Emerging Trends in Pilot Training & Certification

Emerging Trends in Pilot Training & Certification Presented to Willis IATA AAPA Asia Pacific 2013 Aviation Insurance Conference By Captain Peter J. Wolfe PABC Executive Director Jakarta, Indonesia March 7, 2013

Congratulations 2012 The Safest Year in Airline Industry IATA Safety Report Since the first airline accident on 1 January 1914, this industry has made continuous improvement in safety its top priority. Tony Tyler IATA s Director General and CEO.

IATA: Industry Concerns for 2013-14 1. Safety: Improve global safety, especially in Africa IF - Safety is # 1 2. Security: Improve security checkpoints THEN What s Missing? 3. Airline Revenues: Manage airline revenues securely and efficiently 4. Rebalance Airline Value Chains: To improve airline revenues and reduce WORKFORCE costs DEVELOPMENT 5. Environment: RECRUITMENT & TRAINING Protect the industry s ability to grow in a sustainable manner 6. Regulatory: Pre-Employment Protect members from burdensome regulation + GPPC 7. Industry Costs & Customer Service: Employer-Provided Create value, reduce costs and improve customer service

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder Involvement GPPC Exam Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits PABC s Request

Introduction MISSION Provide globally accepted ATP-level knowledge tests for professional pilots Independent & Non-Profit Oversight by: Industry Stakeholders & NAAs Funding: Donations, Grants & CPD* Fees PABC * CPD Continuing Professional Development The Organization

Introduction GPPC Global Professional Pilot Certification An ATP-level theoretical knowledge examination: To prove pilots preparedness to enter initial airline training courses Developed by subject matter experts from NAAs and Industry Stakeholders Operated under ISO-criteria for professional testing ATP/ATPL Airline Transport Pilot License NAAs National Aviation Authorities ISO International Standards Organization

Introduction Request PABC asks NAAs to provide Letters of Conditional Acceptance needed to raise funds for this effort REQUEST NAA Letters needed to Start

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Request Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder GPPC Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits Request

Why Accept This Request The Global Pilot Shortage is a 3-Part Problem Requiring a Global Solution 1. Under-Production: Global Demand 23,000 / Yr Production: 15,000 and decreasing 2. Not all graduates are well-trained ~ courses and testing differ widely Most NAA standards for Integrated Ab Initio training are out-of-date Many programs merely teach pilots to pass the ATP exam and check rides NEW PILOT DEMAND TRAINED & LICENSED 23,000 / Yr 15,000 / Yr WELL PREPARED

Why Accept This Request The Global Pilot Shortage is a 3-Part Problem Requiring a Global Solution 1. Under-Production: Demand for new pilots exceeds global training output Global Demand 23,000 / Yr Production: 15,000 and decreasing 2. Not all graduates are well-trained ~ courses and testing differ widely Most NAA standards for Integrated Ab Initio training are out-of-date Many Ab Initio programs merely teach pilots to pass the ATP exam and check rides 3. ICAO: Most ATP-level knowledge tests used by NAAs s are INEFFECTIVE Exams are not current, comprehensive or secure Passing the test doesn t prove readiness to enter airline qualification training.

18-Yr Annual New Pilot Demand Asia-Pacific & ASEAN Region 18 Yr TTL Total/YR China 70,600 3,922 SO Asia + India 28,800 1,600 AUS/NZ (Oceania) 16,800 933 NE Asia (JA/KO+) 40,800 2,267 ASEAN 28,600 1,589 TOTAL = 185,600 10,311 Assn of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 1 Brunei Darussalam 2 Cambodia 3 Indonesia 4 Lao PDR 5 Malaysia 6 Myanmar 7 Philippines 8 Singapore 9 Thailand 10 Viet Nam 11 Papua New Guinea 1 12 East Timor 2 1 Observer status 2 In Application status

Pre-Employment Flight Training 2007 MPL (Multi-crew Pilot License) Enhanced pre-employment training for airline First Officers A Superb Long-Term Solution MCC Multi-Crew Coordination MPL Multi-Crew Pilot License: new, alternative qualification for airline First Officers

How Long-Term? Global Growth of MPL 2010 Students enrolled 1,000 Graduates 180 2011 Students enrolled 1,700 Graduates 550 2012 Students enrolled 2,000 Graduates 700 Ab Initio Production Required Estimated Actual 22,000 / Yr 15,000 / Yr 2012 Boeing 20-Year Pilot Demand Forecast 460,000 / 20 Years = 23,000 / Yr

Comparison: Ab Initio vs. MPL Integrated Ab Initio PRE-EMPLOYMENT PPL PPL CPL CPL IR IR + MCC & Jet Ops PRE-EMPLOYMENT MPL [ CPL IR ATPL ] + MCC & Jet Ops ATP Exam EMPLOYER PROVIDED MPL Phases 1-3 MPL Phase 4 ATP Exam EMPLOYER PROVIDED Two very different programs Same end objective: New First Officers Very different Selection criteria Program content Program standards Flight Experience Graduation Outcomes BOTH use the SAME Ineffective ATP Exam to test Pilot Knowledge

Where does GPPC Fit GPPC replaces ATP-level knowledge testing Strengthens all pre-employment courses Ab Initio Programs PRE-EMPLOYMENT PPL CPL IR + MCC & Jet Ops GPPC EMPLOYER PROVIDED First Officer SIC Airline Recurrent Training Captain PIC GPPC Global Professional Pilot Certification Exam Pilots complete PPL, CPL & IR licenses, and the GPPC in lieu of NAA s ATP/ATPL knowledge exam GPPC is shown here as 1 exam at the end of preemployment training to simplify the illustration. The GPPC will actually be 4 exams that will be taken as pilots complete various phases of training.

Where does GPPC Fit MPL Phases 1-3 PRE-EMPLOYMENT MPL [ CPL IR ATPL ] + MCC & Jet Ops GPPC MPL Phase 4 EMPLOYER PROVIDED First Officer SIC Airline Recurrent Training Captain PIC GPPC Global Professional Pilot Certification Exam GPPC tests CPL, IR, ATPL*, MCC and Jet Ops knowledge. Since GPPC supports both Ab Initio and MPL programs All GPPC pilots will have equivalent knowledge. Phases 1-3 will cover the five bodies of material listed here. The 4 GPPC exams will be taken as pilots complete relevant phases of testing. All GPPC testing will be completed before pilots enter Phase 4 type training.

GPPC Offers Testing for ALL Pilot Sources MILITARY GPPC General Type Subjects Rating IOE Ab Initio CIVILIAN IR ME CPL MCC & JOC First Officer SIC MAJOR & REGIONAL Airlines MPL Multi-Crew Pilot License GPPC Type Rating Phase 1 2 3 4 MPL IOE MCC Multi-Crew Coordination JOC Jet Orientation Course

Why Should Insurers Help Fix This? The Global Pilot Shortage is a 3-Part Problem Requiring a Global Solution 1. Under-Production: 2. Not all graduates are well-trained 3. Most ATP-level knowledge tests are INEFFECTIVE Answer To reduce safety threats from: Training shortcuts leading to operational errors & mishaps Delayed expansion of routes / schedules Loss of State & Regional economic growth opportunities

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Request Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder GPPC Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits Request

Regulators Responses ICAO ANC Bureau CAA Romania CAA Singapore CAA South Africa CAA UK CASA Australia DCA Malaysia DGCA Indonesia EASA FAA GACA Saudi Arabia Transport Canada Acknowledge need to update ATP tests Intrigued by GPPC concept Industry-Government collaboration Global safety benefit Impressed by ISO test features & functions ICAO & NAAs Have NO PLANS to fix the problem Encourage development of GPPC Need proof of GPPC effectiveness to adopt it ISO International Standards Organization

NAA & Industry Stakeholders Input Educators & Trainers Employers Insurers Manufacturers Pilots Public Regulators ICAO ANC Bureau CAA Romania CAA Singapore CAA South Africa CAA UK CASA Australia DCA Malaysia DGCA Indonesia EASA FAA GACA Saudi Arabia Transport Canada 21 IATA / ITQI & IPTC AOPA Air Safety Institute A4A & RAA ATA Canada ERAA Flight Safety Foundation ISO / ANSI NBAA RAeS / FOG & Flight Training Turkish Airlines UK Flight Safety Committee Airbus Boeing Embraer IFALPA IAAPS / IPPTC CAE FSI Training EPST SAFA AABI UAA PABC has been shaped by input from individuals from each of the above organizations

NAAs & Stakeholders Recommend Fixing ATP-level testing helps solve all 3 Problems AND Increases the production of well-prepared pilots Improves the quality and scope of Ab Initio & MPL programs Proves new pilots knowledge / preparedness Helps justify financial assistance programs for training pilots 3 Problems 1. Under-Production 2. NOT well-prepared 3. Ineffective ATP exams

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Request Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder GPPC Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits Request

The Exam: Based on MPL Standards + Captain First Officer Cabin Staff ATC Dispatch Tech Svcs 1. Aerodynamics 2. Aircraft General 3. Air Law 4. Human Performance 5. Meteorology 6. Navigation 7. Operations 8. Performance, Planning, Mass & Balance Confirms Aviation English Proficiency GPPC exams - based on new ATP-level standards defined & validated by NAA & Stakeholder SMEs SMEs will also determine the number of exams needed and the topics in each exam. SMEs Subject Matter Experts

The Exam: Operations ~ Sector Scenarios Phase II - Captain Phase I First Officer Captain First Officer Cabin Staff ATC Planning, Problem Solving & Monitoring Managing: Systems, Time, Workload, Threats & Errors Command, Leadership / Followership Teamwork, Decision Making, Conflict Resolution Communicating, Briefing / Debriefing Best Practices: Aviation & Air Safety, Business Dispatch Tech Svcs Cruise Hold Climb Descend Takeoff Approach Planning Pre-Flight Taxi Divert Land Post-Flight Core Competencies - ICAO Doc 9995, Mid-2013

Oversight Assures Effectiveness & Sustainability Self-imposed Dual Accountability Industry Tech/Fiscal ( IPTC, other ) Ensures safety, currency & financial sustainability Develops standards & conducts exams ISO Ensures compliance with ISO standards for Professional Certification

NAA & Industry Stakeholders Input Educators & Trainers Employers Insurers Manufacturers Pilots Public Regulators ICAO ANC Bureau CAA Romania CAA Singapore CAA South Africa CAA UK CASA Australia DCA Malaysia DGCA Indonesia EASA FAA GACA Saudi Arabia Transport Canada 27 IATA / ITQI & IPTC AOPA Air Safety Institute A4A & RAA ATA Canada ERAA Flight Safety Foundation ISO / ANSI NBAA RAeS / FOG & Flight Training Turkish Airlines UK Flight Safety Committee Airbus Boeing Embraer IFALPA IAAPS / IPPTC CAE FSI Training EPST SAFA AABI UAA PABC has been shaped by input from individuals from each of the above organizations

Industry s Response GPPC is a great idea, clearly needed BUT we doubt that Regulators will adopt it. We (industry) will fund development of GPPC if NAA s Conditionally Accept it as an Alternative Means of Compliance (AMC) for MPL and ATPL knowledge testing 28 AMC Alternative Means of Compliance

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Request Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder GPPC Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits Request

PABC asks NAAs for Letters of Conditional Acceptance GPPC Exams No Risk offer to each NAA State ATPL Exams Agree now to accept GPPC as AMC for your ATP-level exam so Industry will fund its development On the Condition that: GPPC must prove its Equivalence to the NAA s exam in order to gain Final Acceptance by that NAA 30 AMC Alternative Means of Compliance

GPPC State ATPL Exams GPPC Exams Equivalence State ATPL Exams How will GPPC prove it? Regulatory Comparison Professional Standards GPPC NAA - B NAA - A ICAO SARPs NAA - C 31 Equivalence: Equal to or better than the State s exam

GPPC State ATPL Exams GPPC Exams Equivalence State ATPL Exams GPPC s proof must include 32 All are required for ISO Accreditation of PABC and GPPC Scope & depth of knowledge tested Compliance with: ICAO SARPS State Regulations Currency Security Effectiveness Operational Value (Importance) Fairness Sustainability

GPPC Uses GPPC A Preferred / Strongly Preferred Credential 1. Updated ATP-level knowledge exam to support NAA licensing a. For MPL candidates b. For ATPL candidates 2. Knowledge assessment of Pilot applicants a. New Hires - Need for supplementary training b. Upgrade Candidates - Need for supplementary training

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Request Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder GPPC Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits Request

COST & FUNDING STAKEHOLDERS 1. Employers 2. AvEducators 3. Insurers 4. Mfg/Svcs 5. Pilots 6. Public 7. Regulators PABC OPERATING COST = $ 3 Million USD / Year - - - - - - - > + Test Sit Fee Expense = $ 600 USD / Pilot Tested Launch Funding 600 Organizations x $5,000 USD / Yr = $3.0 Million Sustained Operations Funded by GPPC Certified Pilots from CPD Fees $10* / Mo

GPPC Benefits #1 Quality #2 Quantity AvEd Employers Insurers Manufacturers Pilots Public Regulators Enhances aviation safety (more knowledgeable pilots) Raises standards without regulatory harmonization Reduces test management costs for regulators Improves training scope and depth Proves pilots preparedness Increases pilot production Supports both MPL & ATP-level testing Justifies trainee funding initiatives Recognizes best training providers Reduces training costs 36

ASEAN NAAs Options for Testing + WAIT Make No Changes Dec 2014 No New ATP Standards Slow Growth Increased Cost Training Staffing Dec 2015 No Change Dec 2016 No Change Lead Development of GPPC Dec 2013 Conditional Acceptance Letters & Funding Dec 2014 New ATP-level Standards Developed Dec 2015 First New Ab Initio Courses Offered GPPC Exam Developed Launch Phase (Proof) 2016-21 Dec 2016 Launch Phase of Testing First Use of GPPC Exam First Proof of GPPC Effectiveness

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Intro: PABC GPPC Request Why PABC & GPPC? NAA & Stakeholder GPPC Features Conditional Acceptance Cost, Funding & Benefits Request

Please Join Us in Making This Vital Change DGCA Indonesia 1 st ASEAN NAA to provide a Letter of Conditional Acceptance Letters of Conditional Acceptance from ASEAN NAAs will: Help ASEAN achieve Regional harmonization of licensing Affirm INSURERS commitment to the highest safety standards Encourage Stakeholder funding Provide proof needed for global acceptance of GPPC testing Reduce the pilot shortage and its associated safety threats No Risk Low/No Cost Many Benefits

Terima Kasih THANK YOU for your time, interest & counsel Peter J. Wolfe PABC Executive Director pjwolfe@pabc.aero www.pabc.aero 40