Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Feasibility Study in Surabaya, Indonesia P ROGRESS R EPORT T RANSPORT S ECTOR

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Julian Mason
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1 Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Feasibility Study in Surabaya, Indonesia P ROGRESS R EPORT T RANSPORT S ECTOR ALMEC CORPORATION

2 1. Survey Activity To assess potential environmental improvement and possible CO 2 emission reduction by way of introduction of low carbon vehicles and improvement of operation efficiency. Target vehicles Route Bus City taxi Intra-city public transport (angkot) Garbage collector Applicable Technologies Introduction of low carbon vehicles Improvement of operation efficiency bus taxi angkot garbage collector

Target vehicles Route Bus City taxi Intra-city public transport (angkot) Garbage collector Applicable

3 2. Project Organization Japan Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) (Overall Management) ALMEC Corporation (Transport Sector) Local Coordination: ALMEC Indonesia office Cooperation Indonesia Surabaya BAPPEKO BUS: Kota Dinas Perhubungan TAXI:Blue Bird Taxi <Stakeholder > ANGKOT:Kota Dinas Perhubungan Garbage collector: Kota Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Traffic Data Analysis: Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) GPS Installation and Recovery: TOYOTA TSUSHO ELECTRONICS Thailand (TTET)

Perhubungan TAXI:Blue Bird Taxi <Stakeholder > ANGKOT:Kota Dinas Perhubungan Garbage collector: Kota Dinas Kebersihan dan

4 3. The Study Flow Collection of operation data method:use of GPS devices Target:40 vehicles (4 types X 10 vehicles) output: route, travel speed, time Examination of operational situation method:interview target:4 operators output:operation cost, Management organization Evaluation : Implementability and economic impact of the potential emissions reduction projects in the transportation sector Selection :Identification of Project for FS (target vehicles and applicable technology) FS:Carry out FS on the above-selected project

organization Evaluation : Implementability and economic impact of the potential emissions reduction projects in the transportation

5 4. Outline of GPS Survey To install GPS devices with communication function to the target vehicles and collect traffic data for one week. Collect data of Positioning, Time, Speed of the target vehicles with sampling rate of 30 seconds, and analyze to identify following; any inefficient operational route any traffic congestion on the operational route GPS Inside Car AWS Cloud GPS Database GPS Track vehicle Receive Server Web Server GPS devices installation : August GPS devises removing : August

Collect data of Positioning, Time, Speed of the target vehicles with sampling rate of 30 seconds, and analyze to identify

6 5. Result of GPS Survey (1) Operation data Travel time ratio of Bus is high(86%), not considerably different in each vehicle. Travel time ratio of Taxi is a little high (60%), not considerably different in each vehicle. Travel time ratio of Angkot and Garbage Truck is low (under 50%), considerably different in each vehicle. a)vehicle Type b)distance (km) c)operate time(hour) d)travel time(hour) e)operate time ratio(%) [=c/24] f)travel time ratio(%) [=d/c] g)average speed(km/h) <operate time> [b/c] h)average speed(km/h) <travel time> [b/d] Angkot(10) % 48% Bus(4) % 86% Taxi(10) % 60% Truck(10) % 49% * Travel time ratio = [travel time] / [operation time] b) average of distance(km) per day d) time of engine ON e) [operate time]/ [24 hours] f) [travel time] / [operate time] g) [distance] / [operate time] h) [distance] / [travel time]

a)vehicle Type b)distance (km) c)operate time(hour) d)travel time(hour) e)operate time ratio(%) [=c/24] f)travel time ratio(%) [=d/c] g)average speed(km/h) <operate time> [b/c] h)average speed(km/h)

7 (2) Characteristic of driving 1) Idle time ratio Idle time ratio of Bus is very high(60%), it may be a factor of low average speed. Idle time ratio of Taxi is not high (27%), not considerably different in each vehicle. Idle time ratio of Angkot and Garbage Truck is not high, but considerably different in each vehicle. as a guide : Idle time ratio while driving in Japan Basic Study on Idling Stop while driving vehicles The Energy Conservation Center, Japan (ECCJ) *Idle time ratio = [time of engine ON and speed 0 ] / [travel time]

Idle time ratio of Angkot and Garbage Truck is not high, but considerably different in each vehicle.

8 2) Speed distribution Angkot recorded slow travel. Bus and Taxiʼs travel speed vary widely *except speed 0 (km/h)

9 Result of GPS Survey Angkot Travel time ratio is low (under 50%) and the results are considerably different in vehicles. Improvement of management and traffic efficiency are expected by the reduction of the number of the vehicles. Bus Travel time ratio is high and the results are not different much in vehicles. Taking an approach against each vehicle is more effective than the improvement of operation efficiency. (e.g. Replace existing vehicle by low-carbon vehicles) Survey of the availability of CNG The idle time ratio is quite high. Reduction of energy is expected by turning off a vehicle engine when stopped every time idling stop. Travel speed varies widely Energy reduction is expected by Eco-driving.

Bus Travel time ratio is high and the results are not different much in vehicles.

10 Taxi Travel speed varies widely Energy reduction is expected by Eco-driving. Travel time ratio is moderately high and the results are not different much in vehicles. Taking an approach against each vehicle is more effective than the improvement of operation efficiency. (e.g. Replace existing vehicle by low-carbon vehicles) Survey of the availability of CNG/Hybrid Garbage Truck Travel time ratio is low After the result of the on-going study on solid waste management, necessary measures will be proposed for transport.

11 6. Identification of One Project for FS Based on the result of field survey, Introduction of CNGV for Bus and Taxi Services has been selected as a target JCM project in transport sector for Feasibility Study. The existing conditions to introduce CNG in the bus and taxi in Surabaya City Existing infrastructure for CNG distribution (6 CNG stations in Surabaya City) Advantage of efficient use of CNG (Relatively large scale consumption of gasoline and specific operation area of route bus and taxi) Existing vehicle maintenance system and training center for vehicle safety management.

The existing conditions to introduce CNG in the bus and taxi in Surabaya City Existing infrastructure for CNG distribution (6 CNG stations in

12 Impact of CNGV Introduction (1) Improved Energy Security Introducing CNGV can diversify the transport fuel sources and thus improve energy security (2) Environmental Improvement - CNGV can improve air conditions with less emission of pollutants such as NOx and PM than a conventional petrol vehicles. - CNGV can also mitigate global warming with less CO 2 emission. Comparison of CO 2 emission (passenger car) (2ton truck) (3) High Stability of Prices Source: The Japan Gas Association Stability of CNG supply (price and quantity) with various non-conventional natural gas developed in the world.

vehicles. - CNGV can also mitigate global warming with less CO 2 emission.

13 7. Next Step Examination of MRV Method MRV method for improvement of fuel efficiency by introducing CNGV in bus and taxi in Surabaya City will be examined. Development of Project Scheme Appropriate project schemes will be developed, including project scale and financing. Consensus Building among Stakeholders Consensus building for project formulation in next year will be promoted, through discussion with various stakeholders on their opinions and requests.

Development of Project Scheme Appropriate project schemes will be developed, including project scale and financing.

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