Uusiutuvat polttoaineet jäte- ja tähdevirroista. Teknologiajohtaja Lars Peter Lindfors, Neste Oil

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1 Uusiutuvat polttoaineet jäte- ja tähdevirroista Teknologiajohtaja Lars Peter Lindfors, Neste Oil

2 Neste Oil in brief A refining and marketing company focused on premium-quality traffic fuels Refining capacity: 15 million t/a of petroleum products and 2 million t/a of renewable diesel Net sales: 17.5 billion (2013) Operations in 15 countries; employs approx. 5,000 people Listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange Largest owner: Finnish State (50.1%) 2

3 Being innovative drives our leadership position 1,000 professionals in R&D and engineering Co-operation with large number of leading universities, institutes and companies Creating unique technological innovations Expanding raw material base Several new products since

universities, institutes and companies Creating unique technological

4 Cleaner products along the way City-gasoline: lead-free, with MTBE as an important component Neste Alfa lubricants Futura brand: gasoline that keeps engines clean Lead-free Futura 95E, replacing 92-octane gasoline Futura Citydiesel: end of sales for the low-aromatic and nearly sulfur-free gasoline City Futura, with an oxygen-containing MTBE component synthetic PAO New Futura: less sulfur than ever before VHVI base oils Sulfur-free gasolines and diesel fuels New Futura gasoline market launch NExBTL diesel from renewable materials Neste Green diesel Neste Green 100 diesel NExBTL renewable aviation fuel Neste Pro Diesel 4

City Futura, with an oxygen-containing MTBE component synthetic PAO New Futura: less sulfur than ever before VHVI base oils Sulfur-free gasolines and diesel

5 So far we have consumed over 1,000 billion barrels of oil, but there is plenty of it left 5

6 Road transportation dominating total oil demand also in coming decades fuel economy improving significantly Oil demand in road transportation Mbpd 70 OECD Non-OECD OECD Non-OECD Biofuels Other* Heavy duty fleets, aviation and city traffic have limited ways to increase renewable share advanced biofuels, e.g. NEXBTL, are a viable option Hybrid cars increase rapidly after 2020 (representing ~10 % of fleet in 2030) Increased number of vehicles Reduced average usage Improved vehicle efficiency Increased use of alternatives 2030 Electric / natural gas vehicles expected to remain marginal due to cost and functionality considerations * Including GTL, CTL, LNG and electricity Source: ExxonMobil, The Outlook for Energy 2012; BP, Energy Outlook

NEXBTL, are a viable option 30 20 Hybrid cars increase rapidly after 2020 (representing ~10 % of fleet in 2030) 10 0 2010 Increased number of vehicles Reduced average usage Improved vehicle

7 GHG emissions from well-to-wheel strongly dependent on feedstock and technology Well-to-wheel gco 2eq /km gasoline E10 E85 Diesel B7 dieselhybrid renewable diesel (NEXBTL) electric car (EU-average electricity) Source: JEC, 2014

150 gasoline E10 E85 Diesel B7 dieselhybrid renewable

8 The drivers for biofuels To combat climate change and reduce emissions To reduce society s dependency on crude oil and imports To safeguard energy security 8

9 The growth estimate Bio/renewable diesel demand, million tons % p.a Asia-Pacific Latin America North America Europe Source: Neste Oil estimates 9

a 26 27 4 4 5 5 39 5 6 8 5 5 20 12 13 2014 2015 2020

10 Neste Oil The leading producer of renewable diesel in the world Since 2007, the renewable business has grown from 0 in earnings and revenue to earnings of 273 m and revenues of 2,5 bn in 2013 Customers are choosing NEXBTL due to its superior quality and flexibility using it as drop in fuel Strong market position in several European countries and in North America 4.8 million tons avoided GHG emissions Fuelling 2.6 million cars with renewable fuel 10

due to its superior quality and flexibility using it as drop in fuel Strong market position in several European

11 NEXBTL renewable fuels fully compatible with fossil diesel Biodiesel (FAME / RME) Fossil diesel Renewable diesel (HVO) e.g. NEXBTL Fischer-Tropsch (BTL) Raw material Vegetable oils & animal fats (mainly rapeseed oil) Crude oil (mineral oil) Flexible mix of raw materials (vegetable oils & waste fats) Biomass Technology Esterification Traditional refining Hydrotreating Gasification & Fischer-Tropsch End product Ester-based, conventional biodiesel Hydrocarbon (gasoline, jet fuel, diesel) Bio-based hydrocarbon (renewable diesel, jet fuel, bionaphta, biopropane) Bio-based hydrocarbon (renewable gasoline, jet fuel, diesel) Chemical composition O II H 3 C-O-C-R C n H 2n+2 + aromatics C n H 2n+2 C n H 2n+2 FAME = Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, conventional biodiesel HVO = Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, advanced biofuel i.e. renewable fuel RME = Rapeseed Methyl Ester, conventional biodiesel BTL = Biomass to Liquid 11

Esterification Traditional refining Hydrotreating Gasification & Fischer-Tropsch End product Ester-based, conventional biodiesel Hydrocarbon (gasoline, jet fuel, diesel) Bio-based hydrocarbon

12 Range of renewable raw materials used commercially is growing aste animal fat from the food processing industry Waste fat from the fish processing industry Vegetable oil residues (stearin, PFAD and spent bleaching oil) Technical corn oil Used cooking oil Tall oil pitch Crude palm oil Camelina oil Jatropha oil Soybean oil Rapeseed oil Next generation feedstock to include waste streams from forestry and agricultural activities, as well as algae oil 12

Technical corn oil Used cooking oil Tall oil pitch Crude palm oil Camelina oil Jatropha oil Soybean oil Rapeseed

13 More than half of the renewable feedstock used by Neste Oil is waste/residue based Neste Oil renewable feedstock split, 2013 H2/2014 waste/residue based feedstock: 66 % 52 % 48 % Waste/residue Vegetable oils

feedstock: 66 % 52 % 48 % Waste/residue Vegetable oils 1 400 000 1 200 000 1

Development/committment is required to increase the usage of waste/residue streams Several challenges Availability, small local volumes, varying quality level, lack of logistic solutions

14 Development/committment is required to increase the usage of waste/residue streams Several challenges Availability, small local volumes, varying quality level, lack of logistic solutions Technology Flexible production technologies Pretreatment solutions Global procurement network Logistics Qualit assurance and segregation Sustainability Partnerships Commercial concepts Co-operation 14

Technology Flexible production technologies Pretreatment solutions Global procurement network

based feedstock (PJ/a) The accessability of the waste/residue feedstock in the

15 Waste/residue streams are crucial for next generation applications Global energy consumption / Transport sector: PJ/a Availability of some waste/residue based feedstock (PJ/a) The accessability of the waste/residue feedstock in the table corresponds to 1/3 of global energy consumption in the transportation sector 15

16 Finnish forests are not able to supply the transportation fuel needs in Finland at present Oil product demand in Finland (2014) vs. theoretical maximum of wood based fuel availability (Mt/a) Fuel from wood Diesel/Gasoil Gasoline Jet Max. wood availability 0,7 1,5 2,0 4,3 ~ 35 Mt dry wood grows in Finland annually Currently 70% of Finland s annual wood growth is already in use If all the rest wood (30%) would be used for fuel, the amount would be ~ 10 Mt With 20% mass conversion, the corresponding theoretical maximum fuel volume is ~ 2 Mt/a, i.e. 30% of the demand Sources: Metla, Wood Mackenzie Conversion from cubic meters to dry t: 0,35

wood availability 0,7 1,5 2,0 4,3 ~ 35 Mt dry wood grows in Finland annually Currently 70% of Finland s annual wood growth is already in use If all the rest

17 Technologies from wood to biofuels is still on the development stage Feedstock Fractionation & hydrolysis Sugar Fermentation Microbial oil Fermentation Hydrotreatment Product Renewable diesel Cellulosic ethanol/ butanol Woody biomass Pyrolysis (fast/ catalytic/hydrous) Biocrude Upgrading Biofuels Fischer-Tropsch BtL biofuels Gasification Syngas Catalytic conversion Fermentation Methanol, other alcohols Dehydration Ethanol Gasoline components BioDME Fermentation (Wood Sugar Fuel) St1 is planning a demo plant to Kajaani No wood based commercial plants running or under construction Pyrolysis (Wood Biocrude) KiOR has build the first pyrolytic plant with upgrading, they ran out of money and cannot restart There are biocrude facilities without upgrading, eg. Fortum Gasification (Wood Syngas Fuel) Projects of UPM and Vapo are cancelled or on hold INEOS Bio (fermentation to ethanol) has opened a demo plant in U.S. No other gasification based wood-to-biofuels commercial plants running or under construction 17

other alcohols Dehydration Ethanol Gasoline components BioDME Fermentation (Wood Sugar Fuel) St1 is planning a demo plant to Kajaani No wood based commercial plants running or under construction

18 Global advanced biofuel capacities today Mt/a Renewable diesel (e.g. NEXBTL) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Cellulosic ethanol Biomethanol Neste Oil Others Catalytic pyrolysis Syngas fermentation Woody feedstock Advanced biofuels exclude traditional bioethanol and biodiesel Capacities include commercial and commercial reference plants 18

Catalytic pyrolysis Syngas fermentation Woody feedstock Advanced biofuels exclude

19 Global biofuels investment have a decreasing trend Global investment in biofuels by region $bn Most of the biofuel investments have taken place in the Americas where light-duty fleets use mainly gasoline instead of diesel

biofuel investments have taken place in the Americas

20 Summary Alternative energy solutions for traffic are emerging slowly Continuing dominance for ICE (internal combustion engine) based technologies is forecasted, implying very extensive use of renewable biofuels in traffic Long term novel feedstock solutions are far away A broad range of globally available feedstock is needed New conversion technologies have challenges to meet commercialization Existing second generation technologies, such as NEXBTL, are proven enablers for fulfilling the biomandate EU Biofuels policy should Keep ambitious biofuel targets (volume / quality) and maintain technology neutrality Not allow protectionism to gain ground Accept that feedstock are global just like oil is Neste Oil provides a strategic agenda striving for renewal -> Significant volumes of NExBTL renewable diesel and biojet -> Renewable fuel for lowering GHG and urban air emissions -> Continuously broadened flexible mix of sustainable feedstock and technologies 20

commercialization Existing second generation technologies, such as NEXBTL, are proven enablers for fulfilling the biomandate EU Biofuels policy should Keep ambitious biofuel targets (volume /

21 Increasing use of biofuels and waste/residue based feedstock an opportunity for Finland Knowhow Globally active companies in relevant fields Strong research and educational position in crucial areas Development of competitive solutions for reducing GHG emissions In transportation, energy production and chemical sectors Feedstock sources Opportunity to increase the amount of domestic rawmaterials 21

22 Kiitos.

Renewable energy in transport

Renewable energy in transport Source: http://worldwideed.staradvertiserblogs.com/2009/11/23/fun-day-monday-free-transport-from-naia-airport World transport energy use is growing rapidly Source: IEA Energy