BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint 1111 ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA 2012. október 26. BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI ÚTMUTATÓ EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK MINISZTÉRIUMA

Instructions for marking the advanced written paper 1. Always use red ink. 2. Put a tick next to each correct answer. Each correct tick is worth one point. Half a point is not to be given. If a question which is worth two points is answered correctly, put two ticks. 3. If there is a correct answer to a question which is not included in the marking scheme you can still accept it. The same principle applies to synonyms. (e. g.: platelets trombocytes) 4. The equally acceptable, alternative answers are separated with a backslash (/) in the marking scheme. 5. At the end of each task add up the points in the grey boxes. 6. Mark each correct answer with a tick on the margin in the optional essay. 7. In the marking scheme only the most important terms and expressions are included in the correct logical order. You can also accept the answers if they are logically built up even if this logic is different from the one given in the marking scheme, unless it is otherwise stated in the given task. In the end, please add up the points of the correct answers and write them into the appropriate boxes of the summary chart. In the essay, points can only be given for answers responding to the guiding questions. 8. If the candidate started answering both optional tasks (A and B) act according to the instructions given under the heading of Important Information. 9. If the candidate is expected to formulate an answer in full sentences (e.g. reasoning and explanations) only grammatically correct sentences can be accepted. Do not subtract points for spelling mistakes but do not accept ambiguous sentences either. Good luck for your work. írásbeli vizsga 1111 2 / 9 2012. október 26.

Marking scheme I. Archiological excavation 1s This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 4.3.1.,4.9.1., 6.3.2 1. With the comparison of the base sequence / nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecules / identifying homologous stretches of the DNA molecules. 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. fibula 6. tarsals 7. ileum, ischium, pubis 1-1-, total 3 points 8. B 9. The width of the pelvis /the orientation of the ileum. /size of the pubic arch. II. In search of an enzyme 10 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 1.3; 2.1.4; 2.1.5; 2.2.3; 4.4.2 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B, E 2 points 5. C 6. C,E 2 points 7. C 8. As a result of being exposed to heat the amylase content of cereal seeds become inactive / loses its ability to break down substrate. / the heat tolerance of the enzyme amylase varies from one cereal species to another. It can only be accepted if the answer is based on the experiment. III. Calcium metabolism 8 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 4.6.1. és 4.8.4 1. parathormone 2. parathyroid gland 3. D 4. A, B 2 points 5. B 6. A, C 2 points írásbeli vizsga 1111 3 / 9 2012. október 26.

IV. Environmental law and environmental protection 9 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 2.1.4., 5.4.3, 5.5. and 6.3.3 The source of tex: Bruhács János: Nemzetközi jog Dialog Campus, 2010 The source of data in question 7: Führer Ernő-Mátyás Csaba cikke /Magyar Tudomány 2005/7. 1. Kioto, 1997, refers to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases / carbon dioxide / to protecting the climate. 2. Kioto, 1997, refers to reducing the emission of carbon dioxide./ Rio, 1992 can also be accepted. 3. The convention on Biological Diversity, signed in 1992 in Rio do Janeiro to exploit the potentials of biological diversity Cartagena 2000 in the field of importing genetically modified organism / possible ways of restricting GMOs. 4. For example: Improving public transport (instead of using cars) / providing production technologies of cars with low fuel consumption / supporting afforestation and preservation of forests / promoting the use of renewable energy sources / promotion of agricultural practices less heavily dependent on chemicals Any forms of assistance can be accepted which reduces the carbon dioxide emission in the recipient country (or reduces its rate of growth). 5. species-individual diversity: with the number of species in the given area / with the diversity value calculated from it, Genetic diversity: e.g. with the average number of alleles / the frequency of alleles (per gene). Other wording can also be accepted.. 6. The possible reasons for prohibition: harmful for health, hazardous. / would threaten biological diversity / the public opinion opposes it / illegal. Mentioning any of these reasons (other wording can also be accepted). 7. Total emission: 16 m t C/year Total fixation of above-ground forests 3.2 m t /year of which the intact increment 0.8 m t C/ year permanently utilised part of the harvested amount:3.2. 0.75. 0.8. 0.5 = 0.96 m t C/year fixation below-ground part 0.33 m t C/ year total permanent fixation: (0.8 + 0.96 + 0.33) mt = 2.09 m t C/ year 0.13 or 1/8 of the total emission is the fixation/ fixed amount. 2 points for the calculation of the total fixation, for giving the emission-fixation ratio. With correct logic but calculation mistakes: írásbeli vizsga 1111 4 / 9 2012. október 26.

Alternative calculation e.g.: decomposing forest waste : 3.2. 0.75. 0.2 = 0.48 mt C / year the burnt part of the harvested wood : 3.2. 0.75. 0.8. 0.5 = 0.96 mt C / year total: 1.44 mt / year Permanently fixed amount: 3.2 0.96 0.48 + 0.33 = 2.09 mt C/ year V. Radical turn 10 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 2.2.2., 3.2.1., 3.3.1. és 5.4.1 Each correct answer is. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. Because of the widespread use of pesticides / chemicals conditions are unfavourable for them in Europe. / It is easier to increase the low average yields in Africa than the high yields in Europe. (Other wording is also acceptable.) VI. Inheritances 8 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 4.8.5., 6.1.2. és 6.2.1. Original Figure Each number correctly placed is. Heterozygous genotype Inheritance linked to X (sex) chromosome Homozigous genotype 5. 3. 2. 7. Homozygous recessive 6. 8. 4. 1. írásbeli vizsga 1111 5 / 9 2012. október 26.

VII. Different stages of plant life This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.1 1. B F A D C 8 points E The correct order of all the letters: 2 points The correct order of 3 or 4 letters: In any other cases: 0 point 2. F 3. A 4. E 5. D 6. C 7. Letter M written above the first arrow (in front the first box with letter B). (The production of pollen.) VIII. Human eye insect eye 7 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 3.4.2. és 4.8.1 Source of figure: Kepes György: A világ új képe a művészetben és a tudományban Corvina, 1979 Each correct answer is. 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. Cephalopods / any other groups within cephalopods. IX. Kitaibel s creatues 9 points This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 1.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3, 6.3.1 Source of figure:both Mária Csorba László: Sources. Természet tudomány - történet I. Tankönyvkiadó, 2003 1. sepals / petals floral parts in multiples of five 2 points 2. vascular bundles arranged in rings 3. taproot system 4. leathery shelled eggs (not calcified shelled eggs) 5. In a period of food scarcity it could not maintain its activity. / Since there is no heat insulating layer in its skin the heat produced could not be preserved in the winter period. (Either of the two arguments or both). 6. inbreeding (the possible negative effects of it) Genetic drift / drift / genetic erosion 2 points 7. They are able to produce fertile offspring. írásbeli vizsga 1111 6 / 9 2012. október 26.

Optional tasks 20 points X. A Foods and nutrients This task is based on the following chapter of the Detailed Requirements: 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 4.4.4 The parsley Marosi Kinga: A petrezselyem Élet és Tudomány 2009. május 29. 13 points 1. A, E (both vitamins are required). 2. conjugated double bonds / conjugated system 3. haemoglobin / cytochromes (or other correct answers e.g. ferritin) 4. No, because the surplus amount of water soluble vitamins is removed from the body. 5. The peristaltic movements of the intestine is stimulated by the fibre content of the diet / they adsorb harmful substances. 6. vitamin B 1 ailments of the central and peripheral nervous system occur due to the deficiency of the vitamin. vitamin A night blindness is caused by the deficiency of the vitamin. vitamin C the deficiency of the vitamin results in bleeding gums and teeth being lost vitamin E the deficiency of the vitamin results in disrupted production of sex hormones / anemia / muscular dystrophy 4 points Any correct deficiency symptoms can be accepted. The name of the disease (e.g. scurvy) alone is not acceptable. 7. The metabolism of the human body is unable to manufacture certain indispensible fatty acids / amino acids / vitamins, (or their provitamins) which have to be taken up through the diet. 8. Essential amino acids are required (similarly to other amino acids) for anabolic processes (protein synthesis). Vitamins are required for the synthesis of certain enzymes / coenzyme function. Amino acids are required in larger quantities, whereas vitamins in smaller quantities. 3 points Fats as nutrients - essay 7 points The bile produced by the liver Stabilises fat emulsions (emulsify / dispersed or broken up into small droplets are also acceptable). The pancreatic juice contains lipase. The enzyme lipase brakes down fats into fatty acids and monoglycerids. After absorption fats are taken up into the lymph capillaries / lymph (then they are transported into the blood circulation through the thoracic duct) The surplus fats are stored or/and can be used to produce energy. írásbeli vizsga 1111 7 / 9 2012. október 26.

X. B Ecological indicators 8 points 1. nitrate ion / NO 3 - / nitrate salts 2. Acid rain / excessive use of fertilisers 3. Species with low disturbance tolerance are suppressed and that is why other high disturbance tolerant species can spread. / Competition among species with similar ecological requirements is reduced 4. The cells of each of the two grid graphs correctly filled in: 1-. R 5 Á ZS Z 4 H N, F Z V S P 3 T Z 2 Z 1 Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 N 5 Z W 4 Z S 3 N, 2 F Z V 1 T Á P ZS H Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 W 5. gold dust/sziklai ternye, bunchgrass/homoki árvalányhaj, pepperweed/pozsgás zsázsa, bladder campion/hólyagos habszegfű sunflower/napraforgó, common ragweed/parlagfű, yellow archangel/foltos árvacsalán field horsetail/mezei zsurló, golden saxifrage/arany veselke water chestnut/sulyom Correct list of species for each of the four groups: 6. When contrasting W/R graph with the W/N one it can be seen that the groups are similar, but the gold dust (ternye) is separated from the bunch grass (árvalányhaj) and the pepper weed (zsázsa) because they require soil with different ph values. (the R scale does not distinguish soils rich in Ca ions from those rich in Na ions and that is why species growing in saline and lime-rich soil cannot be separated.) Different wording is also acceptable. 7. The niche. / (for the total number of species the milieu) Z írásbeli vizsga 1111 8 / 9 2012. október 26.

Optimum values and communities essay 12 points A feladat a követelményrendszer 5.1.1 pontja alapján készült. Figure: Bánkuti-Both-Csorba-Horányi: A megőrzött idő / Természet tudomány - történet III. kézirat Rocky grasslands communities are prevalent in nitrogen poor soils while farmland weed communities prefer soil rich in nitrogen because rocky grasslands have a thin layer of soil / with low organic matter content / farmland soils have an abundant supply of nutrients. The species of rocky grasslands have usually a moderate tolerance to disturbance, weeds on the other hand prefer / tolerate the disturbed environment, because weeds have a wide range of tolerance for abiotic environmental factors / poorly tolerate sustained competition (Different wording is also acceptable.) Rocky grasslands are of high conservation value because they are home to numerous protected / rare / relict / endemic species / because they have an extraordinary high species richness (Different wording is also acceptable.) Farmland weed communities do not have any significant conservation value because they have low species richness / they have a lot of adventive or invasive species (Different wording is also acceptable.) (Most of the) rocky grasslands survive without human interference, their survival is often threatened by human effects (afforestation attempts, construction projects, treading, introducing mouflons, mining, military establishments etc. any good example). The spread and survival of farmland weed communities are the result of continuous human interference: ploughing / use of fertilisers and manures / damage caused by farm machinery / road use / use of chemicals / crops (or other correct reasons) Their suppression is also the result of human effects (e.g. weed control) írásbeli vizsga 1111 9 / 9 2012. október 26.