Basics in Energy Information (& Communication) Systems Summary Substation Automation

Transcription

1 Basics in Energy Information (& Communication) Systems Summary Substation Automation Dr. Johann Pohany,

2 xxxx x xxx xxx xx Substation Integration and Automation Levels Integrated utility business operation Added value network management & optimization (applications and systems) Network control & supervision (single-or multi-utility) Communicatio n Field data acquisition, local control & automation Clearing & Market Settlement Operator Enterprise Bus Network Advanced applications Network Meter data informati (EMS, DMS, EBM, Trading) planning management on Gateway Partner, market, etc. DB $ Trader Local automation SCADA etc. Asset Energy Sales management Data & Care warehouse Private & public networks Multi-site Information gateway Substation Protection RTUs Meters automation Power Exchange Business Services IT Integration ASP Administration Operation, BPO E-Commerce Maintenance Today mainly on Transmission Level and higher voltage distribution level and within Enterprises (i.e. Plant, Hospital, Railway) 2

3 Definitions Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) Any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g., electronic multifunction meters, digital relays, controllers) 3

4 Substation Integration Integration of protection, control and data acquisition functions into a minimal number of platforms to reduce capital and operating costs, reduce panel and control room space, and eliminate redundant equipment and databases 4

5 Substation Automation Deployment of substation and feeder operating functions and applications ranging from SCADA and alarm processing to integrated volt/var control in order to optimize the management of capital assets and enhance operation and maintenance (O&M) efficiencies with minimal human intervention 5

6 Architecture Functional Data Paths 6

7 LED Local Remote Test Normal CTRL RUN F1 F2 F3 F4 ERROR ESC SIPROTEC 7SC ABC MENU ENTER /- LED Local Remote Test Normal CTRL RUN F1 F2 F3 F4 ERROR ESC SIPROTEC 7SC ABC MENU ENTER /- LED Local Remote Test Normal CTRL RUN F1 F2 F3 F4 ERROR ESC SIPROTEC 7SC ABC MENU ENTER /- What is Power Automation? TCP/IP SCADA Replacement of mimic boards by PC based system with HMI Use of numerical station and bay controllers with self monitoring & integrated functions Replacement of conventional control panels Modern communication using fibre optic links and bus systems Automated operation by logic functions Reduction of Hardware Easy expandability Minimum Human Intervention 1100 F1 F >

8 Utility Communication today Communication highways, standard IEC protocols Generation Transmission S/S S/S little utility communication Page 8 8

9 Basics in Energy Information (& Communication) Systems Summary Smart Grid Dr. Johann Pohany,

10 Smart Meter Evolution Intelligence and Control AMM AMI Customer communication Data management AMI developed to enable enhanced resource optimization AMM utilized to enrich information quality AMR Operating productivity AMR implemented to enhance a critical process 10

11 Quo Vadis Distribution Network? - C0 2 reduction - Climate targets Europe Infrastructure Age SAIDI Ø 20 min - Missing indicators Distribution Distribution Network Automation - Service availability - Energy quality - Metering data Smart Grid implementation suffers from - Infeed effects - Complex load situations * for example, EEG Energie Einspeise Gesetz (Germany) Lack of unified vision Lack of regulatory direction Lack of Standards (communication, interface, data objects etc.) Lack of of Business Case (Utility, Industry, Customer) 11

12 Distribution Networks & Distributed Energy Resources Drivers in Europe 110 kv 20 kv Unidirectional power flow Generation/ Consumption at LV level Bidirectional power flow Today 0.4 kv q Radial system q Simple protection Simple distribution transformer q Simple or no automation q Simple or no communication Tomorrow Intelligent meters Energy Storage q Meshed system q Adaptive protection q High automation degree q Bidirectional communication Generation at MV level e-car infrastructure Tap changer distribution transformer 12

13 Communications network solutions for smart grids Portfolio for High voltage Transmission Networks Exists today Low voltage! Medium voltage! High voltage! Generation" Wind offshore" Homes (smart meter with NPLC)" Wind onshore" Cold store" HV substation" - Ethernet and SDH/PDH solutions MV substation" HV substation" Public charging for e-cars" Building" 380 kv 500 kv" 110 kv 230 kv" - Powerline Carrier and Teleprotection solutions 30 kv 132 kv" MV substation" 6 kv 22 kv" HV substation" HV substation" RMU with meter data concentrator" 400 V" 400 V" RMU" 400 V" RMU" 400 V" RMU" Homes (smart meter with other connections)" Smart homes with energy gateway" Distributed energy resources" 13

14 Communications network solutions for smart grids Portfolio for medium / low voltage distribution networks Sometimes exists today Mostly not existing today Low voltage! Medium voltage! High voltage! Generation" Wind offshore" MV substation" Homes (smart meter with NPLC)" Wind onshore" Cold store" HV substation" HV substation" Homes (smart meter with other connections)" Public charging for e-cars" Building" Smart homes with energy gateway" 380 kv 500 kv" 110 kv 230 kv" 30 kv 132 kv" MV substation" 6 kv 22 kv" HV substation" HV substation" - Broadband Powerline Carrier Systems (BPLC) solutions - Fiber optic Ethernet based Routers and Switches RMU with meter data concentrator" 400 V" 400 V" RMU" 400 V" RMU" 400 V" RMU" - Wireless solutions (e.g. WIMAX, WiFi Mesh, Wireless Mesh Radio, UHF/VHF,...) Distributed energy resources" 14

15 Communication infrastructure for Distribution networks Very limited coverage today Important MV Substations are controlled by DMS DMS SDH/PDH or TCP/IP Communication Low voltage! Medium voltage! MV substation" RMU" Majority of RMU s and DER s operate stand alone RMU" 6 kv 22 kv" RMU" 400 V" 400 V" 400 V" MV substation" 400 V" RMU" Homes " Homes " Smart homes" Distributed energy resources" 15

16 Wireless Communication Alternatives Suitable for GSM communication Suitable for Satellite communication More than 90% of all RMUs are without automation / communication è for example in Germany appr. 575,000 RMUs! 16

17 Communications Network Solutions for Smart Grids Provider versus Private Communication Infrastructure Private Network GPRS UMTS, LTE WiMAX Internet Leased Lines etc. Provider Network? Fiberoptic cable Copper cable Broadband PLC Meshed Radio WiMAX Tetra network etc. 17

18 The Intelligent Secondary Transformer Substation 3 Levels of Intelligence Transformer 1 Monitoring Higher availability Faster fault location 2 Telecontrol Minimization of down times ("h" è "min") 3 Power-flow control Low voltage MV switchgear Minimization of losses Management of decentralized power supplies 18

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