Climate Change and Air Pollution in the Transport Sector: Measures and Messages of Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Government of Japan January 15, 2009 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Contents 1. An Approach to Addressing Climate Change in the Transport Sector 2. CO 2 Emissions, Measures and Best Practices in Japan 3. Japan s Proposal for Supporting Efforts of Developing Countries 1
1. An Approach to Addressing Climate Change in the Transport Sector Transport Foundation of economic development & major source of CO 2 emissions CO 2 emission reduction measures: also effective as well for air pollution mitigation, congestion reduction, energy savings, etc. Share Long-term Global Vision Realizing low-carbon & low-pollution transport systems New Development Path for All Countries Leading efforts by developed countries Promotion efforts by developing countries & support for them 2
2-1. CO 2 Emissions in Japan s Transport Sector CO 2 emissions from transport have been decreasing after peaking in FY2001. Freight vehicles: Decreasing from FY1996; Private automobiles: Decreasing from FY2001. CO 2 Emissions from Transport (Mt of CO 2 ) +21.8 265 +1.2% 268-7.1% FY2007 (QE) +14.6 249 FY2010 Target 240 217 +40.5% +9.5-7.8% Private Automobiles Other Modes +15.5% -5.3% -2.6% Freight Vehicles +7.6% -5.7% -7.9% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 * Other Modes includes emissions from buses, taxies, railways, ships and aircraft. 3
2-2. Measures & Best Practices in Japan I. Formulation of Action Plan Government-wide & transport-specific action plans II. System of Measures Measures for environmentally friendly vehicles Top-runner approach for fuel efficiency regulations & promotion of low-pollution & energy efficient vehicles Traffic flow management Promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Measures for more efficient logistics Measures to promote public transport etc. Development of railway networks 4
(1) Measures for Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Top-runner Approach for Fuel efficiency Regulations Top-runner Approach: Setting standards higher than the performance of the best vehicles available in the market, taking technological improvements into account. Japan introduced a Top-runner Approach for fuel efficiency standards in 1999. 5
(1) Measures for Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Top-runner Approach for Fuel efficiency Regulations Current fuel efficiency standards (Target year: 2015) March 2006: World s first standards for heavy-duty vehicles (trucks, buses etc.) July 2007: Stricter standards for light-duty vehicles Average Fuel Efficiency of New Gasoline Vehicles 15.5km/L 26% 18.5km/L 50% improvement since 1995 6
(1) Measures for Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Promotion of Low-pollution & Energy-efficient Vehicles Subsidies for introduction of commercial vehicles such as CNG, hybrid & electric powered trucks, buses & taxis; Automobile Green Tax Scheme: tax breaks for the introduction of low-pollution & energy efficient vehicles. 7
(2) Promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) VICS: Provides road traffic information in real time, realizing smooth traffic & higher travel speed, resulting in the improvement of actual fuel efficiency: Reduce CO2 emissions by 2.4 Mt in 2010. V I C S Vehicle Information and Communication System CO 2 Emissions per travel distance (g-co 2 /km) In 2010 Reduction of 2.4Mt-CO 2 Travel Speed (km/h) 8
(2) Promotion of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) ETC: Enables non-stop, cashless toll collection at expressway tollbooths, whose capacity shortage causes about a third of traffic jams on expressways: Reduce CO2 emissions by 0.2 Mt in 2010. E T C Electronic Toll Collection System ETC Decreases Volume of Congestion: (18 Tollbooths of the Metropolitan Expressways) Volume of Congestion (Blue bar; kmh/day) In 2010 Ratio of ETC Users (Red line; %) Reduction of 0.2Mt-CO 2 9
(3) Development of Railway Networks Railways as environmentally friendly mode of transport: CO 2 emissions per unit of transport in Japan Passenger: 1/9 of personal automobiles; Freight: 1/7 of trucks Railways in Japan: Punctual, densely networked & reliable Share of passenger transport by rail: National 30% Share of Passenger Transport by Rail (in 2004) 29.5 10.0 7.0 6.4 *1) In 2005 in Japan *2) excluding aviation and ships *3) calculated by passenger-km 1.1 Japan France Germany UK US 10
(3) Development of Railway Networks Tokyo: Share of passengers who traveled by rail 76% (in 2005) Railway Networks in Tokyo Metropolitan district Rail Subway 11
(3) Development of Railway Networks Inter-urban railways: Outstandingly reliable Shinkansen network Shinkansen Network in Japan Shin-Hakodate Shin-Aomori Hachinohe Kanazawa Toyama Niigata Hakata Osaka Tokyo Kagoshima-chuo In operation Under construction 12
3. Japan s Proposal for Supporting Efforts of Developing Countries (1) Systematic/well-organized Transport Measures Japan: Government-wide/transport-specific action plans Multifaceted, Coordinated Support for Efforts by Developing Countries Support from developed countries Utilization of Climate Investment Funds, etc. Japan will Provide Support for: Formulation of action plans (e.g. ASEAN-Japan Environmental Action Plan) Implementation of measures based on the action plans such as Measures for automobiles (incl. fuel efficiency) Measures for promotion of public transport & low-carbon logistics Development of statistical data needed for policymaking & financing etc. 13
3. Japan s Proposal for Supporting Efforts of Developing Countries (2) MEET Leading to Continue Dialogue among Countries and Organizations As part of such dialogue, Japan prepared to host a follow-up meeting of senior-level officials this year 14