ARCTICROC 4T User Manual

Transcription

1 store your future ARCTICROC 4T User Manual 4-Bay RAID System esata, 2xFireWire 800, FireWire 400 & USB Raid 0, Raid 1, Raid 5, Raid 5+Hot-Spare and Raid 0+1

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS IMPORTANT NOTICES... 4 SAFETY NOTICES... 4 GENERAL NOTICES... 4 CAPACITY DISCLAIMER... 4 CARE AND HANDLING... 4 FCC-B RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT... 5 PRECAUTIONS FOR THE RAID SYSTEM..5 GENERAL... 6 INTRODUCTION... 6 BOX CONTENTS... 6 SPECIAL FEATURES... 7 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS... 8 CONNECTORS... 8 SYSTEM VIEWS... 9 INSERTING/REPLACING THE HARD DRIVES IN THE RAID SYSTEM CONNECTING THE RAID SYSTEM TO A COMPUTER CONNECTING MULTIPLE DEVICES RAID MODES RAID MODE COMPARISON LIST RAID 0 (STRIPING) RAID 1 (MIRRORING) RAID RAID 5 + HOTSPARE RAID SETTING/CHANGING THE RAID MODE & NUMBER OF HDDS (MANUALLY) RAID SWITCH HD SWITCH NUMBER OF DISKS SUPPORTING EACH RAID MODE HDD SLOT NUMBER LED INDICATORS SAFE REMOVAL OF THE RAID SYSTEM EXTERNAL BOOTUP ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 2

3 esata PCI EXPRESS CARD INSTALLATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS HARDWARE INSTALLATION DRIVER INSTALLATION VERIFY DRIVER INSTALLATION QUESTIONS & ANSWERS CONCERNING RAID SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS PARTITIONING AND FORMATTING THE ARCTICROC 4-BAY DRIVE ON A MAC OS PARTITIONING AND FORMATTING THE ARCTICROC 4-BAY DRIVE ON A WINDOWS OS KNOWLEDGE BASE INTRODUCTION TO FORMATTING LIMITED WARRANTY TECHNICAL SUPPORT TRADEMARKS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COPYRIGHTS CONTACT INFORMATION ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 3

4 IMPORTANT NOTICES Safety Notices The warranty is void if an unauthorized person attempts and/or repairs the hard disk drive. Read all Manuals and instructions carefully before using the device. Do not spill any liquid or insert any object into the device. Use the device within the specifications indicated, including but not limited to: power requirements, temperature, humidity, sunlight and magnetism from other devices such as computers and televisions. Please visit the Rocstor website, for further information concerning specifications and use of the device. General Notices Consistently make multiple backup copies of your data for your protection. Hard disk drives are subject to failure at any time. Rocstorage, Inc. shall not be held liable for loss of data or the restoration or recovery of data on the device. Please view complete Limited Warranty Information in this manual or on the Rocstor website ( for further details. Capacity Disclaimer Actual accessible hard drive capacity will indicate up to 10% lower than stated under different Operating Systems and formatting. The storage volume is measured in total bytes before formatting. References to round numbers of gigabytes or terabytes are an approximation only. For example, a disk drive labeled as having 500GB (gigabytes) has space for approximately 500,000,000,000 bytes before formatting. After formatting, the drive capacity is reduced by about 5% to 10% depending on the operating system and formatting used. Care and Handling The following instructions concern the proper care and handling of the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID. Please take a moment to review these instructions. As with any storage solution, it is recommended that all data be backed up regularly. Ensure that you follow the proper removal procedure to disconnect the RAID. Do not move or disconnect this device from your computer while it is reading or writing data. This may cause damage to the RAID. Do not place this device near a heat source or expose it to direct flame. Do not place the device near any equipment generating strong electromagnetic fields. Exposure to strong electromagnetic fields may cause the device to malfunction or data to be corrupted. Do not drop or cause shock to your RAID. Do not spill any liquid or insert any object into the device. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 4

5 Do not attempt to disassemble and service the Rocpro drive during the warranty period. Please read the Safety Notices and Limited Warranty information in this Manual and on the Rocstor website ( for further details. FCC-B RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. PRECAUTIONS FOR THE RAID SYSTEM The main circuit board of the RAID System is susceptible to static electricity. Proper grounding is required to prevent electrical damage to the RAID System unit or other connected devices, including the host computer. Always place the RAID System unit on a smooth surface and avoid all dramatic movement, vibration and percussion. Do NOT allow water to enter the RAID System unit. Installation of additional equipment in the host computer may be required. Visit our website to download the latest product information updates. Do NOT attempt to service this unit yourself. Disassembling the RAID System s inner parts will expose you to dangerous voltages or other hazards. Do NOT block the ventilation. Proper airflow is required to ensure reliable operation and to prevent overheating. Do unplug the RAID System unit from the electrical outlet when not in use to provide an ecological friendly environment. Use only the power supply cable provided with the RAID System unit. Please thoroughly read and follow the instructions provided in this manual. Failure to do so may result in damage to the RAID System, and any or all of the connected devices. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 5

6 GENERAL Introduction Arcticroc 4T 4-Bay RAID 2x FireWire 800 FireWire 400, esata and USA (1.1/2.0) The new Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID system provides massive storage capacity and advanced RAID configuration in a compact storage device. The Arcticroc delivers extraordinary performance and reliability for both Mac and PC users. Specifically designed for demanding audio/video professionals, the new Arcticroc contains fast SATA high capacity 3.5 drives in heat dissipating aluminum case. Silent fans assure quiet operation while providing maximum airflow for cooling purposes. The trayless function with SmartGuider ensures swift and simple hot-swapping. The RAID Mode Switch permits easy configuration options of RAID 0 (Striping), RAID 1 (Mirroring) RAID 5, RAID 5+HotSpare and RAID+1. Choose Rocstor drives and store your future. BOX CONTENTS 4-Bay RAID System 4 Handles USB cable, Type B to A 6-pin to6-pin FireWire 400 (1394a) cable 9-pin to 9-pin FireWire 800 (1394b) cable - one of these esata cable External Power Supply Quick Start Guide 4 Spare HDD Screws on back of cover lid HDD Screws x 16 ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 6

7 4-bay RAID HDD screws x 16 4 handles Quick Start Guide FireWire 400 cable FireWire 800 cable 4 spare HDD screws provided on back part of cover lid USB Type B to A cable esata cable External power supply Special Features Supports current SATA II compliant HDDs, fully backward compatible with SATA 1.0 and SATA 1.0a compliant HDDs Connects flexibly via an esata, USB 2.0, 1394a or 1394b port Provides RAID 0 (Striping), RAID 1 (Mirroring), RAID 5, RAID 5+HotSpare, and RAID 0+1 for effective storage management Supports automatic rebuild in RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 5+HotSpare, and RAID 0+1 Configures RAID modes easily using switches, no IT expertise required Simplifies RAID management, no software installation required Monitors system status via LED indicators Prevents over-tightened HDDs with auto-limiting segmented screws Features a trayless function with the SmartGuider TM and user-friendly design enables effortless HDD hot-swapping Dissipates heat efficiently with aluminum housing Maximizes airflow with silent fans and mechanical designs Supports hot-plug and HDD hot-swap Supports both online and offline rebuild Any loss, corruption, or destruction of data is the sole responsibility of the user of the RAID System. Under no circumstances will the manufacturer be held liable for the recovery or restoration of any data. SmartGuider TM is a trayless device that utilizes the simplicity of a handle and screws. The integrated handle is attached to the HDD with auto-limiting segmented screws. Then, the entire setup can be slid into the unit by aligning the screws with the specially designed guides. This results in flexibility and easy removal and insertion of the HDDs. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 7

8 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Mac Users: Hardware: esata* or FireWire* (400 or 800) or USB (1.1 or 2.0) port(s.) Mac: PowerPC or Intel Core Duo processor RAM: 64 MB Mac OS X, 256 RAM OS 10.4 OS: 10.2 or higher (PowerPC) 10.4 or higher (Intel) Window Users: Hardware: esata* or FireWire* (400 or 800) or USB (1.1 or 2.0) port(s.) Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 2000, XP, 2003, or Vista CPU: 266 MHz (Vista 800 MHz) RAM: 64 MB (Vista 512 MB) 3.5 SATA compatible hard drive is required for the RAID System unit. Once the HDDs are formatted, the actual available storage capacity can vary depending on the selected operating environment (normally 5-10 % less). * Many computers do not come with factory installed FireWire 800 or esata ports. Therefore, you may need to purchase a PCI, PCI-X or PCI-Express card to use these ports. Rocstor offers a variety of accessories to work with PC Windows or Mac based Computers. Please visit us at CONNECTORS FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b) port x2 FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a) port x1 USB 2.0 Type B port x1 esata port x1 DC Power Input ON/OFF Power Switch RAID Mode Switch HD Switch Lock Port/Slot ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 8

9 SYSTEM VIEWS Front View The status indication of each LED indicator is listed under the LED INDICATORS section below. 1 LED Indicators RAID Alert HDD 1 HDD 2 HDD 3 HDD 4 Power Rear View 2 FireWire 800 (2 ports) 6 RAID Mode Switch 3 FireWire 400 RAID HD 7 HD Switch 4 USB 2.0 Type B 8 Power Switch 5 esata Port esata DC IN 9 DC IN 10 Lock Port / Slot ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 9

10 Top & Cover View (Exposed) 11 FRONT Indicator 13 HDD Slots (indicate HDD 1 through HDD 4) 12 4 Spare HDD Screws ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 10

11 INSERTING/REPLACING THE HARD DRIVES IN THE RAID SYSTEM Place the RAID System with its front view facing you. Position one: hand on the front edge and one on the back edge of the top lid. Simultaneously, push the lid in the direction away from you, front to back, using your thumbs. A click sound would indicate the release of the top lid security clasp. Lift the top lid up to remove and expose the top view (or HDD slots). Take out the handles from the enclosure itself and locate the HDD screws in the packaging box. (Fasten the Handles onto the HDDs) ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 11

12 Place the HDD with the metal cover side facing up and ensure that the interface connectors are oriented toward your left side. Connectors Position the handle to the end, which is facing away from the interface connectors, and align it with the screw hole openings. Connectors ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 12

13 Fasten the handle onto the HDD by inserting and tightening the screws, the left one first, then the right one. Right Left Now, flip the HDD so it is facing you with the PCBA (Printed Circuit Board) on top and the unfasten handle side facing you. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 13

14 Insert and fasten the screws, the left one first, then the right one. Right Left Finally, conduct a test by sliding the handle to ensure the holes glide smoothly on the screw guides. Repeat the same procedures for the rest of HDDs. The auto-limiting segmented screws are designed to prevent the HDDs and/or the handles from damage due to over-tightening. Furthermore, this design makes the handle slide easily. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 14

15 To insert the HDD, hold the handle when it is in the upward position. When inserting the HDD on its reverse side, the SmartGuider TM System won t be able to align and the HDD cannot be inserted. Align the handle with the guide rails and slide the HDD into the indicated slot. Firmly push downward until a thump sound is heard. Repeat the same procedures for the rest of HDDs. In most cases, you would need to firmly push the trays to close until a thump sound is heard. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 15

16 Place RAID System with its front view facing you and the top lid on. Position one hand on the front edge and one on the back edge of the top lid. Simultaneously push the lid firmly downward and toward you, back to front. A click sound indicates the top lid is securely attached. Now, the RAID System is ready for connection to a computer! Installing HDDs OK! ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 16

17 CONNECTING THE RAID SYSTEM TO A COMPUTER Complete the following steps to connect the RAID System to a host computer. The RAID System should only be connected to a host computer via one interface. Connection of the system to a computer via two or more interfaces simultaneously is not recommended. Connect the AC/DC power adapter. esata DC IN RAID HD Insert both ends of the USB 2.0, esata, FireWire 400, or Fire Wire 800 cable(s) into the corresponding port of the RAID System and the host. Use only ONE connection cable. esata DC IN RAID HD It is highly recommended to select only one interface to do data transfer. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 17

18 Turn the power switch to the ON position. esata DC IN RAID HD ON When connected, the Power LED light will be steady green, and the HDD LED lights will become white and blink about 15 seconds. If the HDDs are inside the RAID System, the HDD LED lights will remain steadily white. If there are no HDDs inside the RAID System, the HDD LED lights will turn OFF after blinking. You are now ready to begin using your RAID System! ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 18

19 Ready to go! Due to compatibility issues, if you use the esata interface to do the data transfer, the Silicon Image esata host controller is highly recommended. Connecting Multiple Devices Using FireWire 400 or 800, you can connect other computer hardware or digital devices to your RAID System. This connection is called Daisy chain. Items which may be connected might be such as digital video camera, another HD or DVD writer. However, you must use the same interface in order for Daisy Chain to work. The computer will not recognize the different interfaces if they are all used at the same time. In addition, if a mix of connections is used, the resulting speed will be limited to the lowest one available. When only one of the FireWire connectors is plugged in, the other FireWire connector will be viewed as a daisy chain port. When only one of the USB or esata connectors is plugged in, the connector will be viewed as its originate port, either USB or esata respectively. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 19

20 RAID MODES A Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks (RAID) is a system that utilizes multiple hard drives to share or replicate data among the disks. The benefit, depending on the selected RAID Mode (combinations of disks), is one or more of the following: increased data integrity, fault-tolerance, and throughput or capacity when compared to single drives. Deleting the current partition prior to changing RAID modes is highly recommended. Using identical HDDs with the same capacity and RPM, and from the same manufacturer is highly recommended for best capacity utilization. RAID Mode Comparison List RAID mode Size Safe Fast RAID 0 (Striping) RAID 1 (Mirroring) RAID 5 RAID 5 + HotSpare RAID 0+1 ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 20

21 RAID 0 (Striping) RAID 0 (Striping) is a performance-oriented, non-redundant data mapping technique. It combines multiple hard drives into a single logical unit. Instead of seeing several different hard drives, the operating system sees only one large drive. Striping splits data evenly across two or more disks simultaneously, dramatically increasing performance. Striping can be implemented in disks of differing sizes, but the storage space added to the array by each disk is limited to the size of the smallest disk. Although Striping is an easily implemented simple configuration, Striping should never be used for mission critical applications. The speed of operation is excellent in comparison to other RAID modes. In Striping mode, it is not possible to see the HDDs as more than one unit. If you choose to insert all 4 HDDs, it will still be viewed as one single storage unit. When you choose to insert only two HDDs, there is not limitation on the order of HDD insertion or the slot number. RAID 0 A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 D3 D4 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 In Striping mode, if one disk in the RAID System fails, all data in installed disks will be lost. When operating under Striping mode, it is not recommended to do HDD Hot Swap. Any attempt to do so may result in complete loss of all data. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 21

22 RAID 1 (Mirroring) RAID 1 (Mirroring) consists of at least two drives storing duplicate copies of the same data. In this mode, the data is simultaneously written to two disks. Thus, the storage capacity of a twodisk array is combined into a single disk and the capacity is limited to the size of the smallest disk. The speed of operation is very slow in comparison to other RAID modes. During rebuild, the first HDD inserted into one of the HDD slots is recognized by the RAID System as the source HDD. To rebuild existing data from a source HDD to a backup HDD (target HDD), the source HDD must first be inserted into one of the HDD slots. After the host detects the source HDD, the target HDD should then be inserted in one of the other HDD slot. The RAID System will then recognize the target HDD and the rebuild process will begin when the HDD LED starts blinking. In Mirroring mode, only 2 HDDs are allowed for the function to perform properly. There is no limitation on the order of insertion or the slot number. However, if all 4 HDDs are inserted, the RAID System can only do Mirroring in the HDDs positioned in HDD 1 and HDD 2. It is not possible to process two sets of HDDs at the same time. RAID 1 A B C D A B C D Disk 1 Disk 2 In Mirroring mode, if one of the disks fails, either source or backup, the data is still available. However, if the source disk fails during the rebuild process, the data in both disks will be lost. It is NOT recommended to do Hot Swap for the source disk during the rebuild process because the data in both disks will be lost. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 22

23 RAID 5 RAID 5 uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all member disks. It is also called Parity RAID. Every time a block is written to a disk in a RAID 5 disk array, a parity block is generated within the same stripe. A block is composed of many consecutive sectors on a disk. A series of blocks (a block from each of the disks in an array) is collectively called a "stripe." The parity information inside the parity block is not the identical copy of the source data. It is generated via parity calculation. RAID 5 mode provides decent data protection and fault tolerance. The speed of operation is average in comparison to other RAID modes. Three or four disks are supported by RAID 5. The storage capacity will become all disks in total, minus 1. The capacity is limited to the size of the smallest disks. RAID 5 A1 A2 A3 Ap B1 B2 Bp B3 C1 Cp C2 C3 Dp D1 D2 D3 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 If one of the disks fails, the data can be reconstructed through parity calculation once the broken disk is replaced with a new one. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 23

24 RAID 5 + HotSpare In the RAID 5 + HotSpare Mode, also called HotStand, the last disk in the system is left empty as backup. When any of the disks in the system fails, the back up disk will automatically be rebuilt to replace the failed disk. RAID 5+HotSpare Mode provides more than decent data protection and fault tolerance. The speed of operation is slow in comparison to other RAID modes. Under RAID 5+HotSpare Mode, 4 HDDs in an array are required. The storage capacity will become 3 minus 1, totaling only 2 HDD storing data and is limited to the smallest size of the HDDs, plus 1 more HDD as the backup disk. RAID 5+HotSpare A1 A2 Ap B1 Cp Bp C1 B2 C2 Spare D2 Dp D1 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 If one of the disks fails, the source data can be reconstructed through parity calculation without replacing it with a new disk. In the 4-Bay RAID System, the "Disk 4" is located in the "HDD 1" slot position. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 24

25 RAID 0+1 In the RAID 0+1 mode, data is organized as stripes across multiple disks. Then, the striped disk sets are mirrored. It is usually called a mirror of stripes. RAID 0+1 mode provides excellent data protection and fault tolerance. The speed of operation is fast in comparison to other RAID modes (except RAID 0). Under the RAID 0+1 Mode, 4 HDDs in an array are required. However, the storage capacity is only 2 HDDs and is limited to size of the smallest HDD. RAID 0+1 RAID 1 RAID 0 RAID 0 A1 A2 A1 A2 A3 A4 A3 A4 B1 B2 B1 B2 B3 B4 B3 B4 Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 In RAID 0+1 mode, if any 2 of the 4 disks fail at the same time, the data can still be reconstructed when they are replaced with new HDDs. However, if both failed disks are in either HDD slots 2 & 3 or 1 & 4, the data will be lost. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 25

26 SETTING/CHANGING THE RAID MODE & NUMBER OF HDDS (MANUALLY) Changing the RAID Mode deletes all data stored on the device. If you have data in the drives, backup all data before changing the RAID Mode. Power OFF the RAID System. RAID HDOFF esata DC IN Use a small, flat-blade screwdriver to select the RAID Mode (RAID Switch). RAID esata DC IN RAID HD ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 26

27 Next, use the same small, flat-blade screwdriver to select the number of HDDs (HD Switch). HD After setting the new RAID mode and the number of HDDs, power the RAID System ON. esata DC IN RAID HD ON esata DC IN RAID HD It is highly recommended to always power OFF the RAID System before setting or changing the RAID Mode Switch and the HD Switch to ensure the new changes are accepted by the System. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 27

28 RAID Switch RAID Mode Switch RAID 0 (Striping) RAID 1 (Mirroring) RAID 5 RAID 5+HotSpare RAID 0+1 HD Switch Disk Number Setting HD Switch (HotSpare) If the HD Switch setting is not supported by the RAID Mode desired, or the number of disk inserted is not the same as recommended, the RAID System cannot be successfully created and the RAID Alert LED will be ON. (For a further explanation, please review the LED INDICATORS section.) ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 28

29 Number of Disks Supporting Each RAID Mode RAID Modes Number of Disk in RAID HDD Slot Number RAID 0 (Striping) 2 or 4 RAID 1 (Mirroring) 2 RAID 5 3 or 4 RAID 5 + HotSpare 4 RAID It is highly recommended to place the HDDs into the RAID System in order, from 1 through 4, consistently starting with slot "1" (indicated as "HDD 1"). ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 29

30 LED INDICATORS RAID Alert HDD1 HDD2 HDD3 HDD4 Pow er Power LED x 1 RAID Alert LED x 1 Indicators Power on Power off Indicators Healthy Danger Error Color Green None Color None Blink Red Red Danger: The RAID LED will blink if RAID status is in danger. For example, RAID 5 needs to have a minimum of 3 disks. If one of the disks is not working properly or fails, the LED indicator will blink and remind you to take actions (An action may include replacing a healthy HDD.) Error: The RAID Alert LED will be ON in RED if RAID status is in error. When the number of disk set is not supported by a certain RAID Mode or the number of disks inserted is not the same as HDD Switch setting, a RAID cannot be created successfully. HDD LED x 8 There are 2 LEDs for each HDD slot. The left LED indicates Connection and the right one indicates Health/Access. The Connection LED is only one-color (white). When the HDD is connected, the white LED will be ON. The Connection LED also indicates HDD power status and disk rebuild status. When the target HDD is being rebuilt, the white LED will blink. The Health/Access LED is dual-color (red/blue). The red color is for Health condition. The blue color is for Access condition. When the HDD is not healthy, the red LED will be ON. When the ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 30

31 HDD is being accessed, the blue LED will flash. When HDD is healthy and not being accessed, NO LED color will be ON. Disk Rebuild Indicator Left (Connection) HDD (1, 2, 3, 4) Right Color 1 (Health) Color 2 (Access) Disk error None Red None Data access White None Flash Blue Source HDD White None Blue Target HDD Blink White None Blue RAID mode RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 0+1 RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 0+1 RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 0+1 RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 0+1 The difference between a flashing LED and a blinking LED is that flashing refers to the read/write activity and blinking refers to slow but regular pulses. SAFE REMOVAL OF THE RAID SYSTEM Safe removal of the RAID System from the host controller is highly recommended, especially when switching interfaces. In order to safely remove your RAID System from the host controller, you would need to remove the device from your host controller. Most current USB host controllers handle USB and FireWire devices as external devices; thus, it is highly recommended that the RAID System be safely removed from the host if you are using the USB or FireWire interface. However, if you are using the esata interface, the host, depending on the esata controller, may handle external esata HDD devices as internal HDD devices. Thus, if using a PC System, safe removal of the RAID System from the host is necessary. If using a Mac System, safe removal of the RAID System from the host is unnecessary. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 31

32 EXTERNAL BOOTUP External Bootup may be required if the user has two different operating systems set up in both the host computer and the RAID System. PC The External Bootup with different interface: OS \ Interfaces USB 2.0 FireWire esata Windows No No Yes DOS Yes No Yes Linux No No Yes MAC The External Bootup varies with different platform and interfaces: Platform \ Interfaces USB 2.0 FireWire Mac driver built-in esata No driver builtin Power PC CPU (G4 or Later) No No Yes No Intel-based CPU Yes No Yes No If the computer does not come with esata interface and an optional esata card is added; it is highly recommended you choose a card that comes with a built-in drive and operating system. Disk Volume Over 2TB The 2+TB HDD support is determined by the chipset used in the device and the operating system itself. The RAID System supports and recognizes 2+TB HDDs, but the actual 2+TB support will vary depending on the different operating systems used. OS USB FireWire esata Windows 2000, XP, or older No No No Windows Windows XP 64-bit, Windows bit/64-bit (SP1 and SP2) Yes No Yes Windows Vista, Windows bit/64-bit Yes Yes Yes Linux Linux 32-bit/64-bit No No No Mac Mac OS 9/10.1/10.2 No No No Mac OS 10.3/10.4/10.5 Yes Yes Yes ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 32

33 esata PCI EXPRESS CARD INSTALLATION Complete the steps provided in this section to install the esata PCI Express Card to use with the RAID System. The esata PCI Express Card provides a host computer with two Windows and Mac compatible esata ports. System Requirements Windows 2000 or later 32-bit/64-bit OS Mac OS 10.4.x or later An available PCI-Express slot CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive Hardware Installation 1. Power off and unplug your computer. 2. Remove the housing of your computer and locate an available PCI-Express slot on your motherboard. 3. Insert the card in the available PCI-Express slot. Ensure that the card is firmly seated in the slot. 4. Replace the housing of your computer. System Frame Screw PCI-Express Card Mounting Bracket Driver Installation Follow the provided prompts to complete the driver installation. In the Windows system, the Add New Hardware Wizard will open automatically. Insert the installation CD included in the package, navigate to and open the installation file. For Mac OS, insert the installation CD and locate the Mac driver installation file. Follow the provided prompts to complete the driver installation. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 33

34 Please refer to User s Manual for esata Host Card on our website. Verify Driver Installation Mac OS: If a driver installation failure error message appears after restarting the computer, follow the recommendations provided in the error message. Windows OS: 1. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop and choose Manage from the pop-up menu. 2. Double-click Device Manager. 3. Double-click SCSI and RAID controllers. 4. Verify that the SiI 3132 SATALink Controller appears, as shown below. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 34

35 Windows 2003 and XP: Windows 2000: ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 35

36 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS CONCERNING RAID SYSTEMS Selecting the Proper RAID Mode Q: How do I choose the proper RAID mode for my Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID System? A: The Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID is a Mass Storage device, which means its capacity is sufficient for data management. The different RAID mode settings can help you administer the enormous data storage from the HDDs. It is highly recommended to choose the RAID mode based on one of three factors that is essential to complete your task. The three most common factors are size, capacity, speed and data protection. For example, if using the Arcticroc to simply watch films for enjoyment, the RAID 0 mode is perfect because it can maintain decent speed and still have a large storage capacity. HDD Capacity Q: All my HDDs are at least 1 TB or above. Will the RAID be able to support the gigantic storage capacity? A: Yes, the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID will be able to support any HDDs over 1 TB size capacity. However, older host systems cannot support over 2TB of total capacity. Newer systems such as the Mac OS 10.3 and newer, and PC Windows Vista or newer can handle HDDs over 1 TB. In addition, based on the host system you have, there may be limitations on the port connections when the storage size is over 2TB. Please see the chart below. OS USB FireWire esata Windows 2000, XP, or older No No No Windows Windows XP 64-bit, Windows bit/64-bit (SP-1 and SP-2) Windows Vista, Windows bit/64-bit Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Linux Linux 32-bit/64-bit No No No Mac Mac OS 9/10.1/10.2 No No No Mac OS 10.3/10.4/10.5 Yes Yes Yes ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 36

37 Discrepancy in Reported and Actual Size Capacity Q: I have a 750GB HDD, why does the RAID only recognize the HDD available space as less than 750GB? A: Many customers are confused by their host system when it reports a discrepancy between reported capacity and actual capacity. Several factors can come into play when your host system views and reports the capacity of a hard drive. There are actually two different numbering systems used to express units of storage capacity: Binary: provides that a kilobyte is equal to 1024 bytes; and Decimal: provides that a kilobyte is equal to 1000 bytes. Capacity Disclaimer Actual accessible hard drive capacity will indicate up to 10% lower than stated under different Operating Systems and formatting. The storage volume is measured in total bytes before formatting. References to round numbers of gigabytes or terabytes are an approximation only. For example, a disk drive labeled as having 500GB (gigabytes) has space for approximately 500,000,000,000 bytes before formatting. After formatting, the drive capacity is reduced by about 5% to 10% depending on the operating system and formatting used. RAID 0 Q: If I have 4 HDDs, can I create two sets of storage units by using RAID 0 Mode? A: The Arcticroc 4-Bay is designed to support 4 HDDs, but it cannot create or support two sets of storage units under RAID 0 mode. Rebuild Q: Does the RAID have to be connected to the host computer when it is in Rebuild Mode? A: No. The RAID can support off-line Rebuild, which means it can perform the Rebuild function without being connected to a host computer. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 37

38 SPECIFICATIONS Model Name Arcticroc 4-Bay Connector esata x 1, USB 2.0 x 1, 1394a x 1, 1394b x SATA HDD* HDD Support *Identical HDD recommended same manufacturer, capacity and RPM RAID 0 (Striping), RAID 1 (Mirroring), RAID 5, RAID 5+HotSpare, RAID Level RAID 0+1 esata: up to 3Gbit/sec USB 2.0: up to 480Mbit/sec Data Transfer Speed 1394a: up to 400Mbit/sec 1394b: up to 800Mbit/sec System Material Aluminum case with plastic parts LED Indicators Power / Connection / Health / Access / Rebuild / RAID Alert Input: AC V Power Supply Output: DC +12V/5A Peak current: 12A Dimension: 80 x 80 x 10 mm x 2 FAN Speed: 1900 R.P.M +-10% Noise: db(a) max Dimension 210 (L) x 138 (W) x 213 (H) mm Weight (without HDD) 2.3 KGS Certification CE, FCC ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 38

39 PARTITIONING AND FORMATTING THE ARCTICROC 4-BAY DRIVE ON A MAC OS All Rocstor drives are factory formatted with HFS+, unless otherwise stated on the retail box. WARNING: Initializing, Formatting, Configuring or Partitioning the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID will destroy all of its data. To protect your data, back it up before initializing, formatting, configuring or partitioning this device. IMPORTANT NOTES: 1. All programs should be closed before beginning. 2. Connect the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID to your computer using the appropriate cable(s). 3. Click means left click. Right Click will be so labeled. 4. Some computes are set so a single click will perform the task, such as opening a window. Depending on your mouse setting, you may have to double click to get to the next window. If a single click does not open the next window, please double click. 5. ALL RAID UNITS ARE SHIPPED FROM THE FACTORY CONFIGURED: RAID 0 (STRIPING). INSTRUCTIONS FOR PARTITIONING AND FORMATIING 1. Connect the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID to the computer via a port. 2. Turn ON the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID. 3. Reconfigure the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID by setting the dip-switches on the back of the unit as follows: ( s = switch) ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 39

40 RAID Configuration RAID 0 ON # of Disks s Supported s s 2 or RAID 1 ON # of Disks s s Supported s RAID 5 ON # of Disks s s Supported s 3 or RAID 5 + HotSpare ON # of Disks s s Supported s RAID 0+1 ON # of Disks s s Supported s ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 40

41 Disk Drive Configuration 2 Disks ON s s Disks ON s s Disks ON s s Disks + HotSpare ON s s 1 2 ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 41

42 4. Reformat the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID by following these instructions: a) Initialize b) You will be prompted to Disk Utility ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 42

43 5. On the left side of the Disk Utility menu is a list of available drives. One will be the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID, labeled Rocraid. Click on the Rocraid icon. 6. You are now in the Rocraid menu. Click the Partition tab and then click the Current tab (up/down arrows) under Volume Scheme. A drop down Partition menu will appear. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 43

44 7. In the Partition menu, you may select any number of partitions available under Volume Scheme. (Normally, select 1 partition.) 8. If you are using Panther, proceed to #10 below. 9. If you are using Tiger, click on Options on the lower center of the window. Select the Partition Scheme. Suggest you select Apple Partition Map then click OK. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 44

45 10. Volume Information: select a name for your drive and enter it here. 11. Format: Click on either the Format area or the Blue up/down arrows. Select Mac OS Extended (journaled). 12. After selecting the type of format, click the Partition or Apply tab in the lower right of the screen. On the next screen, Partition Disk, click Partition or Apply again. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 45

46 13. The Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID will begin to format and upon completion, the icon with your designated name will appear on the Desktop. The next screen will ask you to backup your data using the Time Machine application. Click Cancel or Use as Backup Disk. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 46

47 14. You can now Exit or close to return to the desktop. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 47

48 PARTITIONING AND FORMATTING THE ARCTICROC 4-BAY DRIVE ON A WINDOWS OS All Rocstor drives are factory formatted with HFS+, unless otherwise stated on the retail box. IF YOU ARE USING THIS DEVICE ON A PC, YOU MUST REFORMAT THE ARCTICROC 4-BAY RAID TO NTFS. See instructions below. DIFFERENT WAYS TO GET TO THE CONTROL PANEL: (You may use any one of the following methods.) 1. If the icon My Computer shows on your desktop, click or double click on the icon. Under Other Places click on Control Panel, or, Under Windows XP under Vista OS 2. If the icon My Computer does not show on your desktop, click on the Start icon on the lower left of your screen. If the Control Panel link is displayed, click on the Control Panel link, or ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 48

49 3. If the icon My Computer does not show on your desktop, click on the Start icon on the lower left of your screen. If the Control Panel link is not displayed, click on the Settings link and then click on the Control Panel link, or ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 49

50 4. Click on the Start icon on the lower left of your screen. Click on Run. Delete anything listed in the Open window. Type the following: compmgmt.msc and then click OK. You will be taken to the Computer Management screen. Skip to Instruction # 3 below (Instructions Upon Reaching Control Panel). ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 50

51 INSTRUCTIONS UPON REACHING CONTROL PANEL 1. After reaching the Control Panel, click on Administrative Tools. 2. After reaching Administrative Tools, click on Computer Management. 3. After reaching Computer Management, click on Disk Management. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 51

52 WARNING: Initializing, Formatting, Configuring or Partitioning the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID will destroy all of its data. To protect your data, back it up before initializing, formatting, configuring or partitioning this device. IMPORTANT NOTES: 1. All programs should be closed before beginning. 2. Connect the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID to your computer using the appropriate cable(s). 3. Click means left click. Right Click will be so labeled. 4. Some computes are set so a single click will perform the task, such as opening a window. Depending on your mouse setting, you may have to double click to get to the next window. If a single click does not open the next window, please double click. 5. ALL RAID UNITS ARE SHIPPED FROM THE FACTORY CONFIGURED: RAID 0 (STRIPING). INSTRUCTIONS FOR PARTITIONING AND FORMATIING 1. Connect the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID to the computer via a port. 2. Turn ON the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID. 3. Reconfigure the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID by setting the dip-switches on the back of the unit as follows: ( s = switch) ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 52

53 RAID Configuration RAID 0 ON # of Disks s Supported s s 2 or RAID 1 ON # of Disks s s Supported s RAID 5 ON # of Disks s s Supported s 3 or RAID 5 + HotSpare ON # of Disks s s Supported s RAID 0+1 ON # of Disks s s Supported s ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 53

54 Disk Drive Configuration 2 Disks ON s s Disks ON s s Disks ON s s Disks + HotSpare ON s s 1 2 ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 54

55 4. Go to Computer Management, then double click on Disk Management. A window on the lower right side of the screen will open indicating the various drives on the computer. Right click on the red circular icon. Then click on Initialize. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 55

56 5. Select the corresponding disk number for the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID, then click OK. 6. The Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID will show up in the lower menu as an Unallocated disk. The color of the bar should be black. 7. Right click anywhere in the Unallocated disk area in the lower menu. 8. Click on New Partition. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 56

57 9. You are taken to Welcome to the New Partition Wizard. Click Next. 10. Click on Primary partition (it should be selected as the default partition). Click Next. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 57

58 11. Under Specify Partition Size, click Next to accept the default setting, which is the maximum size allowed. 12. Under Assign Drive Letter or Path, accept the default letter and click Next. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 58

59 13. In the Format Partition, accept the default setting. 14. The Volume label can be changed to any name up to 11 characters. 15. Suggest Perform a quick format be selected and then click Next. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 59

60 16. You now reached the Completing the New Partition Wizard screen. It displays the various settings you previously selected. If you are satisfied with your selections, click Finish to complete the new formatting. At this time the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID is being formatted, which may take a few minutes. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 60

61 17. You will return automatically to the Disk Management window and will see the newly formatted Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID on the screen with the name you selected. If no new name was entered in the Volume label, the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID will show up as New Volume. To rename the volume at this time, right click New Volume and click Properties. You can now change the volume name up to 11 characters. Click OK. 18. You can also change the name at any time in the future by reaching the Properties menu of the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID. 19. You can now Exit or close to return to the desktop. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 61

62 KNOWLEDGE BASE Introductions: Interfaces (ports) and Cables FireWire is Apple Inc. s brand name for the IEEE 1394 interface (although the 1394 standard also defines a backplane interface). FireWire is also known as i.link (Sony s name) and DV (Panasonic s name, not to be confused with DV camcorder tapes). It is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer, frequently used in a personal computer and digital audio / digital video devices. Standards and versions FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394) 6-Pin connector can transfer data between devices at 100, 200, or 400 Mbits/s half-duplex data rates (the actual transfer rates are , , and Mbits/s, i.e , and megabytes per second respectively). These different transfer modes are commonly referred to as S100, S200, and S400. Cable length is limited to 14.8 ft (4.5 meters), although up to 16 cables can be daisy-chained using active repeaters, external hubs, or internal hubs often present in FireWire equipment. The S400 standard limits any configuration's maximum cable length to 230Ft (72 meters.) The 6-pin connector is commonly found on desktop computers and can supply the connected device with power. The 6-pin powered connector adds power output to support external devices. Typically a device can pull about 7 to 8 watts from the port. However, the voltage varies significantly from different devices. Voltage is specified as unregulated and should nominally be about 25 volts (range 24 to 30). Apple's implementation on laptops is typically related to battery power and can be as low as 9 V but more likely about 12 V. FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a) 1394a also standardized the 4 pin connector already widely in use. The 4-pin version is used on many consumer devices such as camcorders, some laptops and other small FireWire devices. Though fully data compatible with 6-pin interfaces, it lacks power connectors. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 62

63 FireWire 800 (IEEE 1394b) 9-pin FireWire 800/3200 (IEEE 1394b) connector was introduced commercially by Apple in This newer 1394 specification (1394b) and corresponding products allow a transfer rate of Mbits/sec full-duplex via a new encoding scheme termed beta mode. It is backwards compatible to the slower rates and 6-pin connectors of FireWire 400. However, while the IEEE 1394a and IEEE 1394b standards are compatible, the FireWire 800's connector is different from FireWire 400's connector, making the two cables incompatible. An adapter or adapter cable, purchased from a local electronics store allows the connection of older devices to the newer port. The full IEEE 1394b specification supports data rates up to 3200 Mbits/sec over beta-mode optical connections up to 320 Ft (100 meters) in length. Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices. USB was designed to allow peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket and to improve Plug-and-play capabilities by allowing devices to be connected and disconnected without rebooting the computer (hot-swapping). Other convenient features include providing power to low-consumption devices without the need for an external power supply and allowing many devices to be used without requiring manufacturer specific, individual device drivers to be installed. USB can connect computer peripherals such as external hard drives storage devices, keyboards, PDAs, scanners, digital cameras, printers, personal media players and flash drives. For many of those devices USB has become the standard connection method. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 63

64 USB supports three data transfer rates: USB 2.0: A Hi-Speed rate of 480 Mbits/s (60 MB/s). All Rocstor devices are integrated with USB 2.0, Hi-Speed. USB 1.1: A Full Speed rate of 12 Mbits/s (1.5 MB/s). All USB Hubs support Full Speed. USB 1.0: A Low Speed rate of 1.5 Mbits/s (187 KB/s) Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) is a computer bus primarily designed for transfer of data between a computer and storage devices (like hard disk drives or optical drives). The main benefits are faster transfers, ability to remove or add devices while operating (hotswapping), thinner cables that let air cooling work more efficiently, and more reliable operation with tighter data integrity checks than the older Parallel ATA interface. SATA 1.5 GB/s and SATA 3 GB/s SATA is designed to be backward and forward compatible with future revisions of the SATA standard. External SATA Maximum cable length is 6.6 Ft (2 meters). USB and FireWire allow longer distances. This table shows the real speed of SATA 1.5 Gbits/s and SATA 3 GB/s: SATA 1.5 Gbits/s SATA 3 Gbits/s Frequency 1500 MHz 3000 MHz Bits/clock 1 1 8b10b encoding 80% 80% Bits/Byte 8 8 Real speed 150 MB/s 300 MB/s ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 64

65 SATA offers performance as high as 3.0 GB/sec per device with the current specification. It also offers new features such as hot swapping. Comparison Chart: Raw Bandwidth Transfer Speed (Mbits/s) (Mbits/s) Max. Cable Length Feet (meters) Power Provided Device per channel SAS Ft (8 m) No 4 esata Ft (2 m) No 1 (15 W/ port multiplier) SATA Ft (1 m) No 1 per line SATA Ft (1 m) No 1 per line PATA (133) inches (0.46 meters) No 2 FireWire ; (Cables available for 100m+) V, 15 W 63 FireWire [11] m V, 15 W 63 FireWire Ft (4.5 m) V, 15 W 63 USB [14] m 5 V, 2.5 W 127 USB TBD 5 V, 2.5 W 127 Ultra -320 SCSI Ft (12 m) No 16 Fiber Channel Over Copper Cable Fiber Channel Over Fiber Infiniband Ft (12 m) No Ft ( m) No > 32 Ft (>10 m) Copper with switches with switches 1 with point to point 12x quad-rate <32,800 Ft (<10000 m) Fiber No Many W/switched Fabric ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 65

66 INTRODUCTION TO FORMATTING File Allocation Table (FAT) FAT is a file system developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS and is the primary file system for consumer versions of Microsoft Windows. The FAT file system is relatively uncomplicated and is supported by virtually all existing operating systems for personal computers. This makes it an ideal format for hard drives and other storage devices and a convenient way of sharing data between disparate operating systems installed on the same computer (a dual boot environment). FAT 32 is a disk formatting scheme which allows a maximum file size of 4 GB. Larger files require another formatting type such as HFS+ or NTFS. Microsoft s Scan-Disk utility, included with Windows 95/98, places a volume limit of gigabytes. FAT 32 was introduced with Windows 95 OSR2. Windows 98 introduced a utility to convert existing hard disks from FAT16 to FAT32 without loss of data. In the NT line, native support for FAT32 arrived in Windows Windows 2000 and Windows XP can read and write to FAT32 file systems of any size, but the format program included in Windows 2000 and higher can only create FAT32 file systems of 32 GB or less. This limitation is by design and was imposed because many tasks on very large FAT32 files become slow and inefficient when file systems exceed 32GB. This limitation can be bypassed when using the Windows command line Format utility or by using third-party formatting utilities. The maximum possible size for a file on a FAT32 volume is 4 GB minus 1 byte. Video capture and editing applications and some other software can easily exceed this limit. Until mid-2006, those who run dual boot systems or who move external data drives between computers with different operating systems had little choice but to stick with FAT32. Since then, full support for NTFS has become available in Linux and many other operating systems by installing the FUSE library (on Linux) together with the NTFS-3G application. Data exchange is also possible between Windows and Linux by using the Linux-native ext2 or ext3 file systems through the use of external drivers for Windows, such as ext2 IFS. However, Windows cannot boot from ext2 or ext3 partitions. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 66

67 HFS Plus or HFS+ This is a file system developed by Apple Inc. to replace their Hierarchical File System (HFS) as the primary file system used in Macintosh computers (or other systems running Mac OS). It is also one of the formats used by the ipod digital music player. HFS Plus is also referred to as Mac OS Extended (or, erroneously, HFS Extended ), where its predecessor, HFS is also referred to as Mac OS Standard (or, erroneously, as HFS Standard ). During development, Apple referred to this file system with the codename Sequoia. HFS Plus is an improved version of HFS, supporting much larger files (block addresses are 32-bit length instead of 16-bit) and using Unicode (instead of Mac OS Roman or any of several other character sets) for naming the items (files, folders). Names were normalized to a form very nearly the same as NFD (there are some minor differences derived from the fact that the HFS Plus format was finalized before Unicode had standardized the NFD format). HFS Plus permits filenames up to 255 UTF-16 characters in length, and n-forked files similar to NTFS, though almost no software takes advantage of forks other than the data fork and resource fork. HFS Plus also uses a full 32-bit allocation mapping table, rather than HFS s 16 bits. This was a serious limitation of HFS, meaning that no disk could support more than 65,536 allocation blocks under HFS. When disks were small, this was of little consequence, but as larger-capacity drives became available, it meant that the smallest amount of space that any file could occupy (a single allocation block) became excessively large, wasting significant amounts of space. For example, on a 1 GB disk, the allocation block size under HFS is 16 KB, so even a 1 byte file would take up 16 KB of disk space. HFS Plus volumes are divided into sectors (called logical blocks in HFS), that are usually 512 bytes in size. These sectors are then grouped together into allocation blocks which can contain one or more sectors. The number of allocation blocks depends on the total size of the volume. HFS Plus uses a larger value to address allocation blocks than HFS, 32 bits rather than 16 bits. This means it can access 4,294,967,296 (=2 32 ) allocation blocks rather than the 65,536 (=2 16 ) allocation blocks available to HFS. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 67

68 LIMITED WARRANTY This Limited Warranty is provided by Rocstorage, Inc. (hereinafter: Rocstor) for all lines of products. General Terms EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY, ROCSTOR MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARCTICULAR PURPOSE. ROCSTOR EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS NOT STATED IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES THAT MAY BE IMPOSED BY LAW ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE LIMITED WARRANTY PERIOD. SOME STATES OR COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW A LIMITATION ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS OR THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS. IN SUCH STATES OR COUNTRIES, SOME EXCLUSIONS OR LIMITATIONS OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. This Limited Warranty applies to the Rocstor branded hardware products sold by or leased from Rocstorage, Inc., its worldwide subsidiaries, affiliates, authorized resellers, or country distributors (collectively referred to in this Limited Warranty as Rocstor ) with this Limited Warranty. This Limited Warranty is applicable in all countries and may be enforced in any country where Rocstor or its authorized service providers offer warranty service subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Limited Warranty. However, warranty service availability and response times may vary from country to country and may also be subject to registration requirements in the country of purchase. Rocstor warrants that the Rocstor hardware product and all the internal components of the product that you have purchased or leased from Rocstor are free from defects in materials or workmanship under normal use during the Limited Warranty Period. The Limited Warranty Period starts on the date of purchase or lease from Rocstor. Your dated sales or delivery receipt, showing the date of purchase or lease of the product, is your proof of the purchase or lease date. You may be required to provide proof of purchase or lease as a condition of receiving warranty service. You are entitled to warranty service according to the terms and conditions of this document if a repair to your Rocstor branded hardware is required within the Limited Warranty Period. This Limited Warranty extends only to the original purchaser or lessee of this Rocstor branded product and is not transferable to anyone who obtains ownership of the Rocstor branded product from the original purchaser or lessee. Rocstor products are manufactured using new materials or new and used materials equivalent to new in performance and reliability. Spare parts may be new or equivalent to new. Spare parts are warranted to be free from defects in material or workmanship for thirty (30) days or for the remainder of the Limited Warranty Period of the Rocstor hardware product in which they are installed, whichever is longer. Rocstor s Obligation under the Limited Warranty During the Limited Warranty Period, Rocstor will repair or replace the defective component parts or the hardware product. All component parts or hardware products removed under this Limited Warranty become the property of Rocstor. The replacement part or product takes on either the Limited Warranty status of the removed part or product or the thirty (30) day limited warranty of the spare part. In the unlikely event that your Rocstor product has a recurring failure, Rocstor, at its discretion, may elect to provide you with a replacement unit of Rocstor s choosing that is at least equivalent to your Rocstor branded product in hardware performance. Rocstor reserves the right to elect, at its sole discretion, to give you a refund of your purchase price or lease payments (less interest) instead of a replacement. This is your exclusive remedy for defective products. The original Limited Warranty is not extended when the product, or a part of the product, is repaired or replaced during the Limited Warranty period. Rocstor shall not be responsible or liable for backing up any data that is on a drive being returned for service ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 68

69 YOU SHOULD MAKE PERIODIC BACKUP COPIES OF THE DATA STORED ON YOUR HARD DRIVE OR OTHER STORAGE DEVICES AS A PRECAUTION AGAINST POSSIBLE FAILURES, ALTERATION, OR LOSS OF THE DATA. BEFORE RETURNING ANY UNIT FOR SERVICE, BE SURE TO BACK UP DATA AND REMOVE ANY CONFIDENTIAL, PROPRIETARY, OR PERSONAL INFORMATION. ROCSTOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGE TO OR LOSS OF ANY PROGRAMS, DATA, OR REMOVABLE STORAGE MEDIA. ROCSTOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RESTORATION OR REINSTALLATION OF ANY PROGRAMS OR DATA OTHER THAN SOFTWARE INSTALLED BY ROCSTOR WHEN THE PRODUCT WAS MANUFACTURED. Rocstor does not warrant that the operation of this product will be uninterrupted or error-free. Rocstor is not responsible for damage that occurs as a result of your failure to follow the instructions that came with the Rocstor branded product. This Limited Warranty does not apply to expendable parts. This Limited Warranty does not extend to any product from which the serial number has been removed or that has been damaged or rendered defective (a) as a result of accident, misuse, abuse, or other external causes; (b) by operation outside the usage parameters stated in the user documentation that shipped with the product and/or posted on the Rocstor website; (c) by the use of parts not manufactured or sold by Rocstor; (d) as a result of normal wear; or (e) by modification or service by anyone other than (i) Rocstor, (ii) a Rocstor authorized service provider, or (iii) your own installation of end-user replaceable Rocstor or Rocstor approved parts if available for your product in the servicing country. These terms and conditions constitute the complete and exclusive limited warranty agreement between Rocstor and you regarding the Rocstor branded product you have purchased or leased. These terms and conditions supersede any prior agreements or representations including representations made in Rocstor sales literature or advice given to you by Rocstor or an agent or employee of Rocstor-that may have been made in connection with your purchase or lease of the Rocstor branded product. No change to the conditions of this Limited Warranty is valid unless it is made in writing and signed by an authorized representative of Rocstor. Buyer s Obligation under the Warranty The person requesting coverage under this warranty shall prove that he or she is the original purchaser and declares that the product has not been sold, leased, bartered or otherwise changed possession. The purchaser shall frequently backup the Rocpro hard drive and backup the data immediately prior to returning the drive for warranty service. The buyer must notify Rocstor and show proof of notification, through any reasonable means of communication. See full street address address and toll free phone numbers below or updated contact information are available on Rocstor.com website. The notification shall identify any defect, malfunction, or nonconformity promptly upon discovery. Rocstor will acknowledge receipt of the communication and issue a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) code. The buyer is obligated to securely and safely package(s) the product, preferably in the original packing materials, WITH THE RMA number, and deliver it together with a copy of the original purchase receipt and a description of the problem to the Rocstor home office. Buyer is responsible for the product until it is received by Rocstor. It is recommended that the product be insured during transportation by the sender. You must prepay any shipping charges, taxes, or duties associated with transportation of the product. In addition, you are responsible for insuring any product shipped or returned for service. You assume risk of loss during shipping. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 69

70 Limitation of Damages (Liability) IF YOUR ROCSTOR BRANDED HARDWARE PRODUCT FAILS TO WORK AS WARRANTED ABOVE, THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT. ROCSTOR S MAXIMUM LIABILITY UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY LIMITED TO THE LESSER OF THE PRICE YOU HAVE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT OR THE COST OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF ANY ROCSTOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS THAT MALFUNCTION IN CONDITIONS OF NORMAL USE. ROCSTOR IS NOT LIABILE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO ANY OTHER PRODUCT CONNECTED TO A ROCSTOR PRODUCT. Limitation on Consequential Damages ROCSTOR IS NOT LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE PRODUCT OR THE FAILURE OF THE PRODUCT TO PERFORM, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS OR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. ROCSTOR IS NOT LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM MADE BY A THIRD PARTY OR MADE BY YOU FOR A THIRD PARTY. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY ALSO APPLIES WHETHER DAMAGES ARE SOUGHT OR A CLAIM IS MADE UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY OR AS A TORT CLAIM (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE AND STRICT PRODUCT LIABILITY), A CONTRACT CLAIM OR ANY OTHER CLAIM. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY CANNOT BE WAIVED OR AMENDED BY ANY PERSON. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY WILL BE EFFECTIVE EVEN IF YOU HAVE ADVISED ROCSTOR OR AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF ROCSTOR OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGES. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS. YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS THAT MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE OR FROM COUNTRY TO COUNTRY. YOU ARE ADVISED TO CONSULT APPLICABLE STATE OR COUNTRY LAWS FOR A FULL DETERMINATION OF YOUR RIGHTS. Disclaimer We accept no liability for any loss of data, damages and the inability of Rocstor products to work with any third party equipment. Nor can Rocstor accept any liability or responsibility for software or third party hardware products. Limited Warranty Period The limited warranty period for the Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID is one (1) Year Parts and Labor. This Limited Warranty extends only to the original purchaser or lessee of this Rocstor branded product and is not transferable to anyone who obtains ownership of the Rocstor branded product from the original purchaser or lessee. Types of Limited Warranty Service Your Rocstor Limited Warranty consists of repair or replacement of defective parts, including hard drives identified by Rocstor Support Organization as pre-failure. Carry-in Limited Warranty Service Available Monday - Friday Under the terms of carry-in service, you may be required to deliver your Rocstor product to the Rocstor Service Center or an authorized service location for warranty repair. You must prepay any shipping charges, taxes or duties associated with transportation of the product. In addition, you are responsible for insuring any product shipped or returned for service. You assume risk of loss during shipping. YOU SHOULD MAKE PERIODIC BACKUP COPIES OF THE DATA STORED ON YOUR HARD DRIVE OR OTHER STORAGE DEVICES AS A PRECAUTION AGAINST POSSIBLE FAILURES, ALTERATION OR LOSS OF THE DATA. BEFORE RETURNING ANY UNIT FOR SERVICE, BE SURE TO BACK UP DATA AND REMOVE ANY CONFIDENTIAL, PROPRIETARY OR PERSONAL INFORMATION. ROCSTORAGE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGE TO OR LOSS OF ANY PROGRAMS, DATA OR REMOVABLE STORAGE MEDIA. ROCSTORAGE IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RESTORATION OR REINSTALLATION OF ANY PROGRAMS OR DATA OTHER THAN SOFTWARE INSTALLED BY ROCSTORAGE WHEN THE PRODUCT WAS MANUFACTURED. Rocstorage shall not be responsible or liable for backing up any data that is on a drive being returned for service. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 70

71 Expect that all data on the drive will be destroyed and not retrievable when returned for warranty service. Rocstor Replaceable Parts Program Where available, the Rocstor Replaceable Parts program ships approved replacement parts directly to you to fulfill your warranty. This will save considerable repair time. After you call the Rocstor Technical Support Center at a replaceable part can be sent directly to you. Once the part arrives, call the Rocstor Technical Support Center. A technician will assist you over the phone to ensure that the installation is quick and easy. Service Upgrades Rocstor offers extra coverage for your product. For information on service upgrades, visit Service upgrades purchased in one country are not transferable to another country. Capacity Disclaimer Actual accessible hard drive capacity will indicate up to 10% lower than stated under different Operating Systems and formatting. The storage volume is measured in total bytes before formatting. References to round numbers of gigabytes or terabytes are an approximation only. For example, a disk drive labeled as having 500GB (Gigabytes) has space for approximately 500,000,000 bytes before formatting. After formatting, the drive capacity is reduced by about 5% to 10% depending on the operating system and formatting used or 1GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes. Options and Software The Limited Warranty terms and conditions for Rocstor options are as indicated in the Limited Warranty applicable to Rocstor options. ROCSTOR DOES NOT WARRANTY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING ANY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS OR THE OPERATING SYSTEM PREINSTALLED BY ROCSTOR. Rocstor s only obligations with respect to software distributed by Rocstor under the Rocstor brand name are set forth in the applicable end-user license or program license agreement. Non-Rocstor hardware and software products are provided AS IS and without any Warranty. However, non-rocstor manufacturers, suppliers or publishers may provide their own warranties directly to you. The data stored in Rocstor and Rocsecure storage product lines are not guaranteed by Rocstor (or the hard disk manufacturer.) We are not responsible for any loss of data. Always back up data regularly ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 71

72 TECHNICAL SUPPORT Software Technical Support Software technical support is defined as assistance with questions and issues about the software that was either preinstalled by Rocstor on the Rocstor branded product or that was included with the Rocstor branded product at the time of your purchase or lease of the product. Technical support for software is available for the first ninety (90) days from date of product purchase or lease. Your dated sales or delivery receipt, showing the date of purchase or lease of the product, is your proof of the purchase or lease date. You may be required to provide proof of purchase or lease as a condition of receiving software technical support. After the first ninety (90) days, technical support for software that was either preinstalled by Rocstor on the Rocstor branded product or included with the Rocstor branded product at the time of your purchase or lease of the product is available for a fee. WARNING: The individual user should take care to determine prior to use whether this device is suitable, adequate or safe for the use intended. Since individual applications are subject to great variation, the manufacturer Rocstor makes no representation or warranty as to the suitability or fitness of these devices for any specific application. Technical Support The Arcticroc 4-Bay RAID is backed by free telephone technical support for two (2) years from the date of purchase. Please register your product with Rocstor. To register, fill in the Limited Warranty Registration form in the Support tab at Free telephone technical support is available weekdays from 9 AM until 6 PM Pacific Standard Time. Customers in the United States and Canada can call toll-free: (888) ; all others must call (818) When calling for support, please have the product s serial number (printed on the label on the bottom of the drive) and system hardware information available. ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 72

73 TRADEMARKS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2009, Rocstorage, Inc; acknowledges the following trademarks for company names or products mentioned within the Rocstor site, portal pages and Articles/text/manuals: Rocstor, Rocsecure and Rocpower are registered trademarks of Rocstorage, Inc. Rocpro, Rocport, Rocbit, Rocsafe are the trademarks of Rocstorage, Inc. "store your future", "secure your future" and power your future are the slogan marks of Rocstorage, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, Mac, Power Macintosh, FireWire, and Mac Pro, Leopard are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows CE, Windows NT, Windows 98, Soft Windows, Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Intel, Itanium, Pentium XXX, Celeron, and Xeon MMX are registered U.S. trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. This product is (may also be) integrated with SATA hard drives from the following manufactures: Seagate, Samsung, Western Digital, Hitachi, Toshiba, Fujitsu All other names are trademarks of their respective companies. Rocstor wishes to acknowledge the use of tables, charts, graphs and texts from the Wikipedia website COPYRIGHTS 2009 Rocstorage, Inc. This Manual is protected by United States copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast without the prior written permission of Rocstorage, Inc. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of this Manual. Assembled/designed/integrated in U.S.A. using domestic and / or foreign components. The Arcticroc 4T enclosure (without Hard Drives) is Made in China ARCTICROC 4T 4Bay RAID System - User Manual Page 73