SBI3C DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WORKSHEET NAME: DATE: 1. Label the following diagram with the following terms: Ilium Large Intestine Salivary Gland Anus Mouth Epiglottis Trachea Esophagus Pharynx Jejunum Pancreas Appendix Liver Duodenum Esophageal Sphincter Stomach Rectum Gall Bladder Pyloric Sphincter
2. Use the terms from #1 as well as the terms below to fill in the table. Uvula Larynx Peristalsis Rugae Gastric Juice Bolus Small Intestine Sphincter of Oddi Chyme Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Bicarbonate Bile Villi Colon Bacteria Lacteal Feces Structure Function A structure that prevents food from going up the nasal cavity. The last part of the small intestine absorbs nutrients. The first part of the digestive system both physical & chemical digestion. A structure at the top of the stomach prevents chime from going up the esophagus. Small finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption. Helpful bacteria found in the large intestine and in feces. Includes the voice box. The wave-like contractions that push substances through the digestive tract. The very first place swallowed food travels. Folds in the lining of the stomach allows it to expand. Tiny branches of the lymphatic system that absorb fat monomers in the intestines. Produced by cells in the stomach lining contains enzymes which digest proteins. Contains undigested materials as well as colon bacteria. Largest organ in the body. Produces bile. Ball of food that travels from the mouth to the stomach. Stores feces until it is eliminated. Responsible for absorption of water and salts. Digests nutrients into simple monomers and passes monomers to the bloodstream. A flap that prevents the bolus to enter lungs. How the ducts coming from the liver and pancreas are attached to the duodenum. The second part of the small intestine digests and absorbs nutrients. Contains two sets of sphincters that controls feces elimination. The slurry of food and gastric juices produced in the stomach. Acts as a back-up storage unit for good colon bacteria in case of illness. Provides physical digestion by churning as well as chemical digestion. The first part of the small intestine where accessory organ products empty into. Stores bile until chyme triggers it to be released. Activates enzymes in the stomach to digest proteins. Secretes fluid containing amylase, which starts to break down carbohydrates. A component of pancreatic juice that neutralizes HCl in the chyme coming from the stomach. The windpipe, which is covered by the epiglottis when swallowing occurs. A greenish-brown fluid produced by the liver that acts as an emulsifier. Produces pancreatic juice that contains a variety of enzymes. Muscular tube going form the mouth to the stomach. At the bottom of the stomach prevents chyme from leaving organ too early.
3. Answer the following questions. a) What is the main function of the digestive system? b) What are the three accessory organs? Why are they named accessory organs? c) What special structures in the stomach allow it to expand? How much can it expand? d) We spoke about 4 different sphincters in class. Name each one and describe its function. e) What is the difference between a bolus and chyme? f) Where can gastric juice be found? What are the 4 components? g) Bile does not contain enzymes, but it helps with digestion. Describe the function of bile. h) Stomach enzymes break down protein. Protein is a part of the tissues that make up the stomach. How, then, does the stomach keep from digesting itself?
3. In the table below is a list of structures in which digestion or absorption occurs. Describe how physical digestion occurs in the following structures (if it does). If chemical digestion occurs, indicate which nutrient is digested and which fluid/enzymes are involved. Finally, if absorption occurs, indicate which nutrient (including water) is absorbed in each structure, and describe some physical structures which help absorption occur. Make sure you use ALL of the terms below. Structure Physical Digestion Chemical Digestion Absorption Mouth Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ilium Large Intestine Pepsin Amylase HCl Fats Sodium Bicarbonate Capillaries Teeth Tongue Carbohydrates Chyme Bile Lacteals Saliva Churn Pancreas Pancreatic Juice Liver Water Colon Bacteria Lipids Gastric Juice Proteins Nucleic Acids Villi Salts
Teeth Saliva Tongue Amalyase Carbohydrates Monomers
3. Answer the following questions. a) What is the main function of the digestive system? b) What are the three accessory organs? Why are they named accessory organs?
c) What three structures help with digestion in the mouth? d) What special structures in the stomach allow it to expand? How much can it expand? e) We spoke about 4 different sphincters in class. Name each one and describe its function. f) Describe the difference between physical and chemical digestion. g) Where can gastric juice be found? What are the 4 components?