Gasification of Biomass for Syngas generation at ETC

Transcription

1 Gasification of Biomass for Syngas generation at ETC Magnus Marklund Senior Scientist/Group Leader ETC Final HighBIO seminar in Kokkola May 24, 2011

2 in Piteå, Sweden Research foundation founded 1989 Applied research and consultancy Focus on bio-based combustion, gasification and bio-refining Currently 16 employees Independent R&D partner 2

3 ETC Research Topics Pre-treatment & feeding Operation& Sampling Process modeling Conversion analyses Spray characterization Syngas upgrading 3

4 Gasification projects 2011 Härnösand Wood 150 kwth DME Kumla Wood 300 MWth(?) Methanol, SNG Hagfors Wood 107 MWth ton/y Methanol Gbg Göteborg Wood MWth SNG Göteborg pilot Wood 4 MWth Helsingborg(?) Wood 200 MWth SNG Piteå pilot Black liquor 3 MWth DME 4 ton/day Piteå pilot Forest residue 1 MWth Piteå pilot Wood pellets 500 kwth Hortlax demo Wood pellets 4 MWth CHP 1 MWel Övik demo Black liquor 200 MWth DME/MeOH 280 ton/day Stockholm pilot Wood 800 kwth, CHP Värnamo Wood 18 MWth SNG, FT

5 Smurfit Kappa Kraftliner Bio- Power boiler Site View! Smurfit Kappa Kraftliner Chemrec DP1 Solander Science Park ETC BioDME Gasification Centre 5

6 Forest feedstock in Sweden Today s use of forest feedstock in Sweden Residues 70 TWh Black liquor 40 TWh *Million tons dry biomass Source: Biomassaflöden i svensk skogsnäring 2004, Per Olov Nilsson. Rapport Skogsstyrelsen ISSN

7 What about sustainability? RME Ethanol from wheat Ethanol from wood Synthetic diesel from wood km ha, yr Synthetic Diesel - black liquor DME / Methanol Could - wood replace ~45 % of today's fossil use in Sweden by 2050! DME / Methanol - black liquor Source: Volvo AB 7

8 Direct biomass gasification IVAB Gasifier Pilot plant for direct gasification of biomass powder to syngas (CO + H 2 ) Situated in ETC Gasification Centre Based on the PEBG concept R&D perfomed by ETC and LTU Objective: To verify the technology concept for future commercialization 8

9 Driving forces A concept for shortest way from forest residue to valuable syngas! 9

10 Plant FLARE Nominal plant capacity: 1 MW at 10 bar Oxygen blown gasification Refractory lined reactor operating at C Bubbling quench for cooling and separation Flaring of the product gas (side stream for analysis) 10

11 Main R&D Challanges Efficient fuel powder preparation Robust and stable fuel feeding Durable construction materials Minimize oxygen consumption Safe and stable process control Control of the varying fuel chemistry 11

12 Fuel materials Pine [wt-%] dry basis Spruce [wt-%] dry basis Stem wood Tops and branches Stubs and roots

13 Fuel materials Stem wood 1 Bark Stumps Wood chips Wood pellets Ash [dry wt-%] Moisture [wt%] Lower heating value, LCV [MJ/kg] Density , [kg/m 3 ] Volatile > >70 matter [wt-%] Ash melting >1120 point [ C] C [dry wt-%] H [dry wt-%] N [dry wt-%] < O [dry wt-%] ~40 S [dry wt-%] <0.05 < < Cl [dry wt-%] ~ K [dry wt-%] ~0.02 n.a. Ca [dry wt-%] ~0.04 n.a. 1 Without bark 2 The first figure is for softwood and the second for hardwood 13

14 Plant Commissioning Steps: 1.1 Cold process with just nitrogen throughput at atmospheric pressure. 1.2 Calibration tests of the feeding and burner system in the plant. 1.3 Cold process with just nitrogen throughput at 5 bara pressure. 1.4 Cold process with nitrogen and steam wood powder at atmospheric pressure. 1.5 Controlled heat up of lining to 1000 C. 1.6 Warm process with just nitrogen throughput at 5 bara pressure. 1.7 Warm process with synthetic air (oxygen/nitrogen blended) and steam wood powder at atmospheric pressure. 1.8 Warm process with synthetic air (oxygen/nitrogen blended) and steam wood powder at 2 bara pressure. 1.9 Warm process with pure oxygen and different wood powders up to 5 bara pressure Primarily, bark, stumps and wood residues from pulp mills will be tested. 14

15 Plant Commissioning Feeding rate (kg/h) Feeding calibration Feeding speed (-) Axel 1 Axel Axel 2 Mean Linear (Mean) 15

16 Plant Commissioning Camera view in reactor during heating Reactor shell temperature Lining Heater Flenge Shell 16

17 Plant Commissioning So far: Combustion experiments with synthetic air performed ~8 h accumulated runtime Improved control and stability achieved Highest operated temperature 1350 C Slightly pressurised ~0.5 barg 17

18 Test av 10 Volvo lastbilar Syntesgas från Chemrecs svartlutsförgasare 4 ton DME / dygn Bio- DME European Project BioDME 7th Framework Programme 18

19 Fieldtest Partners: 10 Volvo DME trucks in customer operation Demonstrate and verify DME technology in real applications Planned yearly distance km per truck (average) Piteå Field test Stockholm Göteborg Jönköping European Project BioDME 7th Framework Programme 19

20 The DP-1 Gasifier 3 MW thermal power (20 ton BL/day) 30 bar, 1000 ºC Accumulated run time > hours

21 DP-1 Plant BLACK LIQUOR OXYGEN AND ATOMIZING MEDIA COOLING WATER SULFUR REMOVAL GAS COOLER WHITE LIQUOR REACTOR RAW GAS QUENCH GREEN LIQUOR CLEAN, COOL SYNTHESIS GAS WEAK WASH CONDENSATE Source: Chemrec 21

22 Fuel (submitted) Analysis of trace components 22

23 Reaktorer: 0.1, 6.6 och 0.1 dm 3, 100 bar och 500 C Aktivt kol H2S rening med ZnO Metanol syntes Tappning av metanol 23

24 Success! 24

25 Thank you and good luck with HIGHBIO II! Let us know if we can assist you as an external partner Magnus Marklund, PhD (Fluid Mechanics) Senior Scientist/Project Leader Mail: Box 726, Piteå, Sweden Office: Mobile: Fax: Web: 25