Bacterial Classification. Taxonomy and Characteristics

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Transcription:

Bacterial Classification Taxonomy and Characteristics

Prokaryotes Domain Archaea [ancient bacteria] Domain Eubacteria [true bacteria] make up the old Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Most abundant group Widely distributed Oldest organisms

Domain Eukarya Organelles Plasma membrane Cell wall, if present, made up of polysaccharides Fungi : chitin Plants/Algae: cellulose or pectins Vertebrates: no cell wall

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes DNA Membrane, nucleus Multiple chromosomes Associated with histones Organelles Cell Walls Division Sexual: Meiosis Asexual: Mitosis Motility: Flagella whips Prokaryotes DNA Nonmembrane, nucleiod One circular chromosome No histones Organelles Cell Walls: peptidoglycan Division Asexual Binary Fission Snapping Budding Motility: Flagella spins

Domain Archaea Evolved from earliest cells Methanogens Largest group Use CO2 Extreme environment Halophiles Thermophiles Psychrophiles Acidophiles Alkaliphiles

Domain Eukarya Fungi Molds Yeasts Mushrooms Protista Slime Molds Unicellular Algae Protozoa Plantae Multicellular Algae Mosses Plants Animaliae Insects Worms Sponges Vertebrates

Fungi Eukaryotic Unicellular = yeast Multicellular = molds, mushrooms Hyphae for nutrition from preformed matter Chitin Beneficial: decomposers Pathogenic Mycology

Fungi: Mushrooms

Fungi: Algae

Fungi: Yeast

Pathogenic Fungi

Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular Lack cell wall Classified based on movements Ciliates Flagellates Pseudopods Beneficial: decomposers Pathogenic

Parasitic Protozoa

Plantae

Animalia

Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Shapes Vary in size Taxonomy: Bergey s Manual Low G+C Gram Positive High G+C Gram Positive Gram Negative Proteobacteria Nonpathogenic: environmental contributions Pathogenic

Bacterial Shapes Result of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Cross wall divides Daughter cells +/- separate Snapping Division Inner cell wall divides Daughter cells hinged Budding Outgrowth of original cell

Budding

Snapping Division

Binary Fission

Binary Fission Results Cocci Pairs Chains Tetrads Cubes Clusters Bacillus Separate Pairs Chains

Bacterial Shapes

Cocci: Pairs Division in one plane Diplococci Neisseria

Cocci: Chains Division in 2 Planes Streptococcus

Cocci: Tetrads Division in three planes Micrococcus

Cocci: 8-cell group Divides in 3 planes Sarcina

Cocci: Clusters Division in 3 planes Staphylococcus

Cocci Summary

Rods: Straight E. coli

Rods: Club-Shaped Corynebacterium

Rods: Branching Actinomyces

Rods: Comma form Vibrio

Rods: Spore Formers

Gram Negative Rod Summary

Gram Positive Rod Summary

Spiral Forms

Pleomorphic

Bacterial Shapes Review

Motility

Low G+C Gram Positive Organisms Rods Cocci Clostridia Mycoplasmas Bacillus Listeria Lactobacillus Streptococcus Enterococcus Staphylococcus

High G+C Gram Positives Rods Corynebacterium Mycobacterium Actinomycetes Actinomyces Nocardia Streptomyces Corynebacterium Nocardia M.tb

Gram Negative Alpha Proteobacteria Pathogenic Rickettsia Brucella Ehrlichia Ehrlichia

Gram Negative Beta Proteobacteria Pathogenic Neisseria Bordetella Spirillum Burkholderia

Gram Negative Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogenic Legionella Coxiella Pseudomonads Enterobacteriaceae E. coli Salmonella Shigella Proteus Yersinia Enterobacter Serratia Pseudomonas

Gram Negative Epsilon Proteobacteria Pathogenic Campylobacter Helicobacter Helicobacter Campylobacter

Other Bacteria Chlamydia Pathogenic Chlamydia Spirochetes Treponema [syphilis] Borrelia [Lyme ds] Borrelia Treponema

Virus Acellular Nucleic acid core Protein coat Envelope [+/-] Modifications Viroids: RNA virus Virions : outside host Prions: proteins

Microbes and the Immune System