Capítulo 1 Notes Qué te gusta hacer? In this chapter we will learn how to describe ourselves and others, and talk about our likes and dislikes We will also discuss friendship and the differences between cultures. A. Qué te gusta hacer? (What do you like to do?) pgs. 26-47 Question: Response: Qué te gusta hacer? Te gusta? (Do you like to?) Qué te gusta más, o? (What do you like more, to or?) Me gusta... (I like to.) Y a tí? (And you?) A mí me gusta (I like to ) No, no/sí, me gusta (No/Yes, I don t/do like to.) A mí me gusta más (I like to more.) You can also say me gusta mucho showing that you like it a lot or no, no me gusta nada to show that you absolutely hate it. Me gustan/no me gustan los dos is a possibility if you like/dislike both choices. Me gusta más o menos can be used for something that you like more or less. If we are listing several activities we use y (and) as our connector if they are things we enjoy or we use ni (neither) when they are things we don t enjoy. When someone is telling you their likes/dislikes, you want to be able to respond to what they re telling you. You could use any of the following: - De veras? (Really?) - Qué bueno! (Great!) - Claro que sí! (Of course!) -A mí también. (I also like it too.) -A mí tampoco ( I also don t like it.) -A mí sí. (I do) -A mí no. (I don t) Vocabulary: trabajar (to work) leer (to read) tocar la guitarra (to play the guitar) esquiar (to ski) escuchar música (to listen to music) estudiar (to study)
practicar deportes (to play sports) patinar (to skate) hablar por teléfono (to talk on the phone) nadar (to swim) ir al cine (to go to the movies) dibujar (to draw) ir a la escuela (to go to the movies) bailar (to dance) pasar tiempo con amigos (to be with friends) correr (to run) ir de compras (to go shopping) escribir (to write) ver la televisión (to watch TV) cantar (to sing) usar la computadora (to use the computer) jugar videojuegos (to play video games) montar en bicicleta/monopatín (to ride a bike/skateboard) Grammar: In this chapter we begin to look at 2 new verb structures, ser + adjective and gustar + infinitive. This first section of vocabulary deals with gustar + infinitive. What is an infinitive? It is the base form of a verb before it is conjugated. Examples in English would be to walk, to talk, to watch, etc. We have no subject with these verbs and have not changed them into any tense. We do not know who is doing the action yet. They exist in Spanish as well. The way they are recognized is by their ending of either ar, er, or ir. For example: patinar, dormir, leer, etc. We take these infinitives and conjugate them depending upon what tense and what person we want to talk about. In Spanish we conjugate each verb into 6 categories, labeled as follows: 1. yo (I) 4. nosotros (we) 2. tú (you singular, 5. vosotros (you plural, informal) informal) 3. él (he) 6. ellos (they masculine) ella (she) ellas (they feminine) usted (you singular, formal) ustedes (you plural, formal)
We conjugate them by changing their endings to match the person we want to talk about. If I want to talk about myself, I need to use a verb in the yo form. We use usted to talk about someone who is important or older and should be respected, such as we use Mr. and Mrs. in English. We really are not concerning ourselves with vosotros right now. Gustar + Infinitive: When we say this, we mean that we are going to say we like to do something. In English we would say I like to read. I like = gustar, to read = infinitive Therefore, in Spanish we must say the same. Me gusta leer. (me gusta = I like, leer = to read) For our purposes, gustar can be made into two forms: gusta and gustan. We use gusta when we are talking about liking or disliking singular things. We use gustan if we are talking about plural things. Such as: I like your shirt. Vs. I like your shirts. (Me gusta tu camisa. Me gustan tus camisas.) We use pronouns rather than subjects to modify and explain who is doing the liking. me (yo) nos (nosotros) te (tú) os (vosotros) le (él, ella, usted) les (ellos, ellas, ustedes) Examples: Me gusta practicar deportes. (I like to play sports.) Te gusta leer. (You like to read.) Le gusta cocinar. (He/She likes to cook.) B. Y tú, cómo eres? (What are you like?) pg. 50-71 Question: Cómo eres? (What are you like? Describe yourself.) Responses: (Yo) Soy. (I am ) (Tú) Eres. (You are ) (El, Ella, Usted) Es. (He, She, It is ) Other helpful words to add variation are: muy (very) pero (but) a veces (sometimes) según (according to)
Vocabulary: impaciente (impatient) paciente (patient) ordenado/a (organized) desordenado/a (disorganized) trabajador/a (hard working) perezoso/a (lazy) gracioso/a (silly) serio/a (serious) atrevido/a (daring) sociable (sociable) deportista (athletic) artístico/a (artistic) inteligente (intelligent) bueno/a (good) estudioso/a (studious) reservado/a (shy; reserved) simpático/a (nice, kind) talentoso/a (talented) misterioso/a (mysterious) * Each section created their own list of additional words to memorize. (Ask one of your fellow classmates.) Adjectives must be gender appropriate as well. If you are describing someone masculine, more than likely your adjective will end in o. If you are describing someone female, it will more than likely end in a. Some adjectives end in e or another consonant which means they can be used for either gender. (pg. 55) Adjectives usually follow the noun that they are describing in Spanish. Grammar: To talk about ourselves using personal characteristics/adjectives, we must use the infinitive verb ser (to be). We conjugate it depending upon who we are talking about. Yo soy (I am) Tú eres (You are) Él, Ella, Usted es (He, She It is) Nosotros somos (We are) Vosotros sois (You are) Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes son (They are) Keep in mind that these are simple, present tense conjugations.
In Spanish there are 2 verbs that mean the same thing for us in English. Ser is one of them, the other is Estar. We have used both of these. They both mean to be or talking of one s existence. The trick in Spanish is to know when to use which one. A brief explanation to aid you is to think that we use ser in situations that are perceived to not be rapidly changing, such as our personal characteristics and where we are from. We use estar on the other hand for things that will change more rapidly such as our feelings and our present location. Examples: Soy de Johnstown. (I am from Johnstown.) Estoy en la escuela. (I am in school.) Soy artística. (I am artistic.) Estoy muy bien. (I am very well.) Anytime we want to make a sentence negative, all we have to remember to do is place no directly in front of the verb. No soy perezoso. (I am not lazy.)