M.Sc. Matti Kivelä Power Plant Manager R&D Lahti Energia Oy P.O. Box 93 FIN Lahti Finland Tel matti.kivela@lahtienergia.

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1 LAHTI ENERGIA OY M.Sc. Matti Kivelä Power Plant Manager R&D Lahti Energia Oy P.O. Box 93 FIN Lahti Finland Tel matti.kivela@lahtienergia.fi Contact

2 LAHTI ENERGIA OY Founded (Privat company ) Turnover milj. Personnel Electricity Energy GWh Electricity Transfer GWh District heating GWh Steam GWh Natural gas GWh Customer kpl - Electricity kpl - District Heating kpl - Natural Gas kpl - Steam 9 8 kpl - Disctrict Cooling 1 1 kpl

3 FUELS 2005 OF LAHTI ENERGIA OY Wood 13,0 % REF 4,7 % Other 0,5 % Oil 0,8 % Coal 49,5 % Natural Gas 31,6 %

4 Power Station Kymijärvi

5 FLOW DIAGRAM OF POWER STATION FUEL TO PROCESS 60 MW Gasifier Steam Boiler Steam Turbine POWER 130 MW 300 MW 140 MW DISTRICT HEATING 250 MW POWER 45 MW Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Boiler Cooling water POWER IN CONDENSING MODE 200 MW

6 DESCRIPTION OF GASIFIER FUELS Wood: -Bark -Saw dust -Wood chips -Forest residue MWh Contaminated wood: -Cuttings and plywood -Grinding dust -Demolition wood -Railway sleepers e.t.s MWh Peat (reserve fuel) MWh REF (recycled fuel) MWh Tyres, shredded plastic,e.t.c MWh Total in casifier MWh Total fuel input in main boiler MWh Substitution of fossil fuels Coal t (or as Natural gas 40 milj.m 3 ) Annual operational time of casifier 7000 h

7 BIOMASS/WASTE GASIFICATION - COAL BOILER 360 MW 540 C/170 bar Biomass Waste 350 GWh/a -15 % fuel input Processing 60 MW Pulverized coal flames Power * 600 GWh/a District Heat * 1000 GWh/a Gasifier Gas flame Bottom ash Coal Natural Gas 1850 GWh/a -80 % 100 GWh/a -5 % Fly ash

8 CFB BIOMASS GASIFIER MW/th

9 Product Gas Main Components Wood Fuel Range (%-dry) Average (%-wet) CO CO H C x H y N H 2 O Heating value appr MJ/kg (max 4.5 MJ/kg)

10 FUEL HANDLING LAY OUT Intermediate Storage Screw Reclaimer Chain Conveyor to gasifier Bio fuel Reception Screening Station Electrification and Automation REF Reception

11 FUEL HANDLING GROSS-SECTION Stacking Conveyor Chain Conveyor Magnetic Separation Screening Final Shredding Screw Reclaimer Belt Conveyor

12 Gasifier Effect to Main Boiler Emissions CO 2 Decrease by t/a 10 % NO x Decrease by 30 mg/m 3 n 5 % SO 2 Decrease by mg/m 3 n 10 % Particulates Decrease by 15 mg/m 3 n 30% CO No change Dioxins, etc. No change Heavy metals Increase in some elements, base level low HCl Increase by mg/m 3 n, base level low

13 EMISSION RAPORT Component Referens Meas. Meas. Meas. Meas. Meas % O2 µg/m³n µg/m³n µg/m³n µg/m³n µg/m³n µg/m³n Hg 0,4 0,9 0,7 < 0,2 0,01 0,06 Cd 1,1 0,9 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 Tl < 0,6 <0,05 <0,2 Cd+ Tl 1,1 0,9 0,1 0,7 0,1 0,44 Ni 5,8 10,6 2 1,6 1,8 3,2 As 2,9 7,7 1,4 1,4 1,5 1,5 Cu 6,2 12,3 2,8 2,1 6,5 7,1 Co 0,6 0,2 0,5 0,7 Pb 6,7 8,4 * 2,8 4,8 5,4 Cr 5,9 9,8 2,8 3,8 7 3,8 Sb 0,3 0,7 1,8 3,8 Mn 15 2,3 6,8 7,1 V 3,5 1,8 2,8 3,8 Sn 0,6 0,7 1,2 1,2 Zn 23,6 41, ,3 24,5 21,9 Sb+As+Pb+Cr+Co+Cu+Mn+Ni+V 27,5 48,8 28,4 16,7 59,2 36,4 HCl 0, HF ,3 0,6 1,9 Particulates PCDD/F (ng/m³n I-TEQ) 0,009 0,0007 < 0,001 0,14 < 0,01

14 Ashes Leachability tests performed for main boiler filter ash and gasifier bottom ash Trace metal leachabilities low Gasifier bottom ash dumped Main boiler filter ash used on construction works (roads, etc.) Authorities permission required case by case

15 GASIFIER FUELS ENERGY 100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0 % GWh 342 GWh 295 GWh 445 GWh 407 GWh 415 GWh 427 GWh 297 GWh YEAR Other Peat Paper Plastic REF Wood w. glue Wood GASIFIER FUELS

16 ALTERNATIVES FOR FUTURE Due to interpretation of WI-directive it is nessessery to do someting:(dead line ) continue with clean wood only cleaning of product gas before boiler and have acceptance for it new Power Plant for waste

17 LLV Sivuvirtalaitteisto Virtauskaavio Gas cleaning Pilot Lisäaineen syöttö (tuhka) N2 N2 Lisäaineen syöttö (Ca(OH)2) N2 Inertisointi N2 Tuuletus / paineenpoisto ulos Suodin Inertisointi N2 N2 N2 TUOTEKAASUKANAVA Höyry Vesiquench Kaasunjäähdytin Suodintuhkan palautus kaasuvirtaan. N2 N2 Inertisointi Höyry

18 Waste Incineration Plant Gasifier Cooling, Cleaning Boiler Sorbent Injection Flue Gas Cleaning Stack Fuel 160 MW Districtheating 95 MW Steam Turbine Generator Power 43 MW

19 Lay out

20 CONCLUSIONS This concept offers efficient way to utilize biofuels and recycled refuse fuels utilization of the existing power plant capacity. Only small modifications in the main boiler Low investment and operation costs Low personal cost High efficiency Reduction of CO 2 -emission (10-15 %) Possible disturbances in the gasifier do not shut down the whole power plant.

21 Gasifier Building

22 REF Reception

23 REF

24 Wood

25 Mixed fuel

26 To Gasifier