia turgida Karhar/Dhanuk Rubiaceae 5. Gardenia gummifera Dekamali Rubiaceae 6. Glochidion lanceolarium Kalchu/Chiku Euphorbiaceae 7. Indigofera pulchela Jirhul Leguminosae 8. Lantana camara Putus Verbenaceae 9. Mimosa pudica Lajwanti Leguminosae 20. Randia dumetorum Mowar Rubiaceae C3-55

126 S. No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME FAMILY 2. Solanum nigrum Makoi Solanaceae 22. Solanum xanthocarpum Rengni Solanaceae 23. Sophora bakeri Birja/Bara/Jirhul Leguminosae 24. Strobilanthes auriculatus Gond/Marmaridara Acanthaceae 25. Symplocos racemosa Lodh Symplocaceae 26. Tephrosia purpurea Sarpuka Leguminosae 27. Thespesia lampas Ban/Kapasi Malvaceae 28. Vitex negundo Sindwar Verbenaceae 29. Woodfordia fruticosa Dhawai Lythraceae Table 3.26: Herb species present in the study area S. No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME FAMILY. Cynodon dactylon Duba Poaceae 2. Eleusine indica Malkantari Poaceae 3. Eulaliopsis binata Sabai grass Poaceae 4. Euphorbia hirta Dudhi Euphorbiaceae 5. Mimosa pudica Lajwanti Leguminosae 6. Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Poaceae 7. Sacchanum munja Munja Poaceae C3-56

127 3.9.6 Wild life of the study area: The major part of the study area lies under agriculture field and barren land which restrict the wildlife habitat significantly. Core zone of the proposed mine area is devoid of any plant species and so mammals are not observed during the study period. Some mammalian species reported in the study area are from the buffer zone. There is neither any wildlife sensitive area nor any corridor for the movement of wildlife is present in the study area. A list of animals of the study area (i.e. study area) has been prepared on the basis of local inquiry from the village people and from the available published literatures. The animals thus recorded were cross checked with Wildlife (Protection) Act, 972 for their schedule. The fauna of study area can be grouped in to aquatic and terrestrial fauna Terrestrial fauna: Mammals: Domesticated mammal species are reported from buffer zone during the field survey. Common grazing animals like cow, goat etc. are noticed in the buffer zone. Small mammals like Indian palm squirrel and field mouse are noticed in vicinity of village. Inquiry from village people regarding wild animals reveals that monkey, Indian hare, fruits bat, wild boar, jackal, etc. are often seen in the area. Reptiles: The reptilians species commonly reported in buffer zone area are Indian Cobra, Banded Krait, Common Krait, Rat Snake and among the lizards Indian House Gecko, Rock Lizard are reported as per information from the village people. C3-57

128 Avian fauna: No bird s habitats like nesting, breeding and forging patterns are noticed in the core zone. Local birds are noticed in the buffer zone of the study area. No fixed pattern in migratory behavior is noticed Aquatic Fauna: Amphibian: Amphibians are commonly found at the places along the margin of aquatic and terrestrial systems. Due to presence of water bodies like river, nalas, etc. the study area is providing shelter to many amphibian species. Some of the commonly reported species are Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Formally Bufo melanostictus) (Common Indian toad), Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Indian skipper frog), Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Indian bull frog) etc. Fishes: Damodar river, a important tributary of Ganga, flowing from south west to north east does support significant habitat for fish population. Apart from this Kanjo nadi flowing in west direction and one Garga Dam supports fish life in the study area. The fish species which are commonly found in the proposed site are Labeo bata (Bhangan or Bata), Labeo rohita (Dumra or Dhambra), Notopterus notopterus (Pari or Battu), Catla catla (Catla), Clarius batrachus (mangur), Channa striatus (Shol) etc. A list of Fauna of the study area is presented in Table Table 3.27: Fauna of the Study Area S. No. English Name Scientific Name MAMMALS WPA, 972 IUCN (ver 3.). Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi IV NA C3-58

129 S. No. English Name Scientific Name WPA, 972 IUCN (ver 3.) 2. Bandicoot Rat Bandicot aindica V LC Five-striped palm Funambulus pennanti IV NA 3. squirrel 4. House mouse Mus musculus V LC 5. Jungle cat Felis chaus II LC 6. Indian Wild Dog Cuon pinus II NA 7. Black-naped Hare Lepus nigricollis IV LC 8. Indian wild boar Sus scrofa III LC 9. Cow Bos taurus - NA Rhesus Macaque 0. Macaca mulatta II LC Fulvous Fruit Bat. Rousettus leschenaulti V LC Jackal 2. Vulpes vulpes II LC REPTILES Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus IV NA 2 Banded Krait Bungarus fasciatus IV LC 4 Indian Cobra Naja naja II NA 6 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus II NA 8 Rock Lizard Agama tuberculatus - NA 9 Indian House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis - NA C3-59

130 S. No. English Name Scientific Name AVIFAUNA WPA, 972 IUCN (ver 3.) Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus IV LC Common Myna Acridotheres tristis IV LC Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus IV LC Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja IV LC Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis IV LC Rock Pigeon Columba livia IV LC House Crow Corvus splendens V LC Common Quail Coturnix coturnix IV LC Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus IV LC Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus IV LC Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV LC Booted Warbler Iduna caligata IV NA House Sparrow Passer domesticus IV LC Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica IV LC Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala IV LC Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV LC Spot-winged Starling Saroglossa spiloptera IV LC Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis IV LC C3-60

131 S. No. English Name Scientific Name WPA, 972 IUCN (ver 3.) Common Babbler 9. Turdoides caudata IV LC Common Hoopoe 20. Upupa epops IV LC AMPHIBIANS Common toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus IV LC 2 Indian skipper frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis IV LC 3 Indian bull frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus IV LC FISHES Bata. Labeo bata - LC 2. Rahu & Ruhi Labeo rohita - LC 3. Khaira Gudusia chapra - LC 4. Pholui Notopterus notopterus - LC Catla 5. Catla catla - LC Mangur 6. Clarias batrachus - LC Tangra 7. Mystus tengara - LC Shol 8. Channa striatus - LC Singi 9. Heteropneustes fossilis - LC 0. Punti Pethia ticto (Syn: Puntius ticto) - LC LC: Least concern, V: Vulnerable NA: Not Assessed C3-6

132 Rare and Endangered Species No rare and endangered species of flora and fauna under Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act, 972 is reported in the study area. No migratory route for birds or animals was found in the project area. C3-62

133 CHAPTER - 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 General The first step in Environmental Impact Assessment is to list all the potentially significant Environmental impacts. These are then examined critically and the major impacts (both negative and positive) are analyzed in detail for the EIA. In order to ensure comprehensiveness, the various aspects considered in listing of impact during expansion of the plant are: Investigation of project components. Investigation of project phases. Investigation of Impact generating activities. Investigation of types of impacts. There are various techniques available for listing of impact. These include checklists, matrices, networks and cause effect diagrams etc. EIA is required for the proposed Expansion of existing sponge iron plant to sponge iron based integrated steel plant of M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. at Bokaro under consideration at the selected site is to identify the probable impacts on the environmental Attributes. This gives a first-hand assessment of the degree of impacts caused by the project activities from construction stage to operational stage. From the assessment, it can be judged to what extent the potential impacts are likely to occur and if so to what level it can be minimized by implementing suggested Environmental Management Plan (EMP) from the design stage itself. C4-

134 4. Listing Matrix The possible environmental attributes that may be affected by industrial activities are: Air Water Noise Soil / land Ecology Infrastructure Socio-economics. The various activities which could have significant impact during expansion of existing plant have been classified under following groups. Existing Operations. Future Activities 4.2 Impacts during Construction phase The present production of the plant is x 90 TPD of sponge iron through kiln and after expansion it will be 72,000 TPA billet by addition x 90 TPD sponge iron with 2 x 2 t Induction Furnace (IF), x 5 t Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF), Continuous Billet Caster Machine. This will involve excavation, construction, erection of equipment, engagement of labor force, laying and routing of pipelines, commissioning and testing activities etc. Air, water, noise and soil / land are likely to be affected by the above activities. It will have marginal additional impacts on air, water, and noise quality, aesthetics and land use as all activities are within the operating plant. Socio-economic pattern may be marginally improved due to generation of temporary employment. However, these impacts will be for a short duration only. C4-2

135 Impacts on Water Quality: During the construction phase of proposed project the civil work to be performed have only major use of steel. The water that will be required for construction activity will be met from existing recycling of waste water facility. Impacts on Ambient Air Quality: The sources of air emissions during construction phase is mostly due to site clearing, emission from vehicles used for transportation of men and material to the site and from construction equipment. With proper control of vehicle emission by using only PUC certified vehicles and dust suppression by water sprinkling. These emissions are expected to have temporary adverse impact on ambient air quality of surroundings of the construction site. Impacts on Ecology The expansion of existing units will remain within the existing boundary and no new area will be acquired for expansion. The impacts on the study area as a whole will be insignificant. Impacts on Noise Levels The general noise levels due to construction activities such as machinery installation, operation of DG sets may increase to higher level of noise pollution during the daytime. Identification of potential noise generating sources has been identified during the construction phase. The major noise generating source during the construction phase is vehicular traffic, construction equipments like dozer, scrapers, concrete mixer, crane, generators pumps, and compressor, rock drills, Pneumatic tools, vibrators, etc. During construction, these equipments will generate noise greater than 90 db (A). The areas close to the site are likely to be affected. To minimize the impact on nearby communities, construction schedules would C4-3

136 be optimized during daytime and during night the activities will be scaled down. Extensive earthmoving and movement of heavy equipments would be conducted only during regular working hours in day time using the branded make meeting pollution norms laid down for them and PUC certificate. In addition to existing green belt, additional Green belt development will be started at pre-construction stage based on potential (high, middle and low pollution level) of noise pollution to reduce the impact at the construction stage. Overall, the impact on the environment due to noise generation during construction period is likely to be insignificant, reversible and localized in nature and mainly confined to the day time. The noise level will be transient and drop down to the acceptable level, once the construction activities are over. Impacts on Solid waste During construction phase, solid waste such as excavated soil, debris, some metal waste and very small amount of oil & grease from construction machines will be generated. This waste may contaminate soil at plant site temporarily and would be restricted to a small area. Excavated topsoil will be used for plantation. The solid waste generated by labors as municipal waste will be collected and segregated and disposed at appropriate site. The waste oil will be disposed off as Hazardous Materials to approved vendors only. 4.3 Socio-economic impacts During the expansion, limited construction work shall be carried out in civil as well as machinery handling. The construction phase of the project involves limited deployment of manpower, both direct and indirect. This involves employment of temporary labor, which is being engaged to perform these tasks. This will generate employment opportunity directly to the people and business development to other thousands of people indirectly. This will improve local economy. People working in the high health risk area will be transferred into C4-4

137 other zone. Regular rotation will reduce the impact of health on the workers. Separate fund will be allocated under corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the project for infrastructure development of the areas and allocation of fund for social cause and poverty elimination. The under CSR activities will be as follows: i) Professional/ convocation courses for the people in the areas based on the experience and qualification for subsistence and employment generation. ii) Eligible people will get employment in the company or will be encouraged to generate self-sustained small business. iii) Meritorious and poor people will be get scholarship and encouragement for higher education. iv) Need based survey for the infrastructure development of the area will be conducted with local administrations and action plan will be finalized as per demand. 4.4 Impacts during operating phase Generally operation of any production plant emits pollutants. Iron and Steel Industries are also no exception to that. Once the expansion of existing plant is completed and total plant gets operational, it is expected marginal impacts on ambient air quality, noise levels, ecology and positive socio-economic environment. Environmental releases may be in the form of: a) Emission to air b) Waste water discharges c) Solid waste disposal d) Noise level etc. These emissions, discharges and disposal may release different pollutants, which may affect air, water, land and ecological environment directly. However, C4-5

138 all these are mainly primary impact. In addition to these primary impacts any industrial project or expansion of a project has some overall impact on its surrounding socioeconomic environment through the existence of social and economic linkages between the project and society, which are actually secondary impact. Under this clause, all these primary and secondary impacts due to this proposed expansion are being discussed and wherever required, impacts have also been quantified. Accordingly under subsequent clauses impacts on air environment, water environment, soil, noise, land use, and socio-economic environment due to the proposed expansion are being elaborated Impacts on Ambient Air Quality The principal impacts on ambient air quality due to operation of the productivity improvement through expansion i.e. the increased production capacity by configuration of additional x 90 TPD kiln, 2x2 tonne Induction Furnace, Ladle Furnace of capacity 5 tonne, Continuous Billet Caster Machine to produce 72,000 TPA of Billet. The emissions will be from the stacks of the primary and secondary emissions from roof tops of Induction furnace, Ladle furnace. The prediction of Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) of pollutants emitted from the stacks has been carried out using ISCST3 Air Quality simulation model developed by USEPA. This model is basically a Gaussian dispersion model, which considers multiple sources. In the proposed expansion stacks attached to IF & LRF are used multiple point sources releasing gaseous and solid pollutants. The model accepts hourly meteorological and emission data to predict incremental GLC of existing units and after expansion. The study area of 0 km around the site is divided into various grids of 200 m. The impact has been predicted over a 0 km x 0 km area with centre stack attached with IF & LRF unit. GLC have been calculated at every 200 m grid C4-6

139 interval in Cartesian coordinates (X = 0000 m, Y = 0000 m) to predict incremental GLC at each receptor. The emissions have been computed based on the following: Frame work of Calculation:- Existing Units 30 m stack is attached with DRI kiln with diameter 0.9 m, with exit velocity 2.4 m/s and temperature 50 o C and flow rate 20,000 Nm 3 /h respectively. After expansion of units Pollutants emissions of existing units & after expansion are shown of existing in Table 4.. Table 4.: Stack & Emission Details Existing units ( x 90 TPD Sponge Iron Plant) S. No Stacks attached to Stack height (m) Stack dia (m) Exit Velocity (m/s) Exit Temp ( 0 C) Flow rate (Nm3/h) PM Emission rate (g/s) SO 0 2 x 90 TPD Kiln , mg/nm 3-2 DRI Kiln dedusting system , Total emission of existing units.88 - Table 4.2: Stack & Emission Details after expansion of existing units (Production 72,000 TPA) with control technology S. No. Stacks attached to Stack height (m) Stack dia (m) Exit Velocity (m/s) Exit Flow Emission rate Temp rate (g/s) ( 0 C) (Nm3/h) PM SO 0 2 NO2 C4-7

140 x 90 TPD DRI Kiln 2 x 90 TPD DRI Kiln 3 Combined DRI Kiln dedusting system 4 2 x 2 t IF and LRF Combined primary & Secondary emission 5 Reheating Furnace , mg/nm , mg/nm , mg/nm mg/nm , Total emission after expansion Reference: Chapter 3, designing & selecting hoods of industrial hygiene control of air borne chemical hazard by Willium Popendorf. Note - PM0 emission is calculated based on 50 mg/nm 3 at the exit of stack. Meteorological Data: Study was conducted in post-monsoon season ( October to 3 st December, 204) at the project site and in the study area. Meteorology of the area shows that westerly winds were dominant. Impact will be predicted east of the site on account of westerly winds. Local meteorological parameters of the area comprising wind direction (from), wind speed, ambient temperature and stability classes were measured and mixing height data used as input for modeling purpose (24-hour representative) was taken from the secondary source i.e. Atlas of Mixing Height & Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India, IMD publication Surface meteorological data for st C4-8

141 wind speed, wind direction and ambient temperature were generated at the project site for post-monsoon season. Wind rose during the study period was shown in Figure 4.. Figure 4.: Windrose Post-monsoon Hourly wind speed, wind direction and temperature data was subject to frequency distribution analysis and representative values were prepared for modeling in conjunction with the site specific stability class and mixing height data. Low wind speed and high calm conditions were observed. Westerly followed by south-westerly were dominant wind directions observed in postmonsoon season as shown in wind rose (Figure. 4.). The meteorological input data for the day of highest predicted concentration during the season is shown as Table-4.2. Stability has been computed by C4-9

142 Turner s method and mixing height has been obtained from publication of IMD Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height in India, The predictions for air quality during operation phase were carried using CPCB/MoEF approved USEPA, Industrial Source Complex (Version - ISCST3) Dispersion model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for prediction of pollutants dispersion from single or multiple point sources using emission and hourly meteorological data of the study period. Assumptions used in the model were as follows: The plume rise is limited to that of the mixing layer as published by IMD in the Catalogue of Atlas of Mixing Heights in India for the site. Stack down-wash is not considered. Flat terrain is used for computations; It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation. Chemical and scavenging process occurred in the atmosphere in the pollutants released at the stack exit is not considered. Prediction is based on single/multiple point sources, pollution released at stack exit and dispersed on the ground under influence of local meteorological conditions during the season. Modeling Results and Discussion: Model used to calculate 24-hour average incremental GLCs for SO2, NO2 and PM0 was superimposed on the baseline values to find the total predicted values of GLCs. The total predicted values (Base-line + incremental) was compared with NAAQS applied to the area to assess the impact of project on Ambient Air Quality. It was observed that total maximum base-line of PM0, SO2 and NO2 were C4-0

143 259.3, 25.3 and 40.6 µg/m 3 at project site. Emission of each existing unit is discussed in Table 4.. Emission of PM0 is 50.0 mg/nm 3 after expansion which is calculated in g/s for the model use and given in Table 4.2. The first highest incremental value of SO2 is µg/m 3 (at 5600m, 0m) and that of PM0 is 5.0 µg/m 3 at (7000m, 0m) from the project site. Iso-pleths of SO2 and PM0 of existing and after expansion of units are shown in Figures 4.2 & 4.3. Contribution of incremental PM0 on background is only 66 %. Total incremental SO2 after adding with background is within NAAQS. C4-

144 ISOPLETH OF SO2 OF EXPANSION OF UNITS Figure 4.2: Isopleth of Max. Incremental GLC of SO2 is µg/m 3 occurred at (5600m, 0m) due to expansion of units. C4-2

145 ISOPLETH OF PM0 OF EXPANSION OF UNITS Figure 4.3: Isopleth of Max. Incremental GLC of PM0 is 5.0 µg/m 3 occurred at (7000m, 0 m) due to expansion of units. C4-3

146 4.4.2 Impact on Ambient Noise During normal operations of the plant noise levels will increase negligible only close to the kiln and IF/LRF during melting and casting at the time of operation but this will be confined only within plant boundary, as the plant is just expansion of existing unit. The noise level within the plant boundary is occupational noise levels and confined within shops. The level of noise will be reduced due to green belt developed all along the boundary for decreasing the noise and fugitive emission. All the equipment in the plant is designed/operated in such a way that the noise level doesn t exceed 90 db (A) as per the requirement of OSHA Standard (Occupational Safety and Health Association). However, if during operation, the noise level exceeds the OSHA norms then the protective measures given in Environmental Management Plan is followed. Impact on Water Bodies The measures envisaged for water pollution are expected to contain the water pollution. The pollutants present in the waste water will be reduced to acceptable levels by adoption of the following schemes in general: Re-circulation waste water in the process whereby the discharge volume is nil. Providing adequate treatment units for removal of the suspended and colloidal matter. Neutralization of acidic water by lime Treated and cleaned water is then reused for green belt/slag cooling/dust suppression. Storm Water Discharge: The network of storm water drains and wastewater drains inside the plant will be made separate. Rainwater harvesting/recharge C4-4

147 structures will be made at suitable points to collect the excessive runoff generated from the roofed, paved and green areas of the plant site and divert them for recharging the groundwater table. Guidelines developed by Central Ground Water Board will be followed for making the recharge structures. Waste Water Disposal: Existing sewage directly discharges to septic tank and soak pit. After expansion with increase in the working manpower in plant, the sewage will directly discharge to Sewage Treatment Plant(STP). Treated sewage will be used for irrigation of green belt. Prevention of Ground Water Contamination: In order to prevent groundwater contamination, preventive measures is taken for conveying wastewater. Stockpiles of raw materials and solid wastes are located on pucca platform. Slag storage area is properly lined using compacted clay / LDPE/ HDPE, designed as per CPCB guidelines and recommendation. The groundwater and sub-soil does not get contaminated due to leaching. Disposal of Used Oil: Spent oil is collected from DG sets and stored in drums. The drums are stored in earmarked area with adequate safety facility like fencing, concrete surface, shed, etc. When sufficient amount of spent oil is collected it is disposed to authorized reprocessors. No oil or lubricant is discharged into any drains Impact on Solid Waste Disposal Production of steel requires large quantities of raw materials. However, the consumption of raw material varies with the technology adopted, chemical composition of raw materials. The major raw materials are scrap, sponge iron and additives as per requirement. Significant quantity of solid wastes will be generated in the proposed plant in the form of fines generation during handling and transportation. C4-5

148 Fine solid wastes are also generated at discharge of Spark Arrestor and Bag Filter. Depending upon the process of steel making and raw material use, considerable amount of slag is generated in the plant. It is therefore, necessary to utilize the solid wastes through adoption of solid waste management technique. Utilization of Solid Waste The char produced from kiln will be sold to FBC power plant operator; Char is an alternative fuel for FBC power plant. Slag generated from induction furnace & LRF will be cooled, solidified and crushed to recover steel and balance reused/sold to Contractor for filling of low lying lands, etc. All other dust generated in the plant including raw material handling system and steel plant are not hazardous and will be pelletised by passing through pug mill and will be dumped for disposal. Steel scraps generated in steel melting shop, continuous casting plant will be recycled for melting. Extensive pollution control measures have been envisaged for minimizing the dust pollution of the plant. Debris and muck generated in the plant will be collected and dumped in the dumping area for periodic disposal. Dump Yard Dump yard will have non-permeable flooring. In order to prevent leaching of injurious metals and contamination of ground water as well as surface water, a garland drain around the dump yard is planned with collection of storm water into a pit. The collected water will be tested from time to time for traces of any undesirable element. If the test result is found beyond the permissible limits according to MoEF&CC effluent standards, then the same shall be treated before discharging to meet the statutory requirements. C4-6

149 S.No. Item Non Hazardous waste. 2. Dust from ESP of DRI kiln Kiln accretion waste 3. IF +LRF Slag 4. Refractory Bricks Table 4.3: Solid waste and their mode of disposal Existing quantity of solid waste Generated (TPA) Total quantity of solid waste after expansion (TPA) Method of Disposal Possible Use Sold to Contractor Dust shall be pelletised and sold to cement-ash block manufacturing units Sold to Contractor Used in Road making Char Steel Scrap - 2,500 Crushed to recover iron and reused/sold to Contractor Sold to Contractor Sold to Power Plant Operators Mixed with raw material for Induction Furnaces Cooled, solidified and crushed to recover steel and balance sold for Road making, filling low lying areas and as railway ballast Refractory Manufacturing Plants Alternative fuel for power generation Reuse in the plant. C4-7

150 7. Dust from Air Pollution Control System Dry dust is used Will be packed in HDPE in bags and used for land cement plant. filling as not found hazardous during TCLP. C4-8

151 4.4.4 Impact on Soil and Agriculture As an existing plant, all the raw material and waste material are stored in a liner made pucca platform, so it is not in contact with soil. The dust particles depending upon the size and weight settles down at varying distances on vegetation in the prevailing wind direction. Dust contains heavy metals, which may leach out in the soil and hamper plant growth at higher concentration. The pollutants are not contaminating the agriculture land Impact on Ecology (Flora and Fauna) The impact on the surrounding ecology during the operation of the project will mainly occur from the deposition of air pollutants and as an expansion of existing unit the impact on ecology will be negligible because after expansion, Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. is planning to reduce the air pollution. So the effort will be made to reduce the impact on ecology. The project is planned with most efficient air pollution control systems for achieving 50 mg/nm 3 dust emission level from all the stacks, so that the impact on nearby ecosystem are minimized. These measures are adequate to minimize the adverse impact on nearby forest. No wildlife sanctuary or wildlife habitats of endangered or rare wild life or migratory corridors of wild animals are present in the study area, which would be adversely affected due to the air emissions from the project operation Impact on Public Health and Safety Due to installation of secondary emission control systems during expansion, the emissions from expansion units will be lower than that from the existing plants. Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. has planned to install the secondary hood to capture all the fugitive emission which is not captured by primary hood. People living in these areas are exposed to air pollution generated from the plant, sometimes or the other, as per the prevailing wind direction. People living in area located on the south east side of the plant site within 2-4 km distance is affected more. The national ambient air quality standards prescribe level of air pollutants that will protect public health and other adverse affect on C4-9

152 environment. Exposure to dust, SO2 and NO2 is likely to affect public health if the ambient concentrations are above the stipulated criteria. Air quality dispersion modeling predicted that the ambient air quality would be less than the CPCB standard. No toxic chemicals are stored inside the plant premises. Solid waste is utilized and managed effectively. Liquid fuel is stored inside the plant. Layout and design of the storage tanks will conform to OISD specifications and necessary fire risk mitigation measures is provided. On-site disaster management plan has been prepared. Therefore the impact of the project operation on the health and safety of surrounding public will be insignificant in nature Impact on Transportation All of the raw materials and finished products shall be transported using road. The project is connected about.5 km from NH-23, NE direction. The nearest railway station is Bokaro Steel City which is 2 km in SSE. However some raw materials that are sourced from nearby and local in Jharkhand shall be transported by road. The raw material which will be coming from other state will also be transported by road. Solid wastes that are to be sold for utilization or used for other beneficial purpose in surrounding area shall be transported by road. This will involve movement of approximately trucks/containers varying from 9 to 20 ton carrying capacity. Workers and staff of the project will also come in cars, scooters. Movement of staff will involve about 20 cars, 50 bikes. Movement of materials and staff will involve increase in vehicular traffic on the existing roads, leading to adverse impact like increase in accidents, congestion, vehicular pollution and increase in re-suspended road dust. 4.5 Mitigation of Adverse Impact 4.5. Air Pollution Management In the steel plant the sources of air pollution will be: DRI dust from DRI kiln. Gases from furnaces. C4-20

153 Air pollution in the form of fumes due to melting of iron scrap and sponge iron in Induction furnaces and Ladle Refining Furnace etc. Fugitive dust due to handling of iron ore, coal/lignite, sponge iron, scrap and other raw materials etc. Emission from Continuous Casting Machine. The major emission from the entire plant will be Particulate Matter (PM) and SO2. The hot gases from DRI kiln passes through the ESP and gases from IF passes through the Bag filter to reduce the emissions of particulate matter from the stacks. Emission of particulate matter in the flue gases will limit to maximum 50 mg/nm 3 as particulate matter. Raw material handling area The material handling section would be provided with dust suppression (DS) by water sprinkling at the stockyard. DRI kiln The char generated from kiln will be sold to power plant operator for using char as a fuel. Induction Furnace (IF)/ Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF) The emissions from melting and refining known as primary emissions account for about 90 percent of total IF emissions. The remaining 0 per cent of emissions are generated during charging and tapping known as secondary emissions. Whereas it is easier to catch the primary emissions, it is difficult to catch the secondary emissions and thus this gets released through roof monitors. The primary emissions from the IF and LRF are taken through a furnace roof with elbow to bag-filter. The secondary emissions are planned to be collected by side hoods and connected to the same bag filter. C4-2

154 4.5.2 Waste Water Management Existing sewage directly discharges to septic tank and soak pit. After expansion with increase in the working manpower in plant, the sewage will directly discharge to a STP and treated sewage used for irrigation of green belt. In expansion, no process effluents are generated. Only blow down and bleed off from cooling towers are to be managed. This is done by: Re-circulation water in the process whereby the discharge volume is reduced to nil. Providing adequate treatment units for removal of the suspended and colloidal matter. Neutralization of acidic water by lime Solid Waste Management/Disposal The char produced from kiln will be sold to FBC power plant operator; Char is an alternative fuel for FBC power plant. Slag generated from induction furnace & LRF will be cooled, solidified and crushed to recover steel and balance reused/sold to Contractor for filling of low lying lands, etc. All other dust generated in the plant including raw material handling system and steel plant are not hazardous and will be pelletised by passing through pug mill and will be dumped for disposal. Steel scraps generated in steel melting shop, continuous casting plant will be recycled for melting. Extensive pollution control measures have been envisaged for minimizing the dust pollution of the plant. Debris and muck generated in the plant will be collected and dumped in the dumping area for periodic disposal Green belt Adequate green belt will be provided all around the plant premises as well as at different local areas covering more than 33% of the total plant area. Locally C4-22

155 available types of trees, which are resistant to pollution and have adequate heat sink capacity will be planted. C4-23

156 CHAPTER - 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SITE 5. Alternate Technology No, alternate technology is selected. 5.2 Technology For the selection of this technology M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. has considered less environmental polluting, less energy consuming, higher productive and competing cost technology like continuous casting in even such a small plant. 5.3 Site Alternatives No alternative site is required, since M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. project is the expansion of the steel plant within the existing plant boundary. ********** C5-

157 based Integrated Steel plant CHAPTER - 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM Various measures have been suggested in the environmental management plan for mitigation of impacts. These have to be implemented according to the suggestions and monitored regularly to prevent any lapse. A large part of the sampling and measurement activity is concerned with long term monitoring aimed at providing an early warning of any undesirable changes or trends in the natural environment that could be associated with the plant s operation. A separate department has already been there to look after all environmental related matters of the plant. The Environmental audits will be carried out after expansion of plant to check for compliance with standards. This will be carried out by external experts. The unit is taking all necessary steps to implement the measures suggested by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) for Integrated Iron and Steel Industry. The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter-4 shall be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to operations of the expansion of project. 6. Environmental Monitoring The environmental monitoring for the proposed up-gradation of plant operations shall be conducted as follows: Air quality; Water and wastewater quality; Noise levels; Soil quality; Greenbelt Development. C6-

158 based Integrated Steel plant 6.. Monitoring and Reporting Procedure Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program can severe as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operations of the plant and suitable mitigatory steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The following routine monitoring program will be implemented under the post-project monitoring in the proposed expansion plant. The monitoring program for implementation is given below: Air pollution and Meteorological Aspects Both ambient air quality and meteorology will be monitored. The ambient air will be monitored twice in a week [according to Central Pollution Control Board] at about five locations around the plant area once in each season along with online continuous ambient air monitoring station which will be directly tied up with CPCB/SPCB server for real time display. Meteorological parameters like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall will be recorded continuously at plant area. Work Zone dust concentration will be monitored in line with the factories act once in each month. Water and Wastewater Quality The storm water will be analyzed in the rainy season. The ground water quality will be monitored in every month. The water depths will be monitored in the wells of surrounding villages in every season. Noise Levels Noise levels in the work zone environment will be monitored regularly. The frequency of noise monitoring will be once in a month in the work zone. The C6-2

159 based Integrated Steel plant Sr. No ambient noise levels in the surrounding villages will be monitored once in six months. Soil Sampling The environmental monitoring division will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the State regulatory agencies. The monitoring program to be implemented under environmental monitoring schedule is given in Table-6.. C6-3 Table-6.: Monitoring Schedule for environmental parameters Particulars Monitoring Frequency Air Pollution and Meteorology A Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Four Locations Twice in a specified by SPCB week once in each season Duration Sampling of 24 hr continuously (Expect, CO- hourly basis) Continuous Continuous at AAQ Stack Monitoring Monthly As per Iso- Kinetic method Important Monitoring Parameters PM0, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO PM0, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO PM0, SO2, NO2 Continuous Continuous PM0 for main stack B Work Zone Monthly 3x8 hourly PM0, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 Meteorology A Meteorological data Daily Continuous Wind speed, to be monitored at Monitoring direction, the plant site. temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. 2 Water and Wastewater Quality A Industrial/Domestic Effluents Once in a 24hr As per EPA rules, month composite 986 B Water quality in the study area

160 based Integrated Steel plant Sr. No Particulars ) Ground water (Six Samples) in the study area one each on u/s and d/s of the solid waste disposal area 2) Surface water (Two samples) Monitoring Frequency Once month in Once in a month Duration Sampling of Important Monitoring Parameters Grab As per the parameters specified under IS: 0500 Grab 3 Industrial Noise Levels Plant Every week 24hr continuous with one hr interval; Ambient Noise Levels 2 Four locations Seasonal 24hr continuous with one hr 4 Soil Characteristics Two samples in nearby villages Pre-Monsoon and postmonsoon 5 Ecology Once in pre monsoon and post-monsoon season interval; One sample Grab Parameters specified E(P) Act under Noise level in db (A) Noise level in db (A) ph, Electrical conductivity, organic matter, Na, K, N, PO4, SO4, SAR and Fluorides Biodiversity and health of green belt. C6-4

161 CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7. Public Consultation The project site is located at B-7, Bokaro Industrial Area at village Baldih, District Bokaro, Jharkhand within the notified industrial area declared by Govt. of Jharkhand. As per the EIA notification 4 th September 2006 and its subsequent amendments, the proposed expansion of project does not require public hearing, 7.2 Occupational Health and Safety Some workplace hazards have the potential to cause so much injury or disease that specific regulations or codes of practice are warranted. These regulations and codes, adopted under state and territory OH & S Acts, explain the duties of particular groups of people in controlling the risks associated with specific hazards. Codes of Practice provide advice on how to meet regulatory requirements. As such, codes are not legally enforceable, but they can be used in courts as evidence that legal requirements have or have not been met. Safety in the workplace is critical to the success of running a business, no matter what size it is. As a small business owner one has certain rights and responsibilities regarding health and safety in the workplace. Even without any employees, one must ensure that the business doesn t create health and safety problems for the customers and the general public. All safety gears will be provided to workers and care will be taken by EMC that these are used properly by them. All safety norms will be followed. C7-

162 7.2. Occupational Health Proposal for Surveillance The choice and the implementation of specific measures for preventing workplace injury and ill health in the work-force of the proposed Steel industry having electric induction melting furnaces, continuous casting machines, oil fired re-heating furnaces and rolling mills, depend on the recognition of the principal hazards, and the anticipated injuries and diseases, ill health and incidents. Below are the most common causes of injury and illness in the Steel industry: Slips, trips and falls on the same level; falls from height; unguarded machinery; falling objects; Engulfment; working in confined spaces; moving machinery, on-site transport, forklifts and cranes; Exposure to controlled and uncontrolled energy sources; exposure to mineral wools and fibres; inhalable agents (gases, vapours, dusts and fumes); Skin contact with chemicals (irritants acids, alkalis), solvents and sensitizers); contact with hot metal; Fire and explosion; extreme temperatures; radiation (non-ionizing, ionizing); C7-2

163 Noise and vibration; electrical burns and electric shock; Manual handling and repetitive work; failures due to automation; ergonomics; Lack of OSH training; poor work organization; Inadequate accident prevention and inspection; inadequate emergency first-aid and rescue facilities; lack of medical facilities and social protection Steel industry generates dust during its operation and transportation. Dust may enter into the systemic circulation and thereby reach the essentially all the organs of body and affects the different tissues. Working near heavy noise generating equipments may cause hearing and blood pressure related diseases Continuous working and improper working position leading to pain & exhaustion. Major Hazards: Rotary Kiln: Cracks occurring at various parts of Rotary Kiln are a problem. Kilns should be regularly monitored with the established methods of Nondestructive testing. Inadequate equipment design or operation can lead to noxious ga emissions and/or incomplete destruction of waste material. Hot metal and burning coal may cause personnel injury or may lead to fire. Induction Furnace: Cooling water coming in contact with molten metal or slag causing explosion Moist scrap being charged causing explosion. Radioactive scrap being charged spreading radio activity Scraps having explosive materials like abandoned bombs being charged causing explosions Continuous Casting Machines: Strand is hardened only superficially and is still liquid inside. Spillage of molten metal can occur with damage by radiant heat to C7-3

164 mechanical or civil structures, electric cables and hydraulic equipment etc. Preventing Fires & Explosions Fires & explosions in induction furnaces most often result from water coming into contact with molten metal. The water may be present in scrap material, damp moulds, from leaks in the furnace cooling systems or leaks in the building. Fires & explosions in can also result from the ignition of volatile materials and fuels. The most hazardous procedures are during the firing- up and shutting-down procedures. The fuel supply to oil-fired furnaces should be fitted with an automatic shut-off mechanism. Operators shall be trained in safe systems of work. The building shall be designed to be non-combustible, with automatic fire suppression engineered or designed into the process where appropriate. Risk assessments shall be carried out to consider the potential dispersal of toxic chemicals from non-furnace processes & combustion products, and the potential impact of an explosion on the surrounding areas. Regular safety audits shall be undertaken to ensure that hazards are clearly identified and risk-control measures maintained at an optimum level. Refractories (e.g. crucibles, troughs, ladles) and tools shall be preheated and dried before use to minimize the risk of explosion. Refractory linings should be regularly inspected for wear. Furnaces shall not be operated beyond their safe lives. Lighting Furnaces Before a furnace is lit, fittings and appliances shall be inspected to ensure that they are in working order. Particular attention shall be paid to the furnace control settings, the air supply, the emission stacks, the fuel supply and its associated pipe work. Hand-held torches used to light small furnaces should have a handle of adequate length, and the operator should use a suitable protective shield and heat-insulated gloves to prevent possible burns. C7-4

165 A slight draught should be allowed via the air supply to support ignition when the fuel has been switched on and the flame applied. People responsible for operating the furnace shall keep a close watch on the fuel supply, on the possible escape of fuel and on continuing ignition. Dusts & Fibres When a furnace is stripped for maintenance purposes, particular care should be taken to avoid inhaling dusts or fibres from the insulating material. Dust and fume collectors incorporated into the furnace design shall be operational when the furnace is working. Preventing Steam Explosion Molten slag and metal shall be prevented from coming into contact with water, which will cause a steam explosion. Equipment and piping for furnace gas cleaning, and piping carrying gas in the air preheating system shall be built in such a way that they can be ventilated and cleaned. Handling Molten Metal or Slag Burns may occur at many points in the steel-making process: at the front of the furnace during tapping from molten metal or slag; from spills, spatters or eruptions of hot metal from ladles or vessels during processing, teeming (pouring) or transporting; and from contact with hot metal as it is being formed into a final product. The likelihood of injury in the handling of molten metal shall be assessed at all stages in the process. This includes the integrity, stability and use of the furnace and transport ladles, the nature and use of vehicle/crane transport, and the systems in place for pouring molten metal. C7-5

166 7.2.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) General Provisions As a supplementary protection against exposure to hazardous conditions in the production of iron and steel where the safety of workers cannot be ensured by other means, such as eliminating the hazard, controlling the risk at source or minimizing the risk, suitable and sufficient PPE, having regard to the type of work and risks, and in consultation with workers and their representatives, shall be procured and used by the workers and provided and maintained by the employer, without cost to the workers. PE) Items of PPE provided shall comply with the relevant BIS standards and criteria approved or recognized by the competent authority. Where BIS standards are not available, PPEs meeting international standards may be procured. Those responsible for the management and operation of the personal protection programme shall be trained in the selection of the proper equipment, in assuring that it is correctly fitted to the people who use it, in the nature of the hazards the equipment is intended to protect against, and provide adequate comfort, and in the consequences of poor performance or equipment failure. PPE shall be selected considering the characteristics of the wearer and additional physiological load or other harmful effects caused by C7-6

167 the PPE. It shall be used, maintained, stored and replaced in accordance with the standards or guidance for each hazard identified at the facility and according to the information given by the manufacturer. PPE shall be examined periodically to ensure that it is in good condition. Different PPE & their components shall be compatible with each other when worn together. It shall be ensured that the procured PPEs are ergonomically designed and, to the extent practicable, should not restrict the user s mobility or field of vision, hearing or other sensory functions. Employers shall ensure that the workers who are required to wear PPE are fully informed of the requirements and of the reasons for them, and are given adequate training in the selection, wearing, maintenance and storage of this equipment. When workers have been informed accordingly, they shall use the equipment provided throughout the time they may be exposed to the risk that requires the use of PPE for protection. Items of special PPE for use in proximity to molten metal shall be so procured that they should protect the wearer from heat and should withstand splashes of molten metal. It should be possible to remove these items easily if molten matter gets between the body and the protective clothing. The PPE shall not be used for longer than the time indicated by the manufacturer. Workers shall make proper use of the PPE provided, and maintain it in good condition, consistent with their training and be provided with the proper means for doing so. PPE procured should not contain hazardous substances, such as asbestos. Head Protection Helmets intended for use in the iron and steel industry shall be subjected to a test for resistance to splashes of molten metal. C7-7

168 Any helmet that has been submitted to a heavy blow, even if there are no evident signs of damage, shall be discarded. If splits or cracks appear, or if a helmet shows signs of ageing or deterioration of the harness, the helmet shall be discarded. Where there is a hazard of contact with exposed conductive parts, only helmets made of non-conducting material should be used. Helmets for persons working overhead shall be so procured that they shall be provided with chin straps. In addition to safety, consideration shall also be given to the physiological aspects of comfort for the wearer. The helmets shall be so procured that they shall be as light as possible, the harness should be flexible and should not irritate or injure the wearer and a sweatband should be incorporated. All protective headgear shall be cleaned and checked regularly. Face & Eye Protection Face shields or eye protectors shall be used to protect against flying particles, fumes, dust and chemical hazards. Face shields shall be used in furnace operations and other hot work involving exposure to high-temperature radiation sources. Protection is also necessary against sparks or flying hot objects. Face protectors of the helmet type and the face-shield type are preferred. Goggles, helmets or shields that give maximum eye protection for each welding and cutting process shall be worn by operators, welders and their helpers. Welding and cutting processes of furnaces emit radiation in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared bands of the spectrum, which are all able to produce harmful effects upon the eyes. In welding operations, helmet type protection and hand shield type protection shall be used. Protection is also necessary for the welder s assistant and those who may be exposed to the hazards shall be appropriately protected. With the use of face and eye protectors, due attention shall be paid to greater comfort and efficiency in consultation with workers. C7-8

169 The protectors shall be fitted and adjusted by a person who has received training in this task. Comfort is particularly important in helmet and hood type protectors as they may become almost intolerably hot during use. Air lines can be fitted to prevent this. Face and eye protectors shall be so procured that they shall give adequate protection at all times even with the use of corrective vision devices. Eye protectors, including corrective lenses, shall be so procured that they are made of appropriate high-impact material. Respiratory Protective Equipment When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being implemented or evaluated, respirators, appropriate to the hazard and risk in question, shall be used to protect the health of the worker working in confined spaces. When the hazard and risk cannot be assessed with sufficient accuracy to define the appropriate level of respiratory protection, employers shall make positive pressure air-supplied respiratory protective devices available. When selecting respirators, an appropriate number of sizes and models shall be made available from which a satisfactory respirator can be selected. Different sizes and models shall be made be available to accommodate a broad range of facial types. Workers should be fit-tested for respirators. Respirators shall be cleaned and sanitized periodically. Respirators intended for emergency use shall be cleaned and sanitized after each use. The user shall be sufficiently trained and familiarized with the respirator in order to be able to inspect the respirator immediately prior to each use to ensure that it is in proper working condition. Inspection may include the following : tightness of connections; C7-9

170 the condition of the respiratory inlet and outlet covering; head harness; valves; connecting tubes; harness assemblies; hoses; filters; cartridges; end of service life indicator; electrical components; shelf life date; the proper function of regulators, alarms and other warning systems. Respirators shall be properly stored. Damage may occur if they are not protected from physical and chemical agents such as vibration, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture or damaging chemicals. Each respirator shall be used with an understanding of its limitations, based on a number of factors such as the level and duration of exposure, the characteristics of the chemical and the service life of a respirator. Workers shall be medically evaluated for their ability to wear a respirator safely before they are allowed to enter confined spaces with lack of ventilation. Hearing Protection Noise pollution is not a major issue in the project. However, the following measures shall be taken if anybody is to work in a noisy area: When effective engineering controls are not feasible or while they are being implemented or evaluated, hearing protection shall be used to protect the health of workers. Hearing loss of speech frequencies may occur with elevated long-term exposure to noise. The use of hearing protectors gives the best results C7-0

171 to users who are well informed of the risks and trained in their use. If earplugs are used, special attention shall be paid to the proper fitting technique. Hearing protectors shall be so procured that they are comfortable, and the users shall be trained to use them properly. Special attention shall be paid to possible increased risk of accidents due to the use of hearing protectors. Earmuffs reduce the capacity to locate sound sources and prevent warning signals from being heard. This is especially true for workers with considerable hearing loss. No model is suitable for all persons. Those wearing hearing protectors shall be able to choose from alternative products that meet the attenuation criteria. Earplugs shall not be the only solution as not all people can wear them. Hearing protectors shall be made available at the entrance to the noisy area and they shall be put on before entering the noisy area. Noisy areas shall be indicated by appropriate signs. The attenuation of hearing protectors works well only if they are well maintained. Good maintenance consists of cleaning, changing replaceable parts such as cushions, and overall monitoring of the state of the hearing protector. Hearing protectors shall be evaluated through an audiometric test programme for exposed workers. Protection from Falls When other measures do not eliminate the risk of falling, workers shall be provided with and trained in the use of appropriate fall protection equipment, such as harnesses and lifelines. Only certified workers shall be allowed to work at height. Workplaces and traffic lanes in which there are fall hazards or which border on a danger zone shall be equipped with devices which prevent workers from falling into or entering the danger zone. Devices shall be provided to prevent workers from falling through floors and openings. Safety harnesses shall be worn where required and the lifeline shall be attached to an adequate anchor point. C7-

172 Harnesses shall be chosen that are safely used with other PPE that may be worn simultaneously. Appropriate and timely rescue shall be provided when using fallarrest equipment to prevent suspension trauma. Plan of evaluation of health of workers By pre designed format during pre placement and periodical examinations. Proper schedule will be devised and followed with help of occupational health experts and doctors. Health effects of metals used and health hazard plans based on monthly correlation of these metal related diseases and people affected. Schedule of medical check-up during operational phase Comprehensive Pre-employment medical check up for all employees General check up of all employees once every year. Medical examination will be done for all the employees after retirement and all those employees with more than 5 years of service leaving the company. After retirement, medical examination facility will be provided for a period of 5 years. Local hospitals and Govt. health monitoring system will be engaged. Dispensary and ESI facility will be provided to all workers as applicable All safety gears will be provided to workers and care will be taken by EMC that these are used properly by them. All safety norms will be followed 7.3 Disaster Management Plan 7.3. Introduction Even with all precautions, disasters may take place. As such, an Emergency Plan has been formulated to take care of any disaster in the plant and surrounding areas and is detailed as under: C7-2

173 In order to prevent occurrence of any disaster, the plant will be provided with various safety and disaster control facilities. Normally, in the plant, no major disaster affecting nearby population areas are foreseen. However, accidents inside the plant affecting workplace in vicinity cannot be ruled out. Work-force inside the plant shall be exposed to various high pressure system pipelines and vessels, acids and chemicals, fuel such as furnace oil and other process equipment which, if not properly operated and maintained, can cause serious accidents affecting life and property in the vicinity of accident site. In addition to these, numerous material handling systems, heavy road transport, high-tension electric lines, overhead cranes and various other handling and transport systems always have chances of accidents. For long, the corporate sector had been viewed as a separate entity perennially ranged at the other end of the spectrum vis-à-vis the society. Over the past few decades, this perception has undergone a complete metamorphosis and the existence of corporate sector is today intimately intertwined with the safety and well-being of the society. Rather the community today is the very raison d être of its being. It is the crux lending credence and substance to the world view of the corporate. The corporate sector and the society are being seen as complementary to each other heavily dependent upon each other for mutual existence and prosperity Definition of disasters A situation will be called a `Disaster' if it entails any one or more of the following factors: Risks of loss of human lives - ten or more in one single situation. Loss of property as a consequence of the incident is over Rs. Crore and/or bears a potential to the above. A situation which goes beyond the control of the available resource of the plant. A situation apparently may not have much loss but its long-term C7-3

174 severity can affect loss of life, production and property. The types of possible disaster are given below: Type of disasters i) Disaster due to emergencies on account of: - Fire - Explosion - Oil spillage - Spillage of toxic chemicals - Electrocution ii) Disaster due to natural calamity on account of: - Flood - Earth quake / cyclone / Storm / Cloud burst / Lightning iii) Disaster due to external factors on account of: - Food poisoning / Water poisoning - Sabotage Objectives Objectives of the disaster control/management plan for the proposed plant are: i. To identify type of major disasters this may occur in the plant. ii. To collect data on type of disasters which has happened already in other iron & steel plants. iii. An action plan to handle disaster. iv. Facilities for coal and fuel oil -Fire/spillage Identification of Hazardous Process/Area Induction Furnace/ Ladle Refining Furnace: Hot metal spillage, steam explosion, Fire & Electrocution Continuous Casting Plant: Hot metal spillage Re-heating Furnace: Fire and explosion Rolling Mills: Hot metal spillage Fuel Oil tanks: Fire & Spillage C7-4

175 Electrical Rooms: Fire & Electrocution Transformer area: Fire & Electrocution Level of Accident If there is any disaster in any part of the plant /work place due to any reason, the area which may be affected can be classified in the following four classes.. Level I - Operator level 2. Level II - Local/community level 3. Level III - Regional/ national level 4. Level IV - International level Level I, II and III class of accidents have been considered for the plant. Level I Under this level, disasters may happen due to fire, explosion, oil spillage and spontaneous ignition of inflammable materials. This level has probability of occurrence affecting persons inside the plant. The various shops, which have been mentioned as potential hazard areas, will be affected during this level of accident. Level II In case of sabotage/complete failure of all automatic control/warning systems; fuel oil storage area (the oil kept in tanks and covered by tank bund) which may leak out. However, the probability of this is very low due to adequate instrumentation, security and training of persons of the plant operating such system. Level III In case of sabotage/complete failure of all automatic control/warning systems, undetected leakage from the furnace; the resultant leakage of the flammable gases is a potential threat that can affect the region. However, with the proposed instrumentation, gas detection and alarm system, security and training of persons such a situation is unlikely. C7-5

176 7.3.7 Disaster Preventive Measures It is not easy to control a disaster in absence of contingency plans. For effective control of disaster, adequate manpower, technical know-how, alertness and internal help are necessary. In the proposed plant, following prevention measures will be taken to prevent disaster Plant layout: Design, manufacture and construction of all plant and machinery's and buildings will be as per national and international codes as applicable in specific cases and lay down by statutory authorities. Provision of adequate access ways for the movement of equipment and personnel are kept. Minimum two numbers of main plant gates for escape during disaster shall be provided. Siting of fuel oil storage shall be in protected fenced area inside tank bund Fire Fighting The proposed plant will be provided with a well-equipped fire-fighting group. The following fire-fighting equipment will be in place when the plant is commissioned. The types of fire extinguishers to be provided at different points are given in the Table 7.: Fire Tender : 2 No. Jeep : 4 No. Portable Extinguishers: as per detailed plan Foam generator : as per detailed plan Static tanks : as per detailed plan Table 7.: List of Fire Extinguishers Required at Different Locations Name of site Type Rotary Kiln Area CO 2 Type, Dry Chemical Type C7-6

177 Name of site Type IF area / LRF area. Cable galleries High voltage panel Various control rooms Various MCC rooms Various pump houses Fuel Tank Area In plant Guest Houses & offices Godowns Crusher House CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type Sand Baskets Dry Chemical powder type Foam type CO 2 Foam type Dry Chemical type However, prior to installation of fire station & safety equipment, an experienced and qualified Fire Officer as per Factories Act will be engaged to carry out in-depth study and advise on the selection of equipment Safety The proposed plant when fully commissioned will have a Safety Department manned by experienced and qualified engineers and staff whose main job will be to bring about safety consciousness amongst the work force in the plant. The Safety Department will conduct regular safety awareness courses/drills by organizing seminars and training of the personnel among the various working levels. C7-7

178 Safety awareness will also be created by the various posters highlighting the safe working practices in different shops, hazards in working area, public places and roads etc. Safety engineers of the plant will conduct regular checks and mock exercises on the safe working of their department and report will be given to departmental head for corrective measures to improve the safety conditions Training A department of training will also be set up to train officers. They will arrange training on safety accident prevention, first aid, hazard control, housekeeping and environmental management. Special emphasis with mock drills in disaster control will also be planned Communication In the proposed plant, there will be up-to-date communication facilities with telecommunication and mobile phones, walkie-talkies, loud speakers in each shop, office and gate to warn workers in case of an accident Contingency Plan The contingency plan has been prepared from the experiences of accidents that have occurred in various other Iron and Steel plants. The contingency plan being a dynamic plan will need periodical reviews and modifications with new experiences. Even with all precautionary measures taken to avoid disaster, disaster may occur. To tackle situations during and after disaster, a well-defined contingency plan is a must. A Disaster Control Room (DCR) will be set up having links with all plant control rooms. An officer will be manning the DCR. On getting information about any accident, the officer will verify from the affected plant control room and inform the Disaster Controller (DC) and/or other coordinators immediately Disaster Controller To declare "Disaster Emergency" after consulting the Sr. Officer available C7-8

179 and inform Fire Station Control Room to sound the sirens accordingly and arrange to convey the message in public addresses system. To report to DCR immediately. To receive messages from the communication center. To take decisions in consultation with the Commanding Officers of different services and convey them to the disaster point. To be responsible for planning and provisions of assistance from local authorities. To keep higher authorities informed about the situation. The decision of the Disaster Controller on any matter to meet the objective of disaster control plan will be final Officer In-Charge: Disaster Controller will nominate an officer whose functions will be as follows: Responsible for the operation of DCR and for the dispatch of messages. To decide on the priority of dispatch of messages. To keep liaison with all activities and give up to date and accurate appreciation of the situation To be responsible for the efficient organization of the Disaster Control Room Commanding Officers: The Commanding Officers of various services are designated Coordinator (services), Coordinator (Operation) and Coordinator (external services). The following are their functions: To report to the Control Post immediately on hearing "Disaster Siren". To keep Disaster Controller posted with the up-to-date information regarding manpower and material available concerning their respective services. C7-9

180 To advise Disaster Controller on all matters arising out of disaster. To assist Disaster Controller for provision of material and man power concerning his service. To convey message to his service teams through communication centre after consulting Disaster Controller To consult between themselves on matters related to more than one service and to decide on the action to be taken Casualty services The Commanding Officer of Casualty Services will be a medical officer. His functions will include: First aid service by first aid parties on the spot. Ambulance service for transport of casualties from the spot to nearest hospital. Procedure for treatment On getting a signal from the Disaster Control Room or information on telephone or hearing siren, the Sub-Commanding Officer of the Casualty service will report to hospital and doctor on call duty and first aid personnel will report to Disaster Control Room. The Ambulance with the driver will report to Disaster Control Room. First aid parties will render first aid to casualties at the place of occurrence and those requiring further treatment would be transported to the nearest hospital by ambulance. In case of extra help being required from outside Co-coordinator (Planning) will initiate for help in: Evacuating the casualties Essential assistance in first aid. Extra medical helps from neighboring hospital or main hospital. First Aid It is necessary to give first aid to the persons injured in disaster. First aid posts will be set up at all the identified high risk areas apart from the C7-20

181 Disaster Control Room. At each post 3 first aid personnel shall be kept in rotating shifts of 8 hours. Equipment Each member of the first aid will be provided with the following personal equipments Helmet : no Water bottle : no Torch : no First aid box : no Rescue and repair services The responsibility of effective working of Rescue and Repair Services are with Co-coordinator (Services) and Sub-Commanding Officers as follows: Rescue services To hand over the dead bodies and injured persons to first aid parties To extricate persons from the debris of collapsed building and save human lives To take immediate steps as may be necessary for the temporary support or demolition of buildings and structures, the collapse of which is likely to endanger life or obstruct traffic. To cut off supplies of water, steam & gas, electricity to damaged buildings /structures Each rescue party will be provided with the following equipment: Gas mask respirator Fire proximity suits Resuscitators Petromax lamp, Torches Axes/hand saw Fire entry suits Fire blankets Ropes Ladders C7-2

182 Rubber glove (Tested up to 25,000 voltage) Blankets Rubber shoes or Industrial shoes. Repair services To take up repair of damaged building roads and culverts. To maintain essential public utility services viz. water, electricity and sewage system. To take up quick repairs of the damaged machinery Fire fighting services Fire officer will be the Commanding Officer of Fire Fighting Services. Additional strength for firefighting which is beyond the control of fire station will come from security and maintenance personnel and if required form outside fire stations. The functions of the fire fighting group will be: To enforce all regulations for prevention of fire. To co-ordinate fire fighting activities To request neighboring industries and District Authority for rendering services of their fire fighting crew under mutual aid schemes, if necessary Traffic control The free movement of the fire vehicles and ambulance at the scene of fire/emergency is very important and therefore the security personnel on duty must ensure that all the roads at the scene of fire/emergency are kept clear and fire/emergency must not park their vehicles within 00 meters of fire, near fire hydrants, at road junction and at access roads. The ignition key should be left in the vehicles Training services The responsibilities of the training department in the context of disaster management shall be as given below. The faculty will consist of commanding officers/sub-commanding officers and/or their nominated officers. C7-22

183 To arrange training of volunteers/employees nominated by Commanding Officers of various services To arrange refresher training courses once in a year. To arrange mock drills, twice in a year. To make a list of employees trained in various specialized disasters so that they can be easily contacted to handle a particular type of disaster. The person concerned will immediately report to Disaster Control Room Depot and Transport services The responsibilities of the transport department in the context of disaster management shall be as follows: Dispatch of vehicle to the place of incident as per orders from the DCR. To get back the vehicle as soon as the work is completed. General administration of the depot including repair and maintenance of vehicle. Storage maintenance and inspection of equipment. Maintenance of discipline and moral. Ensuring adherence to the depot duties. Welfare of personnel in the depot. Vehicle repair The Sub-Commanding Officer and his staff will promptly attend to all major repairs of the essential vehicles under his supervision. For carrying out minor repairs, vehicle repair party will be detained at the depot. The party will be provided with a vehicle for quick movement. Commanding Officer will evolve a system such that he is apprised of the conditions of the vehicles scheduled at 3 PM daily during peace time. This is required so that the vehicles are available at a short notice Fuel The Commanding Officer will contact Coordinator external services for arrangement of fuel for vehicles during fuel crisis and stop supplying fuel to vehicles other than those, which are in use for disaster control. C7-23

184 Supply Services A senior person will head supply service from stores department. The responsibilities include: Planning, organizing and procuring, of necessary equipment/materials. Storage of equipment/materials at accessible location and quick distribution on demand. To obtain the requirement of equipment/ materials from Commanding Officers of various services for their respective services. To co-ordinate with Commanding Officer of Depot and Transport Services for transports required for distribution of equipment/ materials in consultation with DCR Salvage service The salvage services will be under the charge of Committee. This committee will be formed taking one person from stores and one from production. Their responsibilities will be: To salvage properties from debris To take care of such properties To co-ordinate patrolling with the help of, police and security personnel for the safeguard of valuable properties till the same are removed to a safe place. To return the properties to respective shop in-charges Welfare services Management of proposed plant will nominate one person from administration side as the Commanding Officer of welfare services. Emergency camps will be set up only in exceptional cases on available area. For this purpose necessary materials will be brought from nearby market. C7-24

185 The function of the welfare officer will include: To provide shelters to affected persons. To arrange enough stock of essential commodities To arrange clothing and medicines to affected persons. To arrange drinking water, if supply is disrupted, with the help of District Authorities Security services Chief Security Officer will be Commanding Officer, Security Services. Security services will be primarily responsible for the security of the plant. Commandant in consultation with co-ordinator (external service) will keep a close liaison with local police and district authorities. His functions will include: To control the vehicular traffic inside the plant. To help local police in patrolling the area of plant and outside the battery area, if necessary. To assist Fire fighting services in fighting fires. To assist in transporting injured persons. One jeep and one motor cycle will always be kept as reserve to cope with emergency demand and immediate mobility of security personnel Crash shut down of Units Section head will be the Commanding Officer for Crash Shut down of the units which are affected and may further aggravate disaster. He will shut down the affected unit(s) which may cause further disaster Public Relation Service The Officer-in-Charge of Public Relation Services will look after this job. His responsibilities are: To consult DC before communication, if required with outside C7-25

186 agencies. PRO will be the official spokesman for the proposed plant with outside agencies. PRO will arrange for photography and filming of the whole disaster as photography and filming of such incidents are of immense value for the purpose of investigation, training and education Fire and Explosion Fire officer will be the Commanding Officer of Fire Fighting Services. He is to ensure that: Plant fire fighting is activated Disaster Controller along with Commanding Officers takes overall charge of the situation DC will assess the situation for possible after effects of the fire in the plant and the surrounding areas likely to get affected DC will inform local authorities to send fire tenders, if necessary DC will inform the people of likely affected areas through communication system to leave the area and move to other areas earmarked, if necessary DC will inform coordinator, external services to inform the District authorities of the disaster and request them for help. To evacuate people from the affected areas outside the plant. To control the traffic and maintain law and order. To arrange medical aid for the affected people. DC will arrange inspection of affected areas to get firsthand knowledge of damages occurred Alarm System On receiving the message of `Disaster from Disaster Controller, fire station control room attendant will sound SIREN WAILING TYPE FOR 5 MINUTES. DC will arrange to broadcast disaster message through Public Address System. On receiving the message of Emergency Over from DC the fire station C7-26

187 control room attendant will give All Clear Signal by Sounding Siren straight for two minutes. The features of the alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic or misunderstanding during disaster. Actions to be taken on hearing the warning signal: On receiving the message of "Disaster" the following actions will be taken All the co-ordinators will report to the Disaster Control Room even if not contacted by the Cell The Commanding Officers and Sub-Commanding Officers will report to the place of accident. The Process Unit persons will remain ready in their respective units for crash shut down on the instruction from the co-ordinator. The persons from other sections will report to their respective officer. The concerned section (Civil, Engineering Services, Mechanical, Project etc.) will take immediate action to remove contractor s personnel outside the plant gate Disaster due to Natural Calamity and External Factors Most of the measures and processes shall be same as given under in-house disaster except that the disaster controller will contact the state/ district authorities for necessary instructions to co-ordinate with them Chemicals/Oil spillage The possibility of large chemical/oil spillage from the project is remote except in case of overflows going to storm drainage systems. However, DC will arrange to inform the following, in case of such an accident: State Pollution Control Board District authorities and request them to arrange patrolling of the area along with security personnel District authorities, to warn people in the affected area against fire/hazard that may occur and against the adverse effect of using water for any purpose DC will inform the people of likely affected areas through communication system to leave the area and move to other safe areas C7-27

188 earmarked. DC will inform co-ordinator, external services to inform the District authorities of the disaster and request them for help. To evacuate people from the affected areas outside the plant. To control the traffic and law and order. Disaster Controller along with Commanding Officers takes overall charge of the situation to arrange medical aid for the affected people. DC will arrange inspection of affected areas to get firsthand knowledge of damages occurred Cloud burst/lightning Cloud burst/lightning may lead to a situation which can lead to minor to major emergency. In such emergency, actions indicated under fire and explosion will be initiated Food poisoning In case of food poisoning in plant canteen the following actions will be taken: DC will contact District Authorities and seek their help, if necessary. Security Personnel and employees will help in transporting the affected people to various hospitals. Conclusion In view of the imperative need to meet the gigantic challenge posed by natural hazards, the successes achieved, the experience garnered and the onerous task ahead to secure safety and Disaster-free functioning of the corporate sector in the larger interests of the society and the people this envisages an entire gamut of issues connected with mainstreaming disaster management concerns in the developmental efforts at all levels and across a spectrum of sectors. The main themes to be addressed are C7-28

189 Ensuring that existing and upcoming industrial assets and infrastructure are disaster-resistant. Ensuring proper citing of industrial establishments considering hazard parameters. Making industrial processes and procedures inherently safe. Ensuring that transportation, storage, handling and usage of chemicals and other hazardous raw materials does not pose a threat to the nearby areas and environment. Development of on-site and off-site DM plans by industries in association with the District Administration. Conducting mock-drills at regular intervals to determine the efficacy of the DM plans. Preparation of inventory of corporate resources and uploading them on the IDRN India Disaster Resource Network. Large-scale association with awareness generation initiatives aimed at building the knowledge, attitude and skills of the common people for a safer habitat. To move away from relief-centric approach to a pro-active assault on vulnerabilities through risk management measures and capacity building of industrial personnel. Assessment and retrofitting of existing industrial infrastructure. Training of a core team of Structural Engineers for advising member industries on requisite mitigation measures in association with the Ministry of Home Affairs. Mainstreaming private sector participation in disaster management. Establishing linkages between private sector and the community. Networking knowledge on best practices and tools for effective disaster management. Development and implementation of appropriate risk transfer mechanisms. C7-29

190 7.4 Socio Economic Assessment Introduction Socio-Economic Impact Assessment (SEIA) refers to the systematic analysis of various social and economic characteristics of human being living in a given geographical area during a given period of study. The geographical area is often called Study Area or Impact Area. SEIA is carried out separately but concurrently with Environment Impact Assessment (EIA). The study area consists of core area where the project is located and a buffer area encircling the project area with a radius of 0 kilometers from the periphery of the core area. For every new project or existing project under expansion or tied for modernization or change in product mix, Socioeconomic Impact Assessment is mandatory. The Socio-economic impact assessment focuses the effect of the project on social and economic wellbeing of the community. The impact may be direct or indirect. Further, the impact may be positive or negative. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment (SEIA) It is multidisciplinary, using theories and methods from Sociology, Economics, History, Psychology, Geography etc. Socio-economic impact assessment of the study area of a project is pre-requisite before the project is put into implementation. The above assessment is made through a socioeconomic survey conducted by a team of experts that consist of a demographer, statistician, econometrician, social scientist, health expert and gender specialist. The outcome of the study relies on both quantitative and qualitative measure of impacts. The impacts are evaluated in terms of changes in community demographics, housing, employment & income, market effects, public services, retail business, quality of life and artistic qualities of the community. Qualitative assessment of community perceptions about development is an important measure of development impacts. Assessing proposed developments in socio-economic context help the community leaders and local people identify potential social equity issues, evaluate the adequacy of social services and determine whether the project has adverse effects on overall social well-being or not. C7-30

191 Objectives of SEIA The prime objective of the current study is to assess the impact of the proposed Steel Iron Project on socio-economic characteristics of people living in the study area. Further, it is to be established whether the impending impact would be direct or indirect. Furthermore, it is to be examined whether the said impact would be positive or negative. Lastly, it is to be comprehended if the impact is positive how long it would sustain or if it is negative how soon the same could be eased. Scope of SEIA The Scope of the study is as follows: a) To collect baseline data of the study area b) To comprehend socio-economic status of the people living in the study area. c) To analysis probable impact of the project on social and economic aspects in the study area. d) To evaluate the likely impact of the project on Quality of life of the people living in the study area. e) To ensure sustainability of positive impact. f) To suggest mitigation measures and agency responsible for taking action in case of adverse impact. Approach Research approach plays an important role to decide suitable methodology. It helps to develop research design and increase the effectiveness of research study. In the present study inductive approach has been adopted, which is also known as bottom top approach or climbing the hill approach. Under this approach data is first collected from primary and secondary sources. After scrutiny tables are generated in pre-designed formats. Subsequently, draft report is prepared after detail analysis of data. The final report is prepared after incorporating the comments and suggestions of the client. Steps taken to prepare the SEIA report C7-3

192 Step : Literature review which includes state profile, district profile, Pre feasibility report, maps etc. Step 2: Referring to TOR to get aware of the direction of the State Environment Impact Assessment committee. Step 3: Identification of the study area and important landmarks therein. Step 4: Preparation of List of villages and urban areas located in the study area and their distance and direction from the project site. Step 5: Grouping of villages and urban areas falling under core and buffer area. Step 6: Site visit to collect the facts through observations. Step 7: Firming up of approach and methodology. Step 8: Finalization of Questionnaires / Schedules Step 9: Collection of secondary data from Census Report, District profile, published literatures, administrative records etc. Step0: Collection of primary data from sample villages and households therein. Step : Manual scrutiny of field in schedules (Each field-in- schedule was scrutinized as per the scrutiny programme developed by GRC). The manual scrutiny aimed at removal of duplicate records, missing records, alien records and consistency checks. Step 2: Data entry and data validation. Step 3: Generation of Tables Step 4: Data Analysis and preparation of report. Methodology For SEIA of the proposed project, GRC India carries out systematic analysis of the various Socio-Economic characteristics, both in terms of quality and quantity. Accordingly, both quality and quantity data is being collected from secondary sources, which is the published data/information of the Census Authority. Records of the state and district administration are also referred to. C7-32

193 For collection of primary data a sample survey is being conducted in the rural areas as well as in selected wards of urban area of the study area. In each selected village and municipal ward, a specified number of representative households are being selected scientifically for collection of information through face to face interviews with the household head or any responsible member of the family. Census-cum sample survey in the core area Considering that the impact of the project is greatest in the core area and the same diminishes progressively as one move away from the core area to the periphery of the study area, a Census - cum Sample survey was conducted in the core area for collection of socio-economic data. It is treated as a census survey as all the villages located in the core area were surveyed for collection of information. Further, in each village a house hold survey was conducted by drawing representative samples from a list of households prepared after complete mapping and listing. Since collection of information from all the households in a village is time consuming and expensive sample survey approach was adopted for collection of information from the selected households in the above villages. Sample survey in the buffer area In the buffer area, where impact of the project progressively reduces with the distance from the project area two stage sample design was adopted. The first stage units were census villages and the ultimate stage units were households. In the study area there is no town or city. Hence, the question of adopting a separate sampling strategy for urban area does not arise. Sampling Unit The ultimate sampling unit is house hold. Sample Size While deciding the sample size the following factors were taken into account C7-33

194 Confidence Level (95 %, Table value:.96) Degree of precision (Δ): 0.5 Variation in population / Standard Deviation (σ) At each level of sampling the following formula was adopted to arrive at the sample size. = {(.96 *σ) / Δ} 2 Where = sample size,.96 is the table value of confidence limit, σ = standard deviation and Δ = degree of precision Table 7.2-Sample size at various stages is presented in the table below: Stage of Sampling Sample Remarks Size First Stage Unit (Census 07 One village (project village) in Villages) Core area and six in Buffer area Ultimate stage unit (Households) 0 0 households in core area and 60 households in Buffer Area Total 70 Households in Rural Area First Stage Unit (Municipal 04 All are in Buffer Area Wards) Ultimate stage unit (Households 2 84 Households in selected wards in ward) Total 84 Households in Urban Area Grand Total (Rural + Urban) 54 Households The selected villages are Beldih (Balidih project village), Agardi, Chainpur, Gopinathpur, Nawadih, Sijhua and Turio in the rural area and the selected wards are Bandh Dih (CT) WARD NO.-0, Chas (Nagar Parishad) WARD NO.-0, Chas (Nagar Parishad) WARD NO.-05 and Jena (CT) WARD NO.-0 in the urban area. Selection of sample villages in the rural areas The Villages were selected from a list frame developed by GRC. The sampling method Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) was adopted to select the villages, the size being number of households in the villages. Selection of households/enterprises Systematic sampling was adopted to select the households in a sample C7-34

195 village. Respondents The head of the selected household was the respondent for face to face interview and subsequent collection of information. Reference period The reference period for field survey was 365 days from the date of survey Tools for data collection The following schedules/questionnaires were developed to collect information from the head of the households during field survey. Schedule 0.0: House Listing: Schedule 0.0 was developed for listing of households in each selected village, which was later used as a frame for selection of households for collection of data. Questionnaire A: Village Questionnaire The village Questionnaire was developed for collection of village particulars from the Sarpanch or other village officials. Questionnaire 2: Household Questionnaire The Household Questionnaire was developed to collect information on various parameters from the selected households in a village. Each questionnaire was divided into several blocks. There were open ended and close ended questions. In the household questionnaire an attempt was made to collect information about the perception of the local people about the expansion Steel mining project in the district. Also an attempt was made to assess the needs of the community to identify the facilities that could be taken up by the project proponent under CSR activities. Study area The study area consists of lease area and buffer area. There are 33 villages and 4 towns in the study area. The expansion Steel mining C7-35

196 project is located at Bokaro, Steel City, Bokaro, Jharkhand. The entire study area is in Bokaro district. Thirty three villages have been identified in the study area and there are fourteen urban areas. The villages are spread over same district Bokaro. The total geographical area of the study area is sq. km. The density of population has been worked out to per square kilometer. There are no National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors in the core area. Bokaro City Park is located in the study area. The district Bokaro having forest cover less than 20% of geographical area. The District and Sub-district wise distribution of villages in the study area is presented in the table below: Table 7.3: Sub District wise Distribution of Villages in the Study Area: S. No. District/Sub-District Number of villages Number of Wards Bokaro Jaridih Chas Chandrapura 05-4 Petarwar 04-5 Nowadih 03-6 Kasmar 0-7 Berrno Chandankiyari 0 Total 33 4 The inhabitants of the study area mainly depend on large and medium industries employee and businesses. People involves in Government employees, businessman and milk as well as milk products. Bokaro district covers less than 20% agriculture land of total geographical area. The main crops of the study area are paddy and Maize. Besides paddy and maize wheat, potato and other vegetables, pulses, oilseed, sweet potato, mango, guava, jackfruit, custard, apple and sweet lime grow in abundance. Baseline data Baseline data refers to basic information collected before a C7-36

197 project/scheme is implemented. It is used later to provide a comparison for assessing impact of the project. Any attempt to collect base line data while undertaking actual impact assessment study is faced with recall error. The present report is provided with following base line data for the study area as a whole. Demographic Particulars ) Total Population by gender and sector 2) Number of households and household size 3) Population of 0-6 age group 4) Sex ratio for overall population and population belonging to 0-6 age group 5) Total number of literates 6) Distribution of literates by gender 7) Literacy rate and Gender gap in literacy rate 8) Total number of workers and work participation rate 9) Distribution of workers by gender 0) Main and Marginal workers and their distribution by gender ) Classification and distribution of workers into Cultivators, Agricultural Labor, Household Industrial Workers and Other Workers Basic Amenities ) Institutional Education Facilities 2) Institutional and non-institutional Medical Facilities. 3) Drinking Water Facilities 4) Availability of Power 5) Road Network 6) Banking Facilities Demographic particulars of the study area The baseline data are consists of demographic particulars and C7-37

198 amenities. The data presented in the table below pertains to study area as a whole. This has been worked out by adding the villages and towns level data. Statement indicating village level population, sex ratio, literacy rate, workers participation rate and dependency rate in the study area is attached at the end of Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Section of this report. Table 7.4: Demographic Particulars of the Study Area S.N. Description Number Percentage to Respective total Gender wise total Population of the Study area Male Female Sex Ratio (No. of females per 000 males) Gender wise total Population (0-6 age group) Male Female Sex Ratio of 0-6 age group population (No of females per 000 males) 3 Number of Households of the study area Average House Hold size for the study area 5 as a whole Highest Household size in the study area 6 Lowest Household size in the study area 4 4 Total Population of Schedule Caste Community in the study area Male Female C7-38

199 Sex Ratio (No. of females per 000 males) Total Population of Schedule Tribe Community Male Female Sex Ratio (No. of females per 000 males Total population of General Community (including OBC) Male Female Sex Ratio of General Community population (including OBC) (No. of females per 000 males 7 Total Literates in the study area Male Female Over all literacy rate in the study area 80.6 Male 88.6 Female 7.6 Gender gap in literacy rate Total Workers in the study area Male Female Overall Gender Gap in work participation 62.6 rate Overall Dependency Rate of Non-workers over workers 9 Total Main Workers in the study area Male Female C7-39

200 Over all gender gap in work participation 74.0 rate of main workers 0 Total Marginal Workers in the study area Male Female Over all gender gap in work participation 30.0 rate of Marginal workers Total Household Industrial Workers in the Study Area Male Female Total Agricultural Workers in the study Area Male Female Total Cultivators in the Study Area Male Female Total Agricultural Labour in the Study Area Male Female Total Others Worker in the Study Area Male Female Source: Census 20 Current Socio-economic status Population Compositional According to 20 Population Census the study area has a total population of persons that includes males and C7-40

201 females. The share of male population to the total population is 52.7 percent whereas the share of female population to the total population is 47.3 percent. Further 2.7 percent of the total population is in the age group of 0-6 years. The overall sex ratio in the study area has been worked out to 000 females per 000 males, which is less than the national average of 940 females per 000 males. The sex ratio in the study area is 898, The Sex ratio of the population of age group 0-6 years in the study area has been worked out to females per 000 males, which is less than national average of 94 females per 000 males. Households There are households in the study area and the average household size is 5. The highest household size in the study area is 6 and the lowest is 4. Social Structure In the study area the total number of persons belonging to scheduled tribe population is 75738, which is 2.0 percent of total population. The gender wise distribution of schedule tribe population is male 50.4 percent and female 49.6 percent. The Scheduled Caste community form.5 percent of the total population. In absolute term their number is Of the total Scheduled Caste population 52.3 percent is male and the remaining 47.7 percent is female. The literate Schedule Castes are engaged in trade, commerce & industry, private & government services including police and armed forces. The Schedule caste people are further divided in groups, subgroups, castes and sub-castes. Literacy Status All persons aged seven years and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any language have been considered as literate in this study. The total number of literate persons in the study area is 44243, which is 70.3 percent of the total population. Of the total literates 57.9 percent are male and the remaining 42. percent are C7-4

202 female. The overall literacy rate has been worked out to 80.6 percent. The gender wise distribution of literacy rate is 88.6 percent for male and 7.6 percent for female, creating a gender gap of 7.0 percent. Workers A worker has been defined as a person who participates in a productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit and such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. A worker may be a main worker or a marginal worker. The main workers are those workers who had worked for the major part (more than six months) of the reference period (i.e. 365 days from the date of survey). The marginal workers are those who had worked for less than six months during the last 365 days from the date of survey. The total number of workers in the study area is Of the total workers 8.3 percent are males and the remaining 8.7 percent are females. The main workers constitute 74.2 percent of the total work force, while marginal workers from 25.8 percent of the total working population. Further classification of the workers has revealed that in the study area about 3.2 percent of the total workers are agricultural workers, 3.2 percent is household industrial workers and the remaining 83.6 percent are Other Workers. Furthermore, of the total agricultural workers about 5.9 percent are cultivators and 48. percent are agricultural labor. The Other Workers include white collar workers, blue collar workers, informal workers, industrial workers, mine workers etc. Dependency Ratio Based on total number of workers in the study area the overall dependency ratio has been estimated at This indicates that unemployment situation in the study area is extremely grim. C7-42

203 Basic Amenities: Table7.5: Basic Amenities Available in the Study Area. EDUCATION Educational Institutions 2. HEALTH Health Facilities 3. WATER Drinking Water Type Primary School Middle School Secondary School Senior Secondary School College (Arts & Science) Training School Adult Literacy Centre Polytechnic Institutes Short Hand & Typewriting Institutes Allopathic Hospital Allopathic Dispensary Ayurvadic Dispensary Maternity Home Health Centre Primary Health Centre Primary Health Sub-Centre Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP) Subsidized Medical Practitioners (SMP) Community Health Workers (CHW) Other Center Means of Drinking Water Available Tap Tank Hand pump Tube well C7-43

204 4. ELECTRICITY Electricity Supply 5. ROAD Approach Road 6. FINANCIAL FACILITY Banking & Credit Society Well River Canal Type of Electricity Available Power for Domestic Uses Power for Agriculture Uses Power for Road Light Power for Other (Industrial) Uses Types of Road (s) Available Paved Roads Mud Roads Foot Roads Commercial Banks Cooperation Banks Agriculture Credit Societies Non-agriculture Credit Societies Assessment of likely Socio-Economic Impact. Impact on Demographic Composition Consequent to expansion of the Steel Plant at Bokaro, Jharkhand there will be no significant increase in overall population of the study area as local people will be mainly recruited for employment. The migrants from distant places will be kept bare minimum. Hence, there will be no significant impact on the population composition in the study area. After expansion of the existing unit the increase in population will be marginal. Since there will be no significant change in population, the overall sex ratio will remain more or less same. C7-44

205 2. Impact on Employment Opportunities The greatest impact of the expansion of the existing Steel Plant is creation of employment opportunities for the local people. The expansion of the steel plant will generate employment opportunities first at project implementation stage and subsequently at operational stage. After the expansion of the plant, the total man power requirement will be around 50. Creation of employment opportunities is a positive impact of the project on socio-economic aspects of people living in the study area. 3. Industrial Development It is expected that with the expansion of M/S Sunderam Steel Pvt. Ltd, Bokaro the scope for further industrialization of the area will increase tremendously. Many ancillary and downstream industries may come up in the area. The Ancillary units are small firms manufacturing and supplying intermediate goods, typically to large firms. The advantages of an ancillary unit are (a) master units supply some crucial inputs required by the ancillary units to ensure uninterrupted operations and (b) the ancillary unit may enjoy the benefit of locational proximity to the master unit which reduces transportation cost. Among the downstream industrial units that may come up are Coal tar lag processing, Coke briquettes, Cement plants using bottom ash, Granulated slag cement plant, Steel utensils, Industrial fasteners, Refining of used lubricating oil and sheet metal works. 4. Impact of Proposed expansion of Steel Plant on Supply of iron and steel products The Steel industry plays a significant role in India s economic growth. It is the 4th largest steel producer in the world and aiming to become the 2 nd largest producer of crude steel in the world by Global steel giants from across the world have shown interest in the industry due to its phenomenal performance in the recent years. The major demand drivers are construction, automobile and manufacturing sectors. The steel production in India has increased by a compounded annual growth rate C7-45

206 (CAGR) of 8 percent during the period to It is projected to be higher than the world average in the near future. Currently the per capita consumption of steel in India is around 46 kg, which is well below the world average of 50 kg and that of developed countries is 400 kg. The demand for steel is projected to rise to 200 million tons by the year 205. According to Ministry of Steel India's steel production increased to mn tons in when compared to mn tons recorded in the previous year. The steel output touched 9.57 mn tons during April-June (203) period while imports touched.33 mn tons. The production of steel during 20-2 was mn tons. The above data shows that there is still a huge gap between the demand and supply of steel products in India. The gap will continue to widen if there is no capacity expansion either by setting up new units or expansion of the existing units. The expansion of the steel plant is a positive step in favor of increasing production capacity. The existing gap between demand and supply of steel in India will decrease to certain extent when the above unit will start production. This is a positive impact of the project. 5. Impact on Agriculture Since, the proposed project is an expansion of the existing unit and does not need any additional land other than what the project proponent possess, there will be no negative impact on the agricultural yield in the study area due to the proposed project. 6. Impact on Law & Order No major law & order problem is envisaged due to the expansion of the Steel Project. It is expected that the workers will attend to their duties from their residences located within the plant premises and return to their homes after the day s work. 7. Impact on Health Facilities Hazards and Accidents in Steel Industry are very common. There are C7-46

207 variety of potential hazards including electrocution, fire, falls, cuts & scratches and exposure to toxic substances. Steel is notoriously known as a hazardous industry and workers are exposed to several health hazards. Due to prolonged exposure of working in hot conditions, noisy environment and vibration due to machines, workers face several health hazards which require urgent treatment. Gases emitted while working in several departments also cause health problems for the workers. To resolve any kind of health hazard and accident in the steel plant there are many safety guards for the workers. For protection from dust and other materials it may be made compulsory for all workers to wear masks and gloves while working in the plant. Further, wearing of helmets is compulsory to avoid impending danger. There will also be a well-developed medical unit with trained MBBS doctors and other medical staffs in the steel plant. 8. Impact on Approach Roads Movement of trucks and other vehicles to and fro the quarry site is expected to increase substantially, when the construction and operation of the mine will commence. The existing roads connecting the quarry with the national and state highways are narrow. There will be mud slide and traffic bottle neck if the road is not widened and their conditions are not improved to support heavy truck traffic. Hence, there is a wide scope for road development in the area. 9. Provision of First Aid The first aiders must be well trained in handling patients working in Bauxite mines. 0. No work for temporal disabilities The workers having temporary disability must stop doing the job till he/she recovers from disabilities.. Special telephone number A special telephone number will be made available to the workers in case of emergency so that they can dial the same for medical assistances. Further, efforts will be made to provide vehicles to the patients in short duration for C7-47

208 shifting to the health institutions. 2. Special Group Insurance Scheme All the mine workers have been planned to be covered under a Group Insurance Scheme of LIC or any other Insurance company. Perception of the local people During the site visit people living in the study area were asked to indicate their perception about the expansion steel iron at village Beldih (Balidih). All of them welcomed the project as it will provide employment to the local people. They emphasized that by promoting such employment oriented projects the economic condition of the common people can be improved. Any delay in commissioning of the project will aggravate un-employment situation in the area. The overall perception of the people in the study area on the project was Very Good. They said that they welcome the project whole heartedly if employment opportunities in the project are exclusively guaranteed for the local people. C7-48

209 CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.0 Project Benefits The proposed project is expansion of existing sponge iron plant from x 90 TPD to 72,000 TPA CC billet plant in Bokaro district will help in industrial development and generate job opportunities for the local population. The people residing in the nearby areas will be benefited directly and indirectly as well. It is anticipated that the proposed expansion of project will provide benefits in all important aspects. 8. Beyond Steel: The Responsibilities Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to responsibility of a company to ensure positive impact on environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of public sphere. It is a new concept in the mining sector and the companies are still going through the learning curve. The CSR activities are increasingly taken up by the project proponents not only as fulfilling of mandatory provisions but also for the formation and or enhancement of brand image. Besides the above, CSR is seen more as a responsibility towards society rather than a business promotion activity. It is the need of the day for expansion of occupational welfare. The project proponent of the expansion Steel Iron mining project has already identified the activities, which are proposed to be undertaken for the benefits of the local community. This will not only improve the socio-economic status of the people but also enhance the reputation of the project proponent among the general public. It is proposed to spend five percent of the total cost of the project for the benefits of the local community under CSR activities. The total cost of the project as already mentioned in the beginning of this report is Rs. 55 Cores and C8-

210 the amount earmarked for CSR activities has been worked out to Rs Cores. It is proposed to spend the above amount during the first five year period. Based on Community Needs Survey conducted in the study area by the Consultant appointed by the company the following activities are proposed to be taken up for the benefits of the local community, which mostly consist of tribal people. Construction of Public Toilets in selected villages The project proponent proposes to construct Public Toilets in 50 selected villages in the study area in a phase manner. It has been estimated that the cost of construction of one such toilet will be around Rs. 2 Lakhs. It has planned to construct ten such toilets in each year. Development of Drainage System in selected villages There is no drainage system in the villages in the study area, as a result there is water logging that breeds mosquitoes and spreads water borne diseases. To make the villages free from health hazards it is proposed to develop Drainage system in selected villages. Purchase of two Ambulances fully equipped to manage basic Medical & Surgical emergencies The rural areas of the study area are awfully lacking in medical facilities. Even for ordinary diseases the villagers have to rush to District Hospital, Bokaro for immediate consultation. During emergencies shifting of patients to hospitals becomes nightmare due to lack of transport facilities. It is therefore proposed to procure two fully equipped ambulances with necessary fittings for providing basic medical & surgical services. Supply of medicines to charitable dispensaries Most of the charitable dispensaries in the study area run short of medicines for treating the patients. Often, they do not have fund to C8-2

211 procure the same from the market. To augment the supply of medicines to the above dispensaries it has been planned to provide financial grants to them. Holding of Awareness campaigns on Women Empowerment Female literacy rate is not good in the study area. So they are not yet aware of their rights provided by the constitution. They are still looked down by their male counterpart in the society and their opinions are not taken in all the important decisions in the family and society. It is therefore proposed to hold awareness campaigns on women empowerment both in rural and urban areas of the study area at regular intervals. Repairing of Village Roads The roads in the villages are in depleted conditions. They need immediate repairs and proper maintenance. The project proponent plans to repair them so that they could be used by the villagers at ease. Spraying of insecticides for protection from mosquito menace Most of the villages were found facing mosquito menace; as a result the villagers are exposed to Malaria, Dengue etc. The project proponent has therefore planned to spray insecticides in the mosquito affected villages. Grant of Scholarship to meritorious girl students of class V-XII. Scholarship will be granted to the meritorious girl students of class V to XII. Class wise no. of students and amount to be paid annually will be as follows: i. Class V: Rs.500 each to 20 students, ii. Class VI: Rs.500 each to 20 students, iii. Class VII: Rs.500 each to 20 students, iv. Class VIII: Rs.500 each to 20 students, v. Class IX: Rs each to 20 students, vi. Class X: Rs each to 20 students, C8-3

212 vii. Class XI: Rs each to 20 students, viii. Class XII: Rs each to 20 students. Skill building interventions Three hundred selected young people between age group 8 and 30 will be covered under skill development training program during the 5 years period. Each year 60 such young people will be covered under the programme. Care will be taken to select more people from the rural areas and from backward castes. Construction of Bus Shelters The villages in the study area are not yet provided with bus shelters. As a result the passengers are exposed to hot sun during summer and rains during monsoon period. It is therefore proposed to construct bus shelters in few villages where bus passengers are greater in number. The year wise tentative allocation of funds for various activities proposed to be taken up by the project proponent under CSR programme is provided in the table below: Table 8.: Year wise allocation of funds for the various CSR activities proposed to be taken up S. No. Activities Year -I Allocation of Fund (Rs. Lakhs) Year- II Year- III Year- IV Year- V Total Construction of Public Toilets in selected villages 2 Development of Drainage System in selected villages C8-4

213 3 Purchase of two Ambulances fully equipped to manage basic medical & surgical emergencies 4 Supply of medicines to charitable dispensaries 5 Holding of Awareness campaigns on Women Empowerment 6 Repairing of Village Roads 7 Spraying of insecticides for protection from mosquito menace 8 Grant of Scholarship to meritorious girl students of class V-XII. 9 Skill building interventions 0 Construction of Bus Shelters Total All the ten activities listed above for community development will be implemented in close collaboration with the village Sarpanch / Pradhan. Conclusion The commissioning of the project will provide employment to local people who are in search of the same. The granting of environment clearance to M/S Sundaram Steels Pvt. Ltd will make legally valid and it will generate revenue for the state. It is expected that prospective entrepreneurs will venture to set up C8-5

214 industrial units in the vicinity in the near future making the area a mixed society, dependent on industry, trade, business and agriculture. With the implementation of this Sundaram Steels Project the occupational pattern of the people in the area will change making more people engaged in industrial and business activities. The study area is still lacking in health and educational facilities. It is expected that same will improve to a great extent with the opening of the Project and associated industrial and business activities. The overall impact of the project is expected to be positive for the habitants of the area, the Government and the person associated with the project. 8.2 Employment The impact of plant on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The proposed expansion of plant activities will provide employment to persons of different skills and trades. After expansion of the plant the total manpower will be approximately 50. The employment potential will ameliorate economic conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other families indirectly who are involved in transportation of employees, transportation of product to nearest port, canteen services and green development work. 8.3 Suggested Measures In order to mitigate the anticipated adverse impacts, if any due to the proposed project, an action plan covering mitigative measures on environmental and social issues have been developed. The proposed plan clearly focuses on the key issues, and recommends effective implementation for negating the environmental and social impacts in a systematic manner, and promoting sustainable development of the community in the project expansion period. C8-6

215 8.4 Rainwater Harvesting Hydro-Meteorology The normal annual rainfall of the district is mm. During monsoon season, whatever rainwater is collected in the premises of project area, i.e. through, Building/ roof area, Road/ Paved area, Green belt area and open land will be utilized to use in the plant. It is proposed to implement rain water harvesting structures catchment wise by diverting the runoff that is generated from the roof area, paved area, roads and unpaved area for storage into the specified storage pond. Based on the site plan and the land use pattern of the project area, the computation of runoff for each unit has been worked out and details are tabulated in Table Areas taken into Consideration for Rainwater Harvesting Total area of the project is,0,000 sq. m. The area can be divided as follows; Table 8.2: Details of Area Particulars Area (m 2 ) Roof top Area 50,500 Paved Area 4,040 Unpaved area 46,460 Total Area,0,000 Hence total area of the complex i.e,0,000 sq.m has been taken into consideration for rainwater harvesting and storage pond for collection Runoff Generation Factor Runoff generation for rooftop buildings is taken as 85%, Runoff generation for paved area taken as 60 % C8-7

216 Runoff generation for green area taken as 25 % Intensity of Rainfall Maximum intensity of rainfall in July is taken as mm Runoff Generation Taking into account the maximum intensity of rainfall in the project area in monsoon, (ref. Climatological Data Book IMD for Dhanbad) is as follows: Table 8.3: Rain Water harvesting pond size calculation Rainfall mm/m Ground Covera ge Run-off factor Total Run-off Cumulati ve runoff Cumulat ive demand Differenc e (m 3 ) Month June July August Septem ber Octobe 0.09 r Novem ber Decem ber Januar 0.0 y Februa ry March April May C8-8

217 Cumulative runoff Cumulative runoff Cumulative demand Figure 8.-Graph of Cumulative runoff VS Cumulative demand Maximum runoff difference demand in October = = m 3. Surplus runoff in May = = Total runoff required = = 437 0% for the safe side = = 5808 ~ 6000 Recommendation says 6000 m 3 capacity of storage tank. C8-9

218 based Integrated Steel plant CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9. Introduction The Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlines the environmental management system that will be implemented during the detailed design and expansion works of the project for minimization of deleterious effects on environment. It consists of the set of mitigation, management, monitoring and institutional measures to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. The aims of EMP are: Overall conservation of environment Minimization of waste generation and pollution. Judicious use of natural resources and water. Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents. Monitoring of cumulative and long time impacts. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. will set up an Environmental Management Division (EMD) in order to manage environmental issues along with suitable organizational structure with clear definition of a range of required activities, powers and responsibilities. They will interact with statutory bodies and Plant Safety Department and manage environmental and safety issues at plant level. The EMD will be provided with state of the art laboratory for carrying out monitoring and analysis of air, water, noise and shall keep the regional/ local statutory bodies informed about the status of pollution control with intimation to the Corporate Office. M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. will arrange professional training for EMD personnel. Adequate training shall be provided to the team for monitoring and C9-

219 based Integrated Steel plant continuous analysis of the pollutants, meeting the legal requirements and environmental management system. Corporate Environmental Policy The importance of environmental Management has been recognized by M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. Management very early and M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. has taken necessary steps to identify environmental aspects and control those aspects which generate pollution in the plant, respond to impacts on its own captive population and also in the peripheral areas. It has already adopted a two-pronged strategy to abate pollution, as follows: Provision of Installation of state of art pollution control equipment at the design stage itself. By developing a very strong monitoring/analysis and inspection setup for statutory compliances. The above objective has been intended to be achieved through the following: a) Improvement in the quality and appropriateness of raw materials as per design philosophy. b) Using automation & Computer control to have improvement on technology and on working condition, c) Pollution Monitoring and environmental management, d) Implementation of occupational health set up including regular medical monitoring of employees, e) A well developed safety management system, f) Preparation of Emergency/Disaster Management Plan and a properly trained group to meet the emergency situations, g) Green belt development inside the plant and township. h) Development of awareness among employees and public including student population towards environmental conservation, i) R & D activities with respect to specific pollution problems. M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. management has given maximum importance for adopting latest technologies for keeping the pollution to minimum levels. C9-2

220 based Integrated Steel plant The EMD is the nodal agency within the plant to deal with all environmental issues arising out operation of various plant units and for ensuring compliance with all the statutory requirements, including: Environmental Clearance conditions Consent to operate conditions Hazardous Waste Authorization 9.2 Manpower for EMD M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. will set up an Environmental Management Division (EMD). They will interact with statutory bodies and Plant Safety Department and manage environmental and safety issues at plant level. Executive Director (Works) of plant operation is the head of Environmental Management. The EMD will be provided with a well-equipped laboratory for carrying out monitoring and analysis of air, water, noise and shall keep the regional/ local statutory body informed about the status of pollution control with intimation to the Corporate Office EMD. M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. will arrange professional training for EMD personnel. Adequate training shall be provided to the team for monitoring and continuous analysis of the pollutants, meeting the legal requirements and environmental management system. 9.3 Organizational Set Up Environmental monitoring and reporting has been designed to provide a close watch on the surrounding natural environment and provide early warnings of any adverse changes that may be related to the plant operations. M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. commits itself the following environment friendly measures and implement the same from time to time: Improvement in the quality of raw materials. Best available technology for manufacturing operations in proposed plant. Using automation & computer control to improve technology and working conditions. Pollution Monitoring and Control. C9-3

221 based Integrated Steel plant Occupational health check including regular medical monitoring of employees. A Safety Management Team. Preparation of Emergency/ Disaster Control Plan (DMP) and a trained group to meet the emergency situations. Green belt development inside the plant. Employee awareness on environmental preservation. R & D activities with regard to specific pollution problems. Optimize energy and water consumption. Maintenance of pollution control systems as per technological norms. The EMD of the proposed project will be headed by Chief Executive of the company under him a dedicated team of Head of Environment, Environment Officers, Senior Chemist and Lab Assistant will work to deal with the environmental issues for ensuring compliance stipulated in environmental clearance conditions and report non compliance as well. The above system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company to take corrective and precautionary action to mitigate the problems in future will be implemented. The department will be the nodal agency to coordinate and provide necessary services on environmental issues during construction and operation of the project. This group will be responsible for implementation of Environment Plan and interaction with the environmental regulatory agencies, reviewing draft policy and planning. This department will interact with Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB), Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Central Pollution Control Board and other environment regulatory agencies. The existing organization structure of the EMD as given in Figure-6.. will be continued as Figure 9.. C9-4

222 Steels Pvt. Ltd. based Integrated Steel plant Figure-9.. Organization structure of the Environment Monitoring Division Chief Executive Electrical Safety officer Occupational Health centre AVP (HR&IR) Management representative Chief Manager Sr. Manager Environment () Medical Officer ISO 400, 800 Env. Clearance Engineer Maintenance and Data Analysis (2) Medical Officer Shift security officer Inspector Fire fighting and housekeeping Departmental Coordinator Executive legal SHE Gardners C9-5

223 9.4 Environment Management Plan: Operation Phase Based on the findings of the EIA and consideration of the necessity to limit environmental impact during operation, the following general guidelines have been devised for incorporating into the tender document. Drinking water facility available Rest room already provided Medical facility already provided Training on occupational health & safety for employees and casual workers. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) is provided during operation phases. The standard specifically covers personal protective equipment for Head, Eyes, Face, Hands, Foot, Body (protective clothing), Respiratory devices and Protective shields and barriers. List of PPE are given below: Safety Helmets Safety Shoes Hand Gloves Safety Goggles Ear Plugs Nose mask Welding / Cutting safety Goggles Face shield Ear plug The company has developed and adopted a safety policy & procedure. C9-6

224 9.5 Pollution Control/ Mitigation Measures M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. committed itself to the following environment friendly measures and Pollution Controlling/Mitigating Measures is implemented the same from time to time; Air pollution: Table-9.: Air Pollution Control System Sl. Units Fuel Used Air Pollution Control Stack Height (in m) No. Devices Installed DRI Kiln Coal/Lignite (Electrostatic 30 Precipitator) ESP 2 DRI Kiln Coal/Lignite (Electrostatic 30 dedusting system Precipitator) ESP 3 IF+LRF Electricity Bag Filters 30 4 Material handling area - Dust extraction/ dust suppression system - Water Pollution Control Major sources of water pollution are: Waste water from Process Plant Runoff from factory premises Runoff from stock yards and solid waste dump yards. The pollutants present in the waste water will be reduced to acceptable levels by adoption of the following schemes: Re-circulation water in the process Collection of storm/rain water for harvesting C9-7

225 Providing adequate treatment units for removal of the suspended and colloidal matter. Neutralization of acidic water by lime Noise pollution control Noise is generated from drives, fans, compressors, vibrations from rotating machines and from furnaces. Noise level shall be 75dB (A) maximum at m distance from the noise emitting unit. Many operations in the plant will produce objectionable level of noise, which may not be practicable to eliminate entirely, but in most areas it can be brought down to the acceptable level. Various measures proposed to reduce the noise pollution include reduction of noise at source and provision of acoustic lagging for equipment. Some areas where due to technological process, it is not feasible to bring down the noise level within acceptable limits, personnel working in these areas will be provided with noise reduction aid such as ear muffler and also the duration of exposure of the personnel will be limited as per the norms. Guidelines for Noise Control Measures are: Providing insulating caps and aids at exit of noise source on the machinery. Using material like thin rubber or lead sheets to wrap work places like, DG sets etc. Adopting efficient flow techniques for noise associated with high fluid velocity and turbulence. Acoustic sealing, providing shock-absorbing techniques, inlet and outlet mufflers. Providing absorbing material on roofs, walls and floors to reduce reflected noise. C9-8

226 Isolation of noise emitting unit in a separate acoustic proof premises such as in case of compressors, blowers, etc. Solid Waste management Solid waste produced from productivity improvement plant is char, IF/LRF slag, mill scale, scrap, refractory bricks and dust from air pollution control system. Management of Slag The char coming from DRI plant is an alternative fuel for power generation. The char contains low carbon. It will be sold to nearby power plant. Management of Slag Slag from Induction Furnace is crushed to recover iron pieces. The rest crushed slag is easy to handle for transportation. It will be stored temporarily in slag dump yard. An MOU will be signed with concerned agency for disposal of slag. Ladle Refining Furnace slag, which is much small in quantity, is not suitable for road construction. Hence, it will be used for low lying land fill. Management of Refractory Bricks The refractory waste comprising used fire clay bricks, high alumina bricks, magnesite-carbon bricks, insulation bricks etc coming out of plant will be sold to contractor for refractory brick plant. Management of scrap All scrap will be re used in furnace for re melting. Management of Dust (From Air Pollution Control System) The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008, has classified this as Hazardous Waste. The dust from air pollution control system which contains some percentage of Fe is packed in HDPE bags and stored in go-down and the same is transported to SPCB approved agency for land filling. C9-9

227 Green Belt Development Adequate green belt will be provided all around the plant and inside the plant premises including other forms of greenery like lawns, nursery, gardens, etc. in more than 33% of the area. Locally available types of trees which are resistant to pollutants will be planted. A green belt or tree plantation around the plant helped to arrest the effects of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the area besides playing a major role in environmental conservation efforts. The green belt would; Mitigate gaseous emissions Have sufficient capability to arrest accidental release. Effective in wastewater reuse. Maintain the ecological balance. Control noise pollution to a considerable extent. Prevent soil erosion. Improve the Aesthetics Taking the above-mentioned criteria into consideration, the proposed green belt would be covering around 33% of the total area. The green belt would be consisting of shrubs, trees, avenue trees, revenue trees, crops and potted plants. All the species suggested are pollution tolerant, besides having an aesthetic appeal. Occupational health & Safety In order to ensure good health of workers, regular health check-up of the plant workers is carried out. Occupational health surveillance programme has been taken as a regular exercise for all the employees and their record is maintained. Risk & Hazard Management Fire Protection Facilities C9-0

228 In order to combat any occurrence of fire in plant premises the following fire protection facilities have been envisaged for the various units of the plant. A list of fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and sand buckets are installed in various departments/areas. Also, Fire alarm system has been installed to raise alarm at the respective point as well as security control. The areas covered are PLC, VD, EDP, Main Store, Oil Store, Spectro Room & Record Room in Administrative Block. There are also provision for additional fire extinguishers, and sand buckets for emergency back-up in case of major fire. Hydrant System Internal hydrants are provided at suitable locations and at different levels inside the major plant units. Yard hydrants are also provided normally along the road and in the close vicinity of the units to meet the additional requirement of water for extinguishing fire. Automatic Fire Detection System Unattended and vulnerable electrical premises like electrical control rooms, cable tunnels, MCC. Transformer rooms, switch gear rooms, etc. will be provided with automatic fire detection and alarm systems. 9.6 Post Project Environment Monitoring Post project environmental monitoring is important in terms of evaluating the performance of pollution control equipments installed in the project. The sampling and analysis of the environmental attributes will be as per the guidelines of CPCB. The frequency of sampling and location of sampling stations will be as per the directives of central/state pollution control board. Following attributes will be covered in the post project environmental monitoring in and around the project site:. Ambient air quality monitoring with respect to PM0, SO2, NO2 and CO; and Work Zone monitoring with respect to PM0 in the plant area will be done on regular basis. C9-

229 2. IF/LRF and kiln emissions shall be monitored regularly for particulate matter. Further SO2, NO2 and CO. is to be monitored regularly in consultation with SPCB. 3. Water quality monitoring at intake point, surface water bodies and ground water in the surrounding areas will be done on regular basis. 4. All the water samples will be analyzed for physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals as prescribed by CPCB/SPCB. 5. The noise levels will be recorded in and around plant on monthly basis; 6. The soil quality around the plant area will be monitored on six monthly basis for the fertility of the soil. 7. All the results will be compiled and the results will be reported on 6 monthly basis along with EC Compliance report/ yearly CTO to the State Pollution Control Board/ State Authorities/ RO of Ministry of Environment and Forests as per rules. 9.7 Energy Auditing Energy meter device is installed with each highly energy consuming device. Energy meter reading is conducted regularly and faulty device is replaced and effect of load on the other device has been minimized. 9.8 Rain Water Harvesting M/s Sundaram Steels Pvt Ltd. is planning to have a system of rainwater harvesting within the plant premises. The aim of rain water harvesting is to utilizing rainwater generated from the roof of the buildings, paved areas, and unpaved areas and from parks of the industry area. The rainwater will be collected from the roofs and paved/unpaved area will be stored in a tank for use in plant. 9.9 Training Facilities For the expansion of the project, additional training facilities will be developed for environmental control. Specialized courses at various Research/ C9-2

230 Educational institutes will be organized. Training will cover the following fields: Awareness regarding Pollution Control and Environmental protection. Operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment. Afforestation / plantation and post care of plants. Field monitoring, maintenance and calibration of pollution monitoring instruments. Chemical analysis of various environmental parameters at State Pollution Control Board approved laboratory. Maintenance of pollution monitoring instruments. Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures. Occupational health and safety. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management. Rainwater Harvesting will be done from rooftop of the buildings and paved areas as per CGWB standards already present. Table 9.2: Environmental Control Cost (Capital and Annual Operating) Environmental Protection Capital Cost (Lakh) Existing Annual Operating Cost (Lakh) Capital Cost (Lakh) Proposed Annual Operating Cost (Lakh) Air pollution control Water pollution control Solid waste management Environmental Monitoring Green belt Total C9-3

231 9.0 Socio-Economic Environment In order to take care of the likely impacts of the project for productivity improvement and to minimize the apprehensions of the local people an effective EMP has been prepared as under: Project authorities will undertake regular environmental awareness programs on environmental management measures being undertaken for improving their quality of life. To mitigate the strain on existing infrastructure adequate provision of basic amenities viz. education, health, transport etc. shall be made considering the immigrating population and the work force in the area. Job opportunities are the most demanding factor, the local people having suitable skill shall be considered for employment. C9-4

232 CHAPTER-0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 0.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 0. Justification for implementation of the project This project will lead to overall development of the region in particular and the state in general. This project also generates indirect employment to a considerable number of families, who will render their services for the employees of the project. Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project without major adverse environmental impact, the proposed expansion of project is most advantageous to the region as well as to the nation. 0.2 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures The summary of anticipated adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed project and mitigation measures are given in Table 0. C0-

233 based Integrated Steel plant Table 0.: Anticipated adverse environmental impacts and mitigation measures Discipline Potential Negative Impacts Probable Source Mitigative measures Remarks Constructional Impact This is basically an expansion project in which production capacity x 90 TPD DRI kiln product will be increased to 72,000 TPA of CC billet. This will involve excavation, construction, erection of equipment, engagement of labor force, laying and routing of pipelines, commissioning and testing activities etc. Air, water, noise and soil / land are likely to be affected by the above activities. It will have marginal additional impacts on air, water, and noise quality, aesthetics and land use as all activities are within the operating plant. Socio-economic pattern may be improved due to generation of some temporary and some permanent employment. Operational Impact Water Quality Air Quality Deterioration of surface water quality PM0, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO Discharge from plant Stack emissions. Zero discharge is implemented through water recycling and reuse of water. Total 07 m 3 /day water is required for expansion of existing plant. High efficiency Bag filter/esp shall be installed to control emissions. Adequate stack heights already provided as per The hot water send to cooling tower, the cooled water again recycled to the unit and bleed off will be used in sprinkling/dust suppression. The existing AAQ is within the stipulated standards as per CPCB. C0-2

234 based Integrated Steel plant CPCB guidelines for proper dispersion of pollutants. Stack height (for proposed) will be provided as per CPCB. The following mitigative measures will be taken: Particulate emissions from stack will be kept below the 50 mg/nm 3 as per the CPCB/CREP standards. Solid waste Slag from Steel Melting Shop Ecology Road making, filling low lying areas, railway ballast and construction purposes Hazardous waste will be treated as per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, Mill scale will be sold. Scrap will be reused. Broken refractory bricks will be dumped. Terrestrial Impact on plant species Emissions stacks from Emission will be controlled as well as dispersed through appropriate design Revamping of dedusting system Impact will be negligible due to insignificant ground level concentration. Aquatic Impact on aquatic life Water from sedimentation tank and bleed off from Water from sedimentation tank will be reused in CCM and bleed off from cooling tower will be The hot water send to cooling tower, the cooled water again recycled to C0-3

235 based Integrated Steel plant Noise Demography and Socioeconomics Increase in noise levels of plant area Strain in existing amenities like housing, water sources and sanitation, medical and infrastructure facilities. cooling tower used in dust suppression. the unit and bleed off will be used in sprinkling/dust suppression. The water coming from sedimentation tank is reused again in CCM unit. Equipment in main plant and auxiliaries Influx of people of proposed plant employees as well as contractors employees/labors. Equipment will be designed to conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory agencies. Provision of green belt and plantation would further help in attenuating noise. No significant impact is envisaged. Additional facilities will be developed by the project proponents. Employees working in high noise areas would be provided with necessary protective equipment e.g. ear plug, ear muffs. Overall socio-economic status of the area is expected to improve. C0-4

236 based Integrated Steel plant 0.3 Conclusions The Company proposes expansion of existing sponge iron plant from x 90 TPD DRI kiln to 72,000 TPA CC billet by addition of x 90 TPD DRI kiln, 2 x 2 tonne Induction Furnace, Ladle Furnace of capacity 5 tonne, Continuous Casting Machine. Certain level of impacts is observed in the proposed expansion project. These impacts are reduced by mitigative measures implemented in the project area. Apart from these impacts certain beneficial effects in terms of providing the employment opportunities and development of surrounding plant area is foreseen. This will produce multiple effects on the life and economy of the local people. It offers to substantially improve in the productivity with a low level of investment i.e. approx. Rs. 55 Crores. The existing area is 0. Ha and no additional area is required for expansion project and infra-structural facilities. The existing set-up will be optimally utilized. The increase in the production level from x 90 TPD to 2 x 90 TPD and 72,000 TPA CC billet as a finish product will be substantially saving in energy consumption, specific cost of manpower and administrative overheads too. Total 07 m 3 /day of water will be required after expansion of plant. It is observed that, by rain water harvesting, more than 36,000 m 3 rain water will be available for reuse by the plant in one year. The proposed efficient Air Pollution Control system includes (Primary & Secondary) followed by Bag filters/esp will enhance environment cleanness. Therefore minimal impact is to the surrounding environment. Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution control and mitigation measures, the proposed project will be beneficial to the society and will help reduce the demand-supply gap of steel and will contribute to the economic development of the region in particular and country in general. C0-5

237 CHAPTER DISCLOSURES OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED Project Name: based Integrated Steel plant Name and address of the Consultant Personnel involved in Preparation of EIA/EMP report as Team Member Baseline Data Grass Roots Research & Creation India (P) Ltd. F: , Sector: 63, Noida, India Mr. Rishabh Arun (Project Associate) ISO 900: 2008, 400:2004 & OHSAS 800: 2007 Certified Co. Accredited by QCI/NABET. Dr. C Mary Sukanya (Team Member & FAE) Mr. Sumit Ghosh Dastidar (Team Member) GRC, India Training and Analytical Laboratory F- 375, Sector: 63, Noida, India NABL Accredited Laboratory, Recognized by MoEF under Environment (Protection) Act, 986. A unit of GRC India (P) Ltd. C-

238 Under the guidance of following Coordinators & Functional Area Experts: EIA Coordinator FAE- AP FAE- WP FAE- SHW FAE- EB FAE-SE FAE- AQM FAE- LU FAE- HG FAE- G FAE- RH FAE- SC FAE- NV Mr. K D Choudhury Mr. K D Choudhury Dr. P R Chaudhari Dr. Dhiraj Singh Dr. Silbhadra Brahma Mr. Subimal Pattadar and Mr. K N Dutta Dr. C Mary Sukanya Mr. P Radhakrishnamoorthy Dr. Tapan Majumder Dr. Tapan Majumder Mr. K D Choudhury Dr. S R Maley Mr. K D Choudhury C-2

239 Accreditation from Quality Council of India, QCI GRC India (P) Ltd. has got the Initial accreditation from QCI NABET and has undergone Surveillance Assessment as well. The result of continued accreditation is published on the QCI website as SAAC 73 th Minutes of Meeting. As per the recently published QCI NABET List of Accredited Consultant Organizations/Rev. 37 (A)/Jan. 07, 206, listed in as accredited consultant, Category A Sl. No. 76. For reference, a snapshot of the list where GRC India s name is listed is pasted below: C-3