Balancing international mobility Reflections from Finland and Hanken School of Economics Dr. Maj-Britt Hedvall Hanken School of Economics
Hanken School of Economics in a nutshell» An autonomous university, stand alone, multilingual, non-profit business school founded in 1909» As of 2010, only stand alone university-level business school in Finland» Campuses in Helsinki and Vaasa» Languages of teaching: Swedish and English» Research-based business school with approximately 2000 students and a core faculty of approximately 100» Internationally accredited since 2000 (EQUIS and AMBA)» Internationalisation is the most important driving force for the development of the School
Hanken in a nutshell» Programmes offered at Hanken» An Integrated BSc and MSc degree programme in Swedish (3 + 2 year)» MSc degree programs in English (2 year)» MSc degree programs in Swedish (2 year)» PhD program with all courses in English (4 year)» Executive MBA program in English (2 year, part-time)» Executive education programs (in-house and open programs) in English, Finnish and Swedish in large extent in co-operation with Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden
Hanken s Exchange Scheme in a nutshell» Student exchange partnerships with 104 universities in 36 countries» 65 Erasmus partnerships in 22 countries (13 with German partners)» Europe: More incoming than outgoing students» Outside Europe: More outgoing than incoming students» All students enrolled in the Integrated BSc & MSc programme have a mandatory study abroad semester on the BSc level
Hanken s German Erasmus Partners University Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg Wirtschaftswissenschaften EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaft Handelshochschule Leipzig Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, School of Business and Economics Katholische Universität Eichstätt, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Ingolstadt Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Fakultät für Betriebswirtschaft Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaft Universität Hamburg, Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften Universität Mannheim, Fakultät für Betribeswirtschaftslehre Universität Regensburg Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
Erasmus student mobility 2007-2010 Case: Finland Outgoing Incoming Country 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Top-three Erasmus countries 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Departed /Arrived ratio Germany 507 522 562 10.8 1042 1106 1038-0.4 200.3 Spain 422 502 479 13.5 726 711 785 8.1 158.4 United Kingdom 434 453 478 10.1 212 217 215 1.4 47.2 Bottom-three Erasmus countries Romania 8 2 0-100.0 31 32 20-35.5 830.0 Luxemburg 0 3 1-4 1 5 25.0 250.0 Croatia - - 0 - - - 3 - - Total Erasmus Std mobility 3265 3436 3529 8.1 6064 6115 6089 0.4 178.6
Erasmus training placements 2007-2010 Case: Finland Outgoing Incoming Country 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Top-three Erasmus countries 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Departed /Arrived ratio Spain 138 190 201 45.7 34 81 99 191.2 40.5 Germany 92 123 153 66.3 38 73 64 68.4 47.6 United Kingdom 92 108 108 112 9 7 15 66.7 9.9 Bottom-three Erasmus countries Luxemburg 0 2 1-0 0 0 - - Croatia - - 0 - - - 0 - - Lichtenstein 0 0 0-0 0 0 - - Total Erasmus Training Plcments 687 975 1020 48.5 302 484 491 62.6 47.6
Erasmus teacher mobility 2007-2011 Case: Finland Outgoing Incoming Country 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Top-three Erasmus countries 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Departed /Arrived ratio Germany 161 140 147-8.7 199 170 191-4.0 125.0 Spain 106 79 77-27.4 74 3 80 8.1 59.9 United Kingdom 73 93 84 15.1 105 130 103-1.9 135.2 Bottom-three Erasmus countries Luxemburg 0 1 0-0 0 1-100.0 Croatia - - 0 - - - 0 - - Lichtenstein 0 0 0-1 1 0-100.0 - Total Erasmus Teacher Mobility 1120 1044 1012-9.6 1277 1142 1281 0.3 116.5
Erasmus staff mobility 2007-2010 Case: Finland Outgoing Incoming Country 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Top-three Erasmus countries United Kingdom 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Change since program start % Departe d/arrive dratio 57 81 111 94.7 7 7 24 242.9 15.3 Spain 39 87 60 53.8 16 27 30 87.5 39.2 Germany 40 72 58 45.0 19 33 52 173.7 61.2 Bottom-three Erasmus countries Luxemburg 0 1 0-0 0 0 - - Croatia 0 0 0-0 0 0 - - Lichtenstein 0 0 0-0 0 0 - - Total Erasmus staff mobility 1120 1044 1012-9.6 1277 1142 1281 0.3 116.5
Erasmus Intensive Language Courses (EILC), number of participants Case: Finland (Finnish or Swedish courses) Country 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Total Top-three Erasmus countries Germany 58 44 59 161 France 33 39 39 111 Spain 31 32 36 99 Bottom-three Erasmus countries Sweden 1 0 0 1 Serbia 0 1 0 1 Finland 0 0 1 1 Total number of participants 353 333 334 1020
Erasmus student mobility 2000-2011 Case: Hanken School of Economics Outgoing Incoming Country 2000-2003 2004-2007 2008-2011 Total Out 2000-2003 2004-2007 2008-2011 Total In Top-three Erasmus countries France 42 47 51 140 96 143 95 334 Austria 46 38 35 119 36 36 21 93 Germany 32 25 26 83 60 73 84 217 Bottom-three Erasmus countries Poland 2 7 2 11 27 25 10 62 Italy 2 0 2 4 15 9 10 34 Latvia 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 6
Training placements in Germany, teacher & staff mobility 2007-2011 Case: Hanken School of Economics» Training placements in Germany for Hanken students 2007-2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Erasmus 0 0 1 2 5 8 Other 7 2 3 0 3 15 No Erasmus teacher mobility in 2007-2011 (Erasmus teacher mobility in general of no interest for Hanken faculty) One incoming staff mobility in 2007-2011
Policy for balanced mobility» In general, the quality of partnership more important than continuous balanced mobility» Aim: Approximate balanced mobility in the long run» Mobility flows (in & out) continuously monitored» Partnerships have been terminated and will be terminated due to imbalance in mobility if quality reasons / faculty research co-operation do not point towards continuing the partnership
Policy for mobility with Germany» Erasmus program of strategic importance for Hanken, Germany important and interesting Erasmus country» In the last to years, Germany in focus number of partners increased» In general, quality of most German HEIs good students assumed to get a quality exchange experience» Characteristics of potential partners when forming partnerships» International accreditations» High ranking in Germany» Good course choice (quality, added value and course programme in English)» Match Hanken s profile or offer added value for students» Several partnerships initiated by faculty research co-operation; in line with Hanken s internationalisation policy» When next Erasmus programme starts all partnerships evaluated
Reasons to co-operate with German HEI» In general, quality education in German universities» In general, services for incoming students of high quality» Germany important trade partner for Finland important for students to familiarize themselves with Germany and German (business)culture during studies» Students interested in Germany and the German language» Study system quite similar ( Humboldt heritage ) usually no problems to transfer credits» Today, exchange partnerships cover students exchange. For the future, double degrees and other forms of structured co-operation with selected partners considered» Due to a generous donation, Hanken has financial means for sending students to German-speaking countries
Reasons not to co-operate with German HEI» Lack of course offered in English especially on BSc level» Main reasons during last ten years for terminating partnerships with German universities» Severe imbalance in combination with not being strong in research in Business and Economics and/or course choices not considered interesting (lack of added value) and/or all course given in German
Suggestions for measures to be taken by German HEIs to balance mobility» In general, Hanken students are interested in an exchange period in Germany no need to promote Germany» Three suggestions from a Finnish business school perspective 1. Increase the number of courses offered in English on BSc and MSc levels 2. If not possible to offer a range of courses in English in all faculties and subjects, co-operation within the university might be a solution by promoting packages of courses offered in English for exchange students tailor-made for different student populations / easy for the students to find when making decision on where to study 3. Flexibility in the semester dates (the semester dates in Germany are often very different from the semester dates in Finland which causes an obstacle for students to choose Germany)