Thailand s Responses to Climate Change Mitigations 1
Greenhouse Gases (GHG) GHG emissions in global share 2
Thailand National Emission in 2nd National Communication (NC) In 2000 = 229.1 Mt CO2eq Sources of emission by sector: Energy 69.6 % Agriculture 22.6 % Industry 7.2 % Waste 4.1 % Agricultur e, 51.88, 22.6% Industrial processes, 16.39, 7.2% LULUCF, -7.90, - 3.4% Waste, 9.32, 4.1% Energy, 159.39, 69.6% Land use, Land use change and Forestry -3.5% 3
Thailand s GHG emission trends Ref : TGO 4
The 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan 2012-2016 Key Measures Development paradigm shift towards the environmentally-friendly society & low carbon economy Improve ecological efficiency of the production and services towards the environmentally friendly society Reinforce urban environment & infrastructure management Establish the Voluntary Domestic Carbon Market 5
Apart from the national framework policies, there are 3 sectoral plans related to low carbon development: 1. Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2012-2021 2. Energy Efficiency Development Plan (EEDP) 2010-2030 3. Environmentally Sustainable Transport Plan 6
Potential of GHG Mitigation in Thailand NAMAs 7-20% TGO & SIIT 7
Lessons learned from Thailand s NAMAs to develop INDCs Ex-Ante vs. Ex-Post Thailand s NAMAs 2020 was developed on the basis of GHG reduction targets of the BAU2020. The base year is 2005. The target year is 2020. The baseline emissions for BAU2020 had been estimated on the basis of optimization modeling. The GHG countermeasures in Thailand s NAMAs 2020 are obtained from the official national policies & plans. Kt-CO 2 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 Thailand GHG emission in 2000 (SNC) 0 2005 Waste Management, 4.07% 2007 Energy, 69.57% 2009 2011 Forestry, -3.44% Agriculture & Livestock, 22.64% Industrial Process, 7.15% 2013 2015 BAU NAMA 2020 2017 2019 8 367 331 294
Training / Capacity Building Services Climate Change International Technical and Training Center (CITC) established in 2014 to provide training services on GHG management & climate change mitigation to Thai and ASEAN stakeholders Since 2009, TGO has provided training and capacity building to public agencies, private enterprises and local authorities. Over 3,000 participants received training. 9
Concept of LoR and Matching of Support becomes LESS Package Low Emission Supporting Scheme! 10
Reforestation/Green Area Waste management/waste bank Biogas Energy Efficiency Local mass transit Renewable Energy Bicycling Lanes 11
Project proposal Supporters Project proposal Supporters Implementers sal LESS Committee Seeking Support Record in LESS Registry Support Available Supported Activities Self-support activities LESS Webpage Implement Mitigation Actions Submit Monitoring Report LESS Committee Issue Letter of Recognition (LoR) with LESS Unit TGO reports 12
Low Emission Supporting Scheme Support social responsibility on low carbon development activities 13
Mitigation Actions in Thailand Implementation on Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Biogas from anaerobic digestion Treating wastewater from starch production, palm oil extraction, ethanol plants, pig slurry Landfill sites with gas collecting system Energy from biomass Heat recovered from cement plants Wind and solar farms Small hydro-power schemes N 2 O reduction schemes Organic fertilizer produced from digestate and residues Transportation projects Energy saving projects relating to shifting fuel modes and improving processes
Developing Carbon Market/ Carbon Label Carbon Footprint of Product TGO has issued d Carbon Footprint of Product Labels for 1,270 products from 313 enterprises. Carbon Label Carbon Business Carbon Footprint for Local Government Authorities 46 municipalities have applied for Carbon Footprint for Local Authorities. Corporate Carbon Footprint for private organizations 75 organizations have applied Carbon Footprint Reduction TGO has issued Carbon Footprint Reduction Label for 25 products from 6 enterprises. es. COOL Mode TGO has approved Cool Mode Label for 32 fabrics/textile products from 7 enterprises. 15
Low Carbon City Mitigation Actions in Thailand 1 Shifting modes of transportation 2 Energy savers 3 Energy from city renewables 4 Carbon sequestration Locations of the pilot project on Low Carbon City to be supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Nakhon Rachasima municipality Klang municipality Khon Kaen municipality Samui municipality 16