Cities of the Future Land Use and Transportation
The challenge Functional cities depend on transportation, but suffer from its consequences The transportation sector accounts for nearly 60% of CO 2 - emissions in the 13 cities in this program Research and our experience tells us that to reduce emission from transportation we need to combine measures and we need broad collaboration The link between land use and transportation 14.12.2010 cities of the future 2
Main goal- to reduce our dependency on cars by Investing in public transportation Investing in bicycle paths and encouraging biking for environmental and health benefits Implementing restrictive measures on car traffic where there are other and good alternatives Encouraging usage of electric cars by providing electric loading points throughout the cities Developing economically and environmentally viable city centers, to prevent further sprawling Land use that provides the best possible market for public transportation, bicycling and walking 14.12.2010 cities of the future 3
Main programs Reward programs for sustainable city policies Strategic city plans City packages Greater Oslo strategic plan Collaborative City centre development projects Parking policy implementation Loading points for electric cars Sustainable transportation for business travels More and better bicycle networks Transportation model development, and analysis of consequences from chosen measures 14.12.2010 cities of the future 4
Reward programs The Ministry of transportation has designed a financial program to reward cities that implements a policy to reduce car traffic. The cities apply for financial support based on their strategic plans and current policies The applications can include restrictive measures such as parking policy and road pricing, investment in public transportation, land use policies to encourage use of public transportation, walking or biking, or a combination of several measures Status: three cities (Drammen, Kristiansand and Trondheim) has been awarded financial support over a 4 year period based on this program and the other 10 cities has qualified for a one-year financial support 14.12.2010 cities of the future 5
Strategic plans city packages All the 13 cities in the program are obliged to develop strategic plans for coordinated land use and transportation - also named City packages The main objective is to create functional and sustainable long term strategies that coordinates the city municipalities land use plans with the national governments investments in infrastructure The final strategic plans will represent a contract between the local city governments and the national transportation government 14.12.2010 cities of the future 6
Greater Oslo strategic plan The Greater Oslo Region spans a geographical area which includes 23 Municipalities and 2 counties (Oslo and Akershus) and is home to more than one million people The complexity of the region has called for a particular focus, where the parties collaborate to develop a strategic land use and transportation plan for the whole region 14.12.2010 cities of the future 7
Collaborative projects for city centre development Two cities, Drammen and Trondheim have joined a project to develop better collaboration between the local planning authorities and the private trade sector, represented by City centre organizations in both cities The main objective is to provide knowledge and analysis so as get a better common understanding of the dynamics of the central business districts in the two cities, and thereby create a development that can be both economically and environmentally sustainable The project looks into, in particular, accessibility, parking policies and the location of different services The result will be implemented as action points in the cities strategic plans for land use and transportation 14.12.2010 cities of the future 8
Example: centre analysis Trondheim 14.12.2010 cities of the future 9
Parking policies Restrictions on parking are effective measures to reduce car traffic in cities The participating cities will develop more up-to-date policies on parking, that can work together with other initiatives, such as increasing accessibility by public transportation to destinations where parking restrictions apply Instant action can be taken for people to replace cars, i.e. Drammen river park Before: parking with a view After: people with access to the river 14.12.2010 cities of the future 10
Sustainable transportation strategies for business travels and goods transportation The cities aim to reduce car dependency for travel to and from work, for business trips and to transfer more goods from trucks to rail transport The location of goods terminals must be included in the strategic plans Collaboration with the private business sector is under way so as to initiate projects and provide for e better common understanding of the main challenges Alnabru intermodal terminal - Oslo 14.12.2010 cities of the future 11
Bicycle networks The cities will plan and build bicycle routes, provide bike parking and try new measures to get a more coherent bike network throughout the cities In addition, the cities will arrange campaigns to encourage more people to take the bike to work National Transport Plan 2014-2023 14.12.2010 cities of the future 12
Model development and analysis Transportation models are often complex and need detailed input The so-called ATP-model is based on GIS and is used to analyze accessibility, consequences of service locations, transportation effects and the effects on emissions and the environment The main objective with the model development program is to provide the participating cites methods to better and faster be able to analyze the effects and consequences of their plans and strategies Other models will transportation analysis with analysis of energy use from housing and the building sector ATP model showing pedestrian accessibility on Drammen www.klimagassregnskap.no 14.12.2010 cities of the future 13
Transnova The national program Transnova has been established to encourage sustainable transportation The participating cities can apply Transnova for financial resources to implement loading points for electric cars and other projects for environmentally friendly transport Budget: 50 million NOK annually 14.12.2010 cities of the future 14
TEMPO: research for sustainable transport 1. Climate impacts of present and future transport technologies. 2. Enhanced knowledge on the climate effects of a wide range of policy measures directed towards the travel market (i e, passenger transport), and improved tools to derive them. 3. Understanding whether and how small changes in choice context may have significant impacts on behaviour. 4. Improved decision support tools for the greening of freight transport. 5. Understanding institutional constraints and opportunities and how to develop institutional capacity for policy innovation. Budget: NOK 35 million. 14.12.2010 cities of the future 15
Land use and transportation City examples
Tromsø Only city to implement gazoline fee: 1 NOK pr litre reduced car traffic by 7 % First city to implement road pricing: starting from 2013 The main goal is to reduce CO 2 emissions, fund a better bussystem, create a better local environment and save money by not building new highways. 14.12.2010 cities of the future 17
Trondheim Bus Priority/Bus lanes 20 % increase in travel velocity for buses 7,5 % increase number of person in cars Peak hour car traffic reduced with 20 % Toll road ring Car traffic reduced by 18 % across ring borders Bus ridership increased by 15 % in new bus lanes 14.12.2010 cities of the future 18
Oslo Increased public transport Tram as rolling pavement Improved METRO Increased toll road fees and more toll road booths 14.12.2010 cities of the future 19
Kristiansand Green Transport Package: 420 million NOK 2009-2017 4 year reward program for increased public transport and reduced car traffic 2009-2012: 285 mill NOK. Double toll fees in 2010 reduced car traffic by 5%, increased bus traffic by x% and bicycling by x% I travel green campaign 2010. Gave away 21 NOK to every biciclist crossing the toll ring the first day! 60% of the participants who previously travelled by car for work now answer that they sometimes or often travel by bike or bus Bicycling investment in total long term: 1 billion NOK 14.12.2010 cities of the future 20
Bergen Toll ring from 1986 Bergen program 2002 Light rail step1 opened 2010: 10 km, 2,2 bill NOK,6 mins frequence, 15 stops, 25 mins total time LightRail step2 opens 2012: 3,5 km; 1,4 bill NOK Ring road west: 1,8 bill NOK Other investments incl bicycling:2,5 bill NOK Bergen Region program 2014 Light rail step3 to the airport LightRail step4 North and West New finance and investment package. Total investment 6 bill NOK 14.12.2010 cities of the future 21