Unmanned Systems Opening the European Sky to UAS From military to civilian applications Pablo González Aerodays 2011 /Madrid/31 de March 2011
INTRODUCTION From military to civilian applications Currently, UAS are mainly focused on Defence applications: Intelligence, surveillance and force protection missions Crew training in Europe Sooner or later, deployed UAS will come back home Military UAS could be useful to run civil missions like emergency management, security surveillance and border control Civilian applications of UAS looks promising according to market analysis but they remain in the freezer Dull, Dirty and Dangerous applications Operational demos performed in FP and National Programs Tentative date for business launch (2016?) 2 manned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un
CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS OVERVIEW Survey centred on MALE UAS and conducted among Stakeholders*: UAS and payload manufacturers Satellite services providers Regulatory and Standardisation bodies UAS-related working groups and associations Results confirm: UAS missions requiring Satellite services for BLOS operations are of high interest Satellite services required for Navigation and Communications (safety, payload) Sense & Avoid is the most mentioned challenge for integration into non- segregated airspace. Other challenges: Regulations, Frequency spectrum, Reliability of subsystems, Comms latency, Adaptation to ATM gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg 3 * Satellite-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Cooperative Missions: Status and Outlook. Indra-MDA. 2009
CURRENT BARRIERS FOR UAS AIRSPACE INTEGRATION LEGAL ASPECTS AND PERSONNEL Internationally harmonised regulatory and standardisation framework for UAS (ICAO Circular 328 on UAS): Chicago Convention (Article 8 Pilotless Aircraft Remotely-Piloted Aircraft (RPA) versus Fully Autonomous Aircraft Visual LOS vs LOS (data link) vs BLOS (satcom) Standard and Recommended Practices under development by ICAO (SARP) Personnel: Licensing and training for Pilot and the remote crew UAS Operator Certificate (UOC) defined by ICAO National initiatives: Designated UAV Pilot license and training being defined by the Spanish Air Force (DUO) manned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un 4
CURRENT BARRIERS FOR UAS AIRSPACE INTEGRATION OPERATIONS Rules of the Air and Collision Avoidance: MIDCAS (EDA): Sense&Avoid technology development National initiatives iti in Europe: (ASTRAEA and other) Sense&Avoid for small UAS?? Airspace and ATM system evolution to cope with the increasing demand of airspace users, among them the Unmanned Aviation community (SESAR) Current initiatives: Air Force in each European Country are defining gparticular operation procedures (mainly for Segregated Airspace) Aerodrome concepts: from close to open system (INTEROPERABILITY of Aircraft and GCS) manned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un 5
CURRENT BARRIERS FOR UAS AIRSPACE INTEGRATION AIRCRAFT AND SYSTEMS Certificate of Airworthiness (EAC and Type AC): For the complete system (aircraft + data link + GCS) For the Aircraft and the GCS separately Certification: reliability of UAS and the safety of their operations Regulatory framework under preparation: EASA for UAS above 150 Kg National authorities for UAS under 150 Kg (harmonization necessary: JARUS, EC directives...) EUROCAE WG 73 Nationally and registration marks Aeronautical Communications and Radio Frequency Spectrum Environmental protection manned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un 6
CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS IN THE SHORT TERM Most feasible Civilian Missions in the short-termterm Maritime Surveillance & Coastguard Non-Military Governmental Missions in Segregated Airspace Securityrelated Safetyrelated Border control Infrastructure monitoring: dangerous goods transportation, t ti oil and gas, etc Disaster management and mitigation: Disaster relief, Fire fighting A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace 7
A Regulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft S Systems in the Civilian Airspace FEASIBILITY STUDY: SINUE PROJECT SINUE Project UAS ATM Simulation Satellite technologies Regulatory framework 8
FEASIBILITY STUDY: SINUE PROJECT SINUE Mission Overview Maritime patrol mission designed according to the several stakeholder objectives. Detection, recognition and identification of: immigration, illegal spillages and fishing control. Safety and security of the BLOS data link, C2 and ATC specific latency constraints, possibility for multiple GCS, and LOS/BLOS hand-over Several simulation scenarios Normal scenario Intermittent failures C2 outages Comm Total Loss manned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un 9
A Regulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Civilian Airspace FEASIBILITY STUDY: SINUE PROJECT SINUE Study 10
A Regulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Civilian Airspace FEASIBILITY STUDY: SINUE PROJECT Examples of Analysis: LOS coverage LOS coverage analysis for different altitudes 11
FEASIBILITY STUDY: SINUE PROJECT Examples of Analysis: Flight plans Normal and contingency flight plans (including RH routes) were designed in coordination with ATC controllers during simulation set-up vilian Airspace Systems in the Civ rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft S A Reg gulatory Framewor 12
A Regulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Civilian Airspace FEASIBILITY STUDY: SINUE PROJECT SINUE ATC Integration Study 13
SHORT-TERM WAY:SINUE DEMO From MINERVA (dec- 2008) to SINUE Demo (2012?) A Regulatory Framewor rk to introduce Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Civilian Airspace 14
Conclusions Security and emergency management are the preferred civilian applications for UAS stakeholders It is possible in the short-term to perform operational demonstrations for emergency management and maritime patrol, useful to: Demonstrate added value for end-users Test ATC integration procedures Acquire operational experience Demonstrate economic feasibility Key role of the EC: Harmonisation of legal aspects among Member States: Certification/Permit to Fly, crew qualification Arriving first to establish regulatory framework for UAS integration in airspace is key to develop European Leadership in future UAS Civilian Applications manned Aircraft Systems in the Civ vilian Airspace A Reg gulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un 15
A Regulatory Framewor rk to introduce Un manned Aircraft Systems in the Civilian Airspace Pablo González Director Unmanned Systems pgonzalezs@indra.es Ctra. de Loeches 9 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain www.indra.es 16