BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

Transcription

1 Biológia angol nyelven emelt szint 1612 ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA május 1 BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN EMELT SZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA JAVÍTÁSI-ÉRTÉKELÉSI ÚTMUTATÓ EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK MINISZTÉRIUMA

2 Instructions for marking the written paper Always use red ink. Put a tick next to each correct answer. Each correct tick is worth one point. Half a point is not to be given. If a question which is worth two points is answered correctly, put two ticks. 3. If there is a correct answer to a question which is not included in the marking scheme you can still accept it. The same principle applies to synonyms. (e. g.: platelets trombocytes) 4. The equally acceptable, alternative answers are separated with a backslash (/) in the marking scheme. 5. At the end of each task add up the points in the grey boxes. 6. At the end of the examination paper fill in the summary table by giving the achieved score of each task and by adding them up calculate the total score. 7. Mark each correct answer with a tick on the margin in the optional essay. In the marking scheme only the most important terms and expressions are included in the correct logical order. You can also accept the answers if they are logically built up even if this logic is different from the one given in the marking scheme, unless it is otherwise stated in the given task. In the end, please add up the points of the correct answers and write them into the appropriate boxes of the summary chart. In the essay, points can only be given for answers responding to the guiding questions. 8. If the candidate started answering both optional tasks (A and B) act according to the instructions given under the heading of Important Information. 9. If the candidate is expected to formulate an answer in full sentences (e.g. reasonings and explanations) only grammatically correct sentences can be accepted. Do not subtract points for spelling mistakes but do not accept ambiguous sentences and contradictory answers. Good luck for your work! írásbeli vizsga / május 1

3 I. Double fertilisation 7 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements:3.4. Figure: original Each correct answer is. I. male sex cells / sperm cells 3. B 4. develops pollen tube 5. embryo / plantlet 6. C 7. H II. Bell jar model lung (Donders model) This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements Figure: original. The photo was taken at the Museum of Discoveries in Paris. 12 points Air moves into the balloons / the volume of the balloons increases. A: trachea B: the space between the plural membranes / chest cavity C: (main) bronchus D: lungs E: diaphragm / breathing muscles 3. A: the air pressure in the balloons B: the air pressure in the bell jar C: the volume of the bell jar / the volume of the balloons D: the speed of air moving into the balloons 4. D 5. C III. Cystic fibrosis 9 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 3.1; 6.1; 6.2 and 6.3. Source of excerpt: Gerald Karp: Cell and Molecular Biology, John Wiley&Sons, Inc. 5 th edition B, E = 2 points Coding strand of the DNA A A A The complementary ( silent ) strand of the DNA T T T The third base pair can also be G/C. 3. B 4. Endoplasmic reticulum / vesicle / Golgi apparatus írásbeli vizsga / május 1

4 5. q 2 = 1/2500, q= p= 0.98, 2pq= The probability of a healthy person carrying the faulty allele is 2pq/(p 2 +2pq) = , (3.922%). 7. The probability of either parent carrying the faulty gene / being carriers is 2/3, Therefore the chances of the parents involved having a diseased child is 2/3 2/3 1/4 = 1/9 ( ) = 0.11 that is 11% 2 point IV. Glucose tolerance test 6 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements Source of figure: Fonyó Attila: Az orvosi élettan tankönyve. Medicina, 2004 p.316. Because person A weighs 80kg he/she consumed 80 g of glucose. By the end of the 30 th minute his blood sugar level increased by 2mmol/dm 3, which means a total of 10 mmol increase. (Since 1 mole glucose equals 180g), 10 mmol = 0.01 mol = 180*0.01 = 8 g Which is (8:80)100=25% of the quantity administered. Because of the time required for absorption. 3. The liver stored it / the cells took it up / oxidised it. 4. It was excreted into the urine. / To a lesser extent the cells were able to use it. 5. The change in the level of insulin should be measured. If there is no / only a little increase in the level of insulin (as a result of the administered glucose) type I diabetes might be the cause. V. Sponges and flat worms 10 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements and 3.4. Each correct answer is. B C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A írásbeli vizsga / május 1

5 VI. Chloroplasts and mitochondria 14 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 2; 3 and H 2 O + 6CO 2 = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 = 6H 2 O + 6 CO 2 3. A = H 2 O 4. B = O 2 5. C =CO 2 6. Each chemical symbol written in the right place is. 4 points CH 6 12O6 O2 terminális terminal oxidáció oxidation HO 2 CO 2 (One chemical symbol can only occur in one arrow. If one symbol occurs in more than one arrows the point is not to be given.) 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D 1 A VII. The endosymbiotic theory 7 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 3 and A, B, D = B 3. Any correct relationship e.g.: The relationship between the rabbit and the cellulose digesting bacteria living in its cecum. (Larger taxonomic groups or mode of nutrition are also acceptable e.g. herbivorous mammals.) The rabbit provides food and protection for the bacteria. The bacteria break down cellulose (which the rabbit can also make use of) = írásbeli vizsga / május 1

6 VIII. Soil plant element 10 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 1 and 5.5 Source of figure: Borhidi Attila: Gaia zöld ruhája MTA, Budapest, 2002 A and B 1+1 = 2 points A and E 1+1 = 2 points 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. Due to erosion the quantity / thickness / nitrogen content of the soil decreases. / The nitrogen containing salts which can easily dissolve in water are washed out of the soil by the rain. Alternative wording is also acceptable. 8. An increasingly higher proportion of the phosphorous is built into the body of the plants. IX. The skull in Leonardo s drawing 5 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements and Source of figure: Antalóczy Zoltán: Leonardo da Vinci anatómiai rajzai Medicina, 1989 The atlas allows the nodding / vertical movement of the head / skull. The axis allows the horizontal movement of the head. 3. medulla oblongata / brain stem contains the breathing centre / chemoreceptors. or other correct functions (e.g. cardiovascular, digestive regulatory centres) 4. Closes off the nasal cavity / prevents the food from getting into the nasal cavity. X.A Body fluids This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements points In the field of capillaries 1 C: blood D: interstitial fluid s / tissue fluid E: lymph Each correct answer is, a total of: B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. protein 9. osmotic pressure írásbeli vizsga / május 1

7 10. capillaries 1 interstitial space Blood pressure essay 7 points The higher value gives the systolic pressure / the pressure when the ventricle contracts, The lower value gives the diastolic pressure / the pressure when the ventricle relaxes. 120 / 80 Hgmm The flexible wall of the artery / the changing diameter of the veins / the fluid leaving the blood in the capillaries. 3. Blood pressure increases The hormone adrenalin and the symphatetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system bring about the effect. X.B Gaia 20 points This task is based on the following chapters of the Detailed Requirements 5.1, 5.3, 5.5 The privileged planet 10 points Along with 1 mole 180 g of glucose 6 mole 6 * 24=144 dm 3 of oxygen is produced If 1000g glucose is produced (1000/180) 144=800 dm 3 oxygen is produced. 2 points crude oil / natural gas / peat / coal / humus / lime stone or any other rock containing carbonate Any 3 can be mentioned: 3. denitrifying bacteria 4. The uptake of nutrients / mineral substances by plants, / denitrification 5. The atmospheric carbon dioxide allows the solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere but partly absorbs the radiation with wavelengths longer than the visible light reflected by the surface of the earth. The atmospheric water molecules have similar effects. The increasing nitrate levels of the soil water can partly be attributed to the excessive use of fertilisers. Each correct answer is, a total of: írásbeli vizsga / május 1

8 Gaia s green gown essay 10 points The organic matter / humus content of the soil derives partly from the plants and fungi. Fungi play a major role in breaking down the organic matter/humus content of the soil. Plants roots (weathering effect) play an important role in soil formation Plant roots / the plants of the moss level protect, maintain the soil / help prevent erosion. 4 points Hydrocarbons and coal fields / black coal / lignite / peat were largely formed from the remains of plants perished long ago. 2 points 3. Increasing rates of photosynthesis as a result of increasing levels of carbon dioxide helps to slow down the rate of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere. 4. Burning wood / the use of plant organic matter to produce energy (biodiesel) Its possible advantage is that it can partly replace fossil fuels as an energy source / it can also renew itself. Its possible disadvantage is that it reduces the amount of food crop that can be grown / decreases biodiversity / prolongs the heavy demands for fuels, which cannot be sustained in the long run. Advantages and disadvantages can be explained in different ways. írásbeli vizsga / május 1