Challenges and Possibilities Thermal gasification

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1 Challenges and Possibilities Thermal gasification Anna-Karin Jannasch, Energiforsk, February and March 2015 Luleå, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Linköping, Kalmar, Göteborg, Halmstad

2 Examples of visions and goals in different industrial sectors Transportation sector (Fossilfri Fordonstrafik): Fossil free vehicle fleet in 2050 Gas industry (EnergiGas Sverige): 100 % biomethane in gas grid 2050 Biomethane Industrial processes CHP/ Heat Natural gas Vehicle fuel

3 Examples of visions and goals in different industrial sectors Paper industry (DUNI): Fossile free tissue 2020 Food industry (Löfbergs Lila): Climate neutral coffee production 2020 Furniture industry (IKEA): Produce as much renewable energy as they consume in their operations by 2020 Mining and steel industry: Fossile energy depedence

4 Thermal gasification will most probably play a central role for realizing these different visions & goals

5 Thermal gasification and fuel synthesis schematic illustration of the different process steps

6 Different gasification technologies Gasification Indirect Direct Gasification technology CFB & BFB EF CFB/BFB Fixed bed Oxidation medium water vapor air/oxygen air/oxygen air/oxygen Heat value (MJ/Nm 3, LHV) (air blown), 8 14 (oxygen blown) CFB Circulating Fluidised Bed BFB Bubbling Fluidised Bed EF Entrained Flow For biofuel production indirect or direct oxygen blown gasification For heat & power production direct air blown gasification

7 Direct vs. Indirect gasification Source: SGC Rapport 240, J. Held, 2012.

8 Status of biomass gasification For heat and power production commercial plants available For biofuel production larger industrial pilot and demonstration plants available

9 North America Liquid biofuels Main focuses of biomass gasification around the world bio-ethanol FT-liquids Sweden Gas- and Liquid Biofuels Europe bio-sng, bio-dme, bio-methanol Small-scale Combined Heat and Power (gas) Liquid biofuels FT-liquids methanol Asia Entirely focused on small-scale Combined Heat and Power

10 Some information about the largest industrial productions plants and projects in Sweden

11 GoBiGas the world s largest demonstration plant for biomethane production GoBiGas = Gothenburg Biomass Gasification project Purpose: Shall in a commercial scale demonstrate the possibilities of gasifaction to produce renewable and CO 2 -neutral biomethane Project owner: Göteborg Energi AB

12 GoBiGas- a step-by-step development Chalmers lab-reactor Chalmers 2-4 MW Pilot plant GoBiGas Phase 1 20 MW biogas Demo plant R&D GoBiGas Phase MW biogas Commercial demoplant Source: GoBiGas/Göteborg Energi

13 GoBiGas Facts in short Facts -1 st Swedish plant to inject biomethane into the national transmission gas grid (30 bars) - Polygeneration (vehicle fuel, process industry, electricity and heat) - Forest residues as feed stock (initially wood pellets) - Commercial scale in 2 phases: Technology - Atmospheric Indirect gasification (Repotec, AUT & Valmet, FI) - Gas cleaning and methanation, (Haldor Topsoe, DK) - Overall performance goals - Biomass to biomethane % - Energy efficiency > 90 % 1) 20 MW bio-sng (160 GWh/yr) + heat demonstration plant. Cost: 160 M (24 M supported by the Swedish Energy Agency) 2) MW bio-sng ( GWh/yr) + heat commercial plant. Cost: 325 M, awarded for NER300 support (59 M available) Status - In commissioning since Nov Gas injection into the grid since 15th Dec Decision for initiliazing phase 2 will be taken when phase 1 is proven succesful and conditions for acceptable revenues can be met Source: Ingemar Gunnarsson, Göteborg Energi AB

14 Bio2G A reference plant in Sweden for production of bio-sng by thermal gasification Facts - Production capacity 200 MW bio-sng (1,6 TWh/yr) + heat & electricity - Forest residues as feed stock - To be located in Malmö/Landskrona - Project owner: E.ON - Investment cost: 450 M, Awarded for NER300 support (203 M available) Technology - Pressurized O 2 -blown gasification (Andritz, FI) - Gas cleaning and methanation, (Haldor Topsoe, DK) Project is awaiting decision on the long-term policy instruments for biofuels Source: Björn Möller-Fredriksson, E.ON Gasification AB

15 VärmlandsMetanol a pioneer project for commercial production of bio-methanol Facts Technology - Production capacity 74 MW bio-methanol ( ton/yr) + heat & electricity - Forest residues as feed stock - To be located in Hagfors (Värmland) - Project owner: Värmlandsmetanol AB, Uhde, LRF, Hagfors municipality et al - Investment cost: 380 M (about 8,5 M has so far been invested, no subsidies) - High Temperature Winkler (HTW) gasification followed by gas cleanup and methanol synthesis (Thyssenkrupp Uhde EPCcontractor) Project is awaiting decision on the long-term policy instruments for biofuels. The plant will be ready for start up 36 months from the day the capital is secured. Source: B. Gilberg, VärmlandsMetanol AB

16 LTU Green Fuels Facts - Pilot plant for black liquor gasification in operation since Located in Piteå (next to the Smurfit Kappa Kraftliner mill) - Production capacity: 2 MW (syngas / DME 4 t /day) - The bio-dme was successfully demonstrated as heavy duty fuel by extended Volvo field tests Co-gasification of black liquor & pyrolysis bio-oil under investigation during in new R&D project owned by LTU in partnership with Chemrec and Haldor Topsoe (total budget: 160 MSEK). Technology - Oxygen blown pressurized entrained flow gasification (Chemrec technology) - Gas clean-up and DME synthesis (Haldor Topsoe)

17 Platforms for on-going R&D in Sweden Samverkansprogram Energigasteknik - A national Swedish joint frame program together with the Swedish Energy Agency - Program period & budget: , 80 MSEK For more info: Energigasteknik/ f3 centre - National knowledge centre for renewable transportation fuels - System oriented R&D - Financed jointly by the centre partners, the Swedish Energy Agency and the region of Västra Götaland - Program period and budget: , 44 MSEK Swedish Gasification Centre (SFC) - Start-up Partners: 9 universities, 2 institutes and 26 companies. - Competence centre funded by the industry, the academia and the Swedish Energy Agency. - Three host universities (LuTH, Chalmers, KTH), where LuTH is the head of the centre. - R&D conducted at 3 nodes focused on 3 different gasification technologies (Indirect, Entrained Flow, Direct Fluidised Bed). - Total budget 540 MSEK (10 years) For more info: For more info:

18 WORK IN PROGRESS GASIFICATION & FUEL SYNTHESIS

19 GASIFICATION To increase the fuel flexibility to ensure biomass availability and price. To develop profitable gasification technologies for different scales. To optimize the fuel conversion: Increase the understanding of the kinetics of char gasification Optimize the heat transfer & the fluid dynamics Increase the understanding and optimize the performance of the bed material Ash related issues

20 GAS CLEAN-UP AND FUEL SYNTHESIS To develop energy- and cost efficient gas clean-up, incl.: high temperature particle filters tar removal/reformation sulphur, chlorine and unsaturated hydrocarbon removal carbon dioxide removal To develop energy- and cost efficient water gas shift and methanation and/or other fuel synthesis steps. R&Dwork mainly focused on scaleability and optimisation of process integration.

21 SYSTEM & PROCESS OPTIMIZATION To develop analysis techniques for reliable and rapid (online) measurements of gas composition, alkali, tars e t c To gain and learn from operation experience in industrial scale To find optimal localisation for biofuel plants - biomass availability, logistics, synergies with other industries e t c To investigate the suitability for different industrial sectors - specification of requirements, choice of technical concept, economics e t c

22 ALTERNATIVE MEANS FOR GREEN (Power-to-Gas) To develop efficient synthesis routes for green gas from waste products via selective hydration GAS PRODUCTION

23 Selective hydration vs. thermal gasification HO - 2 H 2 O C H H 2 H 3 C + H 2 O OH - H 2 O HO OH H 3 C CH 3 H 2 CO + H 2 Kolvätemix HO OH OH HO HO OH n

24 On-going projects within Samverkansprogram Energigasteknik GASIFICATION Char conversion in indirect gasification in fluidised beds Ash transformations during dual fluidised bed gasification Catalytic conversion of pyrolysis gas in the WoodRoll process for enhanced process reliability Choice of appropriate additives and development of activation procedure for olivine New instruments for online measurement of alkali and tars during gasification of biomass

25 On-going projects within Samverkansprogram Energigasteknik SYSTEM & PROCESS OPTIMIZATION Development of a methodology for measurements at the GoBiGas gasifier Gasification adjacent to existing forest industry - A value study of fuel handling and logistics Fossil-free tissue drying - feasibility study ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION METHODS FOR BIOFUELS LPG from waste products

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