Eng. Maher Matta EGYPT

Eng. Maher Matta EGYPT

Abstract Today energy saving has become the most important target in electric utilities all over the world especially in developing countries. The losses and the random increase of load in power distribution networks are the most important reasons for blocking access to this objective in these countries.

Abstract Today also power measurement applications demand that energy meters be both intelligent and powerful to satisfy these challenges that face the ELECTRIC UTILITES. Accurate energy measurement for Commercial, Industrial and Residential applications in different tariffs besides information needed for improving non technical losses, controlling the random indiscriminate increase in the electricity distribution network load, improving customer service and planning for future can easily be achieved by using intelligent ELECTRONIC METRES AND AUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM, Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI.

Abstract AMI System is a complete energy measurement and communication system, it uses PLC over low and medium voltage power lines, GSM, GPRS, ETHERNET in transferring data. It integrates Power Quality Monitoring, Event Recording, Load Profiling, Cut offs Reporting, measurement of Active, Reactive, Apparent Power, Losses quantities and complete technical data (load, pf, percentage of loading) about transformers, feeders besides all information about consumption. This presentation will briefly review types of losses in distribution networks and a methodology used in distribution networks to measure and manage losses especially the non technical one using AMI system Features.

Classification Of Losses In Distribution Networks (Self Active) Losses Technical Losses Non-Technical Losses

CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORK LOSSES Network self losses Leads To Major Losses In Developing Countries Technical losses Due To The Flow Of Current Through The Network Elements Non technical losses Due To Neutrality from the best Operating Conditions Of The Network Bad Connections Low Efficient Elements. Due To Theft, Illegal Connections, Mistakes In Meter Reading And Consumption Calculation.

Active Losses + Technical losses, Energy Purchased By Distribution Company - Energy consumed Non Technical Losses Unbilled Energy = Energy Consumed - Energy Billed Unpaid Energy = Energy Billed - Energy Paid

Always We Calculate Losses, Can We Measure Losses Using AMI System?

Central Work Station We measure the energy received by this transformer and the energy recorded by customer meters, the difference is the losses in this KIOSK.

We measure the KWH received from transmission grid and the energy recorded by customer meters the difference is total losses (MV + LV) of this network. LOSSES=M1-(M2+M3+M4)

We measure the energy received by a feeder and the energy recorded by customer meters supplied from, the difference is the losses in this feeder Feeder meter Feeder meter

11 KV DISTRIBUTER AMI GAMMA AMR SYSTEM DATA IS TRANSFERRED OVER MV & LV POWER LINES

Methodology Of Minimizing Active Losses In Distribution Networks Losses Due To Flow Of current In Network Elements Minimizing The Length Of Power nes. Placing Substations Near Center Of Loads Using High Voltage In Transmitting Energy. Using Conductors Of larger Cross Sections. Using Low Loss Transformers. Capacitor Compensation Methodology Of Minimizing Technical Losses In Distribution Networks Due To Neutrality from the best Operating Conditions. Sticking To The Best Operating Conditions Of The Network.

Minimizing Network Losses = Improving Of All Performance Parameters In A Distribution Company (Technical + Commercial)

The worldwide Experience Shows That In Utilities With High Network Losses, 1 $ Expended For Loss Reduction Saves 10.15 $ To The Utility

As Non Technical Losses Is The Major Part Of Losses In Distribution ion Networks In Developing Countries. We Find That AMI System Is A Must To Minimize Losses As This System Has Powerful Tools Which Act Efficiently On This Type Of Losses. AMI System Cuts Non Technical Losses To Zero Using The Following Techniques:

Sources Of Network Non Technical Losses Incorrect Energy Measurement Wrong Connections Mistakes In Meters Constant Low Accuracy Meters Idle meters Mistakes In Meter Reading Wrong Meter Reading Difference In Time Of Meter reading Electricity Theft Un-Willingness To Pay, Unpaid Energy.

Remedy It is no simple remedy to loss reduction. It is a combination of several factors which in the end results in the increase in revenue. The correct recipe for your organization will come out of our analyses to your problem. In the fight against losses you must choose the right weapons from AMI arsenal.

Non Technical Losses Incorrect Energy Measurement Low Accuracy Meters Mistakes In Meters Constant Wrong Connections Idle meters AMI Meters Class 1 Accuracy. No Meter Constants Are Used, The Software Gives The KWH Consumption And All Data In The Required Format. No Wrong Connections Can Take Place, A Signal Appears On the Meter er Screen Also The Meter Sends An Alarm To The Master Station. Idle Meters The system And The Software Has A Self Diagnostic Property, Defines Idle Meters To Be Exchanged.

Non Technical Losses Mistakes In Meter Reading Wrong Meter Reading Difference In Time Of Meter reading The meters are remotely read, no need to meter readers, The system completely prevents the error in meters reading, calculation of consumption, it is done automatically without any human intervention. The system sets the actual amount of consumption for each customer in the network in the required format periodically hourly, daily, monthly, annually or immediately upon request.

Non Technical Losses Un-willingness to pay, Unpaid Energy. The un-willingness to pay for the electricity can be caused by a number of different parameters. Among the strongest arguments are: - Low generation capacity is resulting in a lot of outages. - The voltage level is too low and destroying household equipment and machinery - My neighbors are not paying so why shall I pay? - My Government is not giving me work, so at least they can give me free electricity. AMI System Has A Powerful Tool, POWER_LIMIT, Which Defines The Available Power For Each Customer From The Master Station. AMI System Can Disconnect / Connect Any Customer Remotely From The Master Station.

Non Technical Losses Electricity Theft Digital Meters Are Tamper And Fraud Proof Design, It Counts The Right Consumption In 14 Cases Of Fraud And Tampering Conditions ( Followed ) System Can Define The Place Of Electricity Theft Through The Distribution Network ( Followed )

Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Gamma Meter Lo No Load Gamma Meter Lo No Load Tamper trial #1: The loads are fully earthed by an outside earth. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates tampering condition on the display Tamper trial #2: The loads are partially earthed by an outside earth The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates tampering condition on the display

Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Gamma Meter Lo Lo Load Gamma Meter Lo Lo Load No No No No Tamper trial #3: Input & Output terminals are shortcircuited. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates tampering indication condition on the display Tamper trial #4: Input & Output terminals are bypassed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates tampering indication condition on the display

Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Gamma Meter Lo No Load Gamma Meter Lo No Load Tamper trial #5: ne & Neutral inputs are reversed while the loads are fully earthed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption &indicates tampering condition on the display Tamper trial #6: ne & Neutral inputs are reversed while the loads are partially earthed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates tampering condition on the display

Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Gamma Meter Lo No Load Gamma Meter Lo Lo Load No Lo No No Tamper trial #7: ne & Neutral inputs are reversed The meter calculates correctly full consumption Tamper trial #8: Input & Output terminals are shortcircuited. ne & Neutral are reversed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates tampering indication condition on the display.

Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Load Gamma Meter Lo No Load Gamma Meter Lo No Tamper trial #9: Input & Outputs are replaced. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates incorrect install condition on the display Tamper trial #10: Input & Outputs are replaced. The loads are fully earthed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates incorrect installation & tampering condition on the display.

Gamma digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Load Gamma Meter Lo No Load Gamma Meter Lo No Tamper trial #11: Input & Outputs are replaced. The loads are partially earthed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates incorrect install &tampering condition on the display. Tamper trial #12 Input & Outputs are replaced. ne & Neutral are reversed The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates incorrect install on display.

Digital meters are tamper and fraud proof design, it counts the right consumption in case of tampering Gamma Meter Lo Gamma Meter Lo Load No Load No Tamper trial #13 Input & Outputs are replaced. ne & Neutral are reversed. The loads are fully earthed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates incorrect install & tampering condition on the display. Tamper trial #14: Input & Outputs are replaced. ne & Neutral are reversed. The loads are partially earthed. The meter calculates correctly full consumption & indicates incorrect install & tampering condition on the display.

Features of AMI System

Intelligent Energy Management System AMI is a modern technique used in Electrical Networks which enable reading meters remotely, monitoring and control of the electrical network from Data Center. AMI system based on transferring data through the existing Power nes without installing any new Wires to optimize the performance of the network, protect building against firing, measure all parameters of the power and finally save money and increase performance.

AMI System. key Benefits Improves energy management & conservation. Reduce losses level of medium-low voltage distribution network to 5-6 %. Improves operational efficiencies. Cut earth leakage and tampering to zero. Improves load forecasting & load profiling.

AMI System. key Benefits Remote connect / disconnect Define places of electricity theft by balance between energy supplied by transformer & the sum of energy consumed by consumers on the same transformer. Enhances customer service. Easy to operate system, with full local support. Increases bottom-line profit.

AMI System. key Benefits Monitoring of all network parameters Max load KW, KVA, power factor for each customer, feeder and transformer defining the over loaded element of them. Losses in each element of the network.

System structure

System Elements Meters Display Unit Router / Concentrator Couplers Lamp Control Unit Data Center

AMI System Scheme Central Work Station Energy Management M/S 10.5kv 380/220v Concentrator G S M Concentrator 380/220v 10.5kv modem modem Watt-hour Meters equipped with two- way communication

Power mit Adjustment

Protection, Safety, Power Quality Meter includes built-in contactor for optional disconnection in any of the following cases: Over Voltage Under Voltage Over Current Earth Leakage Low power factor Over heating Skew Voltage

Single line diagram of the power network in details

Single line diagram of the power network in details

Remote connect / disconnect

Energy consumed balance First feeder losses 9.2% Second feeder losses 6.1% Second feeder losses 9.2% Third feeder losses 5.7%

Results From AMI System Applied In North Cairo Distribution Company Egypt

Losses ratio in MV cables and transformers = 2.4 % Followed Analysis For This Result

Losses Analysis For MV & Transformers Of NCEDC

Load Curve Load Factor

2009/5/2 2009/4/20 TR KVA TR. PF TR % MAX LOADING

FEEDERS DATA 2009/5/2 2009/4/20

FEEDERS LOSSES DATA

AMI SYSTEM SAVES MONEY By Zero non-technical losses (Zero tampering) Zero leakage reduces technical losses Money back guarantee