1 CHAPTER 10 MUSCULAR SYSTEM 2 Muscles of the face & head * (Aponeurosis/Fascia: Flat, sheet-like tendon) Figure 10.6 page: 331 A. Epicranius- frontalis & occipitalis 1. Word derivation a. Epi: (G) on top of b. Cranius: (L) skull 2. Origin: Occipital bone 3. Insertion: skin/muscles around eye 4. Action: Raise eyebrows B. Orbicularis Oculi 1. Derivation: (L) circular/round & eye 2. O: Maxilary & frontal bones 3. I: Skin around eye 4. A: Closes eye (Sphincter muscle) 3 Figure 10.6 page: 331 4 C. Orbicularis Oris 1. Oris (L) mouth 2. O: Muscles near mouth 3. I: skin of lips 4. A: Closes and pucker ups lips (Sphincter) D. Temporalis video 1. (L): side of head - temple region temporalis bone 2. O:Temporal bone 3. I: Lateral surface of mandible 4. A: Closes jaw #51 E. Zygomaticus 1. (G) Bar 2. O: Zygomatic bone 3. I: Obicularis oculi 4. A: Raises corner of mouth (smile) 5 Figure 10.6 page: 331 6 Temporalis Video # 51 7 F. Buccinator video #5 1. (L) Trumpeter 2. O: Outer surface of maxilla & mandible 3. I: Obicularis oris 4. A: Compresses cheeks inwards G. Masseter video #31 1. (G) Chew 2. O: Lower border of Zygomatic arch 3. I: Lateral surface of mandible 4. A: Closes jaw/chew 8. Figure: 107a: pg. 333 9 Buccinator video #5 10 Masseter muscle video #31 11 H. Sternocliedomastoid(eus)- SCM 1. origins & insertions 2. O: Sternum & clavicle(cliedeo, G- hook) 3. I: mastoid process of temporal bone 4. A: singly- rotate head, together- flex neck I. Splenius capitis #47 1. 2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae 3. I: Mastoid process 4. A: Rotate head, laterally flex neck 12 Fig. 10.9 a; pg. 337 SCM 13 Fig. 10.9b : page 337 splenius capitis 1
14 Spleenius capitus Video #47 15 I. Semispinalis Capitis #42 1. semi = half (origin ½ & ½) 2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae 3. I: Occipital bone 4. A: Extend, laterally flex & rotate neck 16 Figure: 10.9 d page:339 Semispinalis capitis 17 Semispinalis capitis video #42 18 Muscles of the pectoral girdle Posterior Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 A. Trapezius #58 1. Shape: trapezoid 2. O: Occipital bone, spinous process of cervical & thoracic spine 3. I: Clavicle; spine & acromion process of scapula 4. A: Raises & rotates scapula B. Rhomboid Major #38 1. Shape rhomboid 2. O: Spinous processes of upper thoracics 3. I: Medial boarder of scapula 4. A: Raises & Adducts scapula 19 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 trapezius & rhomboid 20 Trapezius video #58 21 Rhomboid major video #38 22 C. Levator Scapulae #29 1. Lifts scapula 2. O: Transverse processes of C-spine 3. I: Margin(superior/medial) of scapula 4. A:raises & adducts scapula Pectoral girdle, anterior. Fig. 10.13 a pg. 347 D. Serratus anterior #44 1. (L) saw toothed 2. O: Outer surface of upper ribs 3. I: Ventral surface of scapula 4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down (inferior) 23 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 levator scapulae 24 Levator scapulae video #29 25 Figure: 10.13a; page: 347 serratus anterior 26 Serratus anterior video #44 27 E. Pectoralis minor #34 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347 1. (L) Chest 2. O: Sternal ends of upper ribs 3. I: Coracoid process (scapula) 4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down Rotator cuff muscles(sits) Fig. 10.14 b; page. 351 A. Supraspinatus* #50 1. Superior to scapula spine 2. O: Superior posterior aspect of scapula 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Initiates arm abduction first 15 degrees 2
28 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347 pectoralis minor 29 Pectoralis minor video #3429 30 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 supraspinatis 31 Supraspinatus video # 50 32 B. Infraspinatus #25 1. Inferior to scapular spine 2. O: Inferior posterior scapula 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: External rotation of arm C.Teres minor #53 1. (l) Long and round 2. O: Lateral boarder of scapula 3. Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Rotate arm externally 33 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 infraspinatus & teres minor 34 Infraspinatus video # 25 35 Teres minor video #53 36 D. Subscapularis* #48 Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352 1. Underneath (anterior) side of scapular spine 2. O: Anterior surface of scapula 3. I: Lesser tubercle of humerous 4. A: Prime mover - Rotates arm internally 37 Subscapularis* Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352 38 Subscapularis video #48 39 Muscles of the glenohumeral joint shoulder/upper arm Anterior muscles Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347 A. Pectoralis Major #33 1. (l) Chest 2. O: Clavicle, sternum & cartilagof upper ribs 3. I: Intertubercular grove of humerous 4. A: prime mover for upper arm adduction 40 Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347 pectoralis major 41 Pectoralis major video33 42 B. Deltoid - #6 figures 10.13 a&c pgs. 347 & 348 Delta 1. (l) triangle shape 2. O: Scapula, acromion process, spine, clavicle 3. I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous 4. A: Prime mover for arm adduction (middle fibers), also flexes & extends arm 43 figures 10.13 a pgs. 347 deltoid anterior 44 Deltoid muscle #6 45 figures 10.13c pgs 348 deltoid, posterior 46 Posterior C. Latisimus dorsi (lats) #28 1. lats/wings 3
2. O: Spinous processes of sacral, lumbar & lower thoracic spine 3. I: Intertubercular grove 4. A: Prime mover for upper arm adduction Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 Muscles that move the elbow Fig. 10.14 a&b pages: 351 & 352 Anterior chamber 47 Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 latisssimus dorsi 48 Latisimus dorsi video-28 49 A. Brachialis #3 1. (l) arm 2. Origin: anterior distal humerous 3. Insertion: coronoid process of ulna 4. Prime mover for forearm (elbow) flexion B. Biceps brachii #1 1. (l) arm & muscle has 2 heads 2. Origin: short head: coricoid process long head: glenoid tubercle & glenoidcavity 3. Insertion: Radial tuberosity 4. Not the prime mover- synergist for flexion; supination of wrist 50 Figure: 10.14 d; page 352 brachialis 51 Brachialis video #3 52 Figure: 10.14 c; page 352 Bicep brachii 53 Biceps brachii video #1 54 Posterior Chamber A. Triceps brachii #59 fig. 10.13 b 1. (l) three heads 2. Origin: posterior head of humerous 3. Insertion: Olecranon of ulna 4. Prime mover for lower arm (elbow) extension 55 Triceps brachii fig. 10.13 b page 351 56 Triceps brachii video #59 57 Muscles that move the thigh Originate somewhere on the pelvis and insert somewhere on the femur Anterior group: Fig. 10.19 a-c; pg. 264 Function flex the thigh A. Iliopsoas prime mover #24 Psoas major 1. O: Anterior lumbar vertebrae disc, bodies & transverse processes 2. I: Lesser trochanter B. Iliacus 1. O: ilium - anterior fossa 2. I: Lesser trochanter 58 Fig. 10.19 a; pg. 264 psoas major, iliacus 58 Iliopsoas video #24 59 Iliopsoas video #24 60 II. Posterior Group pg. Fig. 10.20 a; page 366 A. Gluteus maximus #21 1. gloutos (G) Buttock 2. O: Sacrum, coccyx & posterior surface of ilium 3. I: Posterior femur 4. A: Extend leg (hip) prime mover 4
61 Fig. 10.20 a; page 367 gluteus maximus & medius 62 Gluteus maximus video# 21 63 B. Gluteus medius #22 1. gloutos (G) Buttock 2. O: Lateral surface of ilium 3. I: Greater trochanter 4. A: Abduct hip & rotate medially C. Gluteus minimus Just remember there is one 64 Gluteus medius video #22 65 D. Tensor fasciae latae #52 1. Starbucks 2. O: Anterior iliac crest 3. I: Iliotibial band (fascia to the knee) 4 A: abducts, helps flex & medially rotate 66 Figure 10.19 a; page 364 tensor fasciae latae 67 Tensor fasciae latae video # 52 68 III. Adductor group pulls leg medially Five Muscles in group A. Adductor magnus 1. Adducts/big 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Posterior femur surface 4. A: Adducts- prime mover, helps extend, & rotate thigh laterally other 4 are synergistic 69 Fig. 10.19 b; page 364 adductors/adductor magnus 70 Muscles that move the leg (lower leg) I. Hamstring group Posterior leg Lower leg flexors; upper leg extensors Fig. 10.20 a ; pg. 367 A. Bicep femoris #22 1. Two heads for origin 2. O: Ischial tuberosity & posterior femur surface 3. I: Head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle 4. A: Flex lower leg & extends thigh B. Semitendinosus #43 1.? 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Medial tibia surface 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh 71 C.Semimembranous #41 1.?: 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Medial tibia condyle 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh 72 Fig. 10.20 a ; pg. 367 Hamstrings 73 Bicep femoris video # 2 74 Blank Slide 75 Semimembranosus video #41 76 Anterior Leg Quadriceps Lower leg/knee extensors Fig. 10.19; pg. 364 Fig. 10.19 b; page 364 5
76 (cont.) A. Rectus femoris #37 1. straight muscle fibers on femur 2. O: Spine of ilium & Acetabulum 4. A:Extend lower leg B. Vastus lateralis #61 1.lateral 2. O: Greater trochanter 4. A: Extend lower leg 77 C.Vastus medialis #62 1. medial 2. O: Medial surface of femur 4. A: Extend lower leg D. Vastus intermedius #66 1. In between 2. O: Anterior lateral femur surfaces 4.A: Extends lower leg 78 Fig. 10.19; pg. 364 Quadriceps 79 Rectus femoris video # 37 80 Vastus lateralis video #61 81 Vastus medialis video #62 82 Vastus intermedius video #60 83 A. Sartorius #40 1. Tailors muscle longest muscle 2. O: Anterior superior iliac spine 3. I: Medial surface of tibia 4. A: Synergistic: Flexes leg & thigh, abducts & rotates thigh laterally & rotates lower leg medially Go back Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 84 Sartorius video #40 85 Muscles of the Ankle and Toes Anterior Compartment I. Tibialis Anterior: #55 O (origin): lateral condyle distal 2/3 of tibia diaphysis I (insertion): medial cuneiform & 1 st metatarsal A (action): Prime mover of Dorsiflexion II. Extensor halicus longus #11 O: Anterior medial fibula shaft & interoseous membrane I: Distal phalanx of big toe A: Extend big toe (help w/ Dorsiflexion) 86 Table 10.15a pg. 371 87 Blank Slide 88 Tibialis anterior video #55 89 Table 10.15c pg. 371 90 Extensor halicus longus Video # 11 91 III. Extensor digitorum longus #10 O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula & interosseous membrane/ligament I: phalanges of toed 2-5 A: Prime mover: Toe extension 92Table 10.15d pg. 371 93 Extensor digitorum longus video #10 6
94 Muscles of ankle & Toes Posterior chamber I. Gastrocnemius #20 O: Two heads at lateral & medial epicondyles of femur I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal/achilles tendon A: planter flex foot when knees extended II. Soleus #46 O: Superior surface of tibia, fibia & Interoseous tendon/membrane I: Same as gastrocnemeus A: Plantar flexion w/ knee flexion (walking 95 Table 10.15a pg: 374 96 Gastrocnemius video #20 97 Table 10.15b pg. 371 98 Soleus Video #45 99 Rectus Abdominis O: Pubic crest and Symphysis I: Xyphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 A: Flex lumbar spine (sit ups) and increase interthecal pressure 102 External obliques video #13 103 Internal obliques Inside at an angle (V with apex superior) Origin: lumbar fascia (posterior) and iliac crest Insertion: (Via aponeurosis) costal margins, lower 3 or 4 ribs (9-12), linea alba and pubic crest ( fibers can run superior to transverse to inferior) Action: Same as external obliques 104 Internal obliques video #27 105 Transversus abdominus Fibers strait across; Deepest of the 4 abdominal muscles Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilage of inferior 6 ribs. Insertion: linea alba Action: Compress abdominal contents/increase interthecal pressure 106 Transversus abdominus video # 57 100 Rectus abdominis video #36 101 External obliques Outside running at an angle (apex of V pointing inferior) Origin: outer surface of lower eight ribs Insertion: Linea alba via aponeurosis Action: Bilaterally, vertebral flexion and increase interthecal pressure; unilaterally trunk rotation 7