Biomass-to an overview

Transcription

1 Biomass-to to-liquids(btl) ) fuels - an overview Dr. Andreas Schütte Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. 4. BtL-Congress 1./2. December 2010 Berlin

2 Agency for Renewable Ressources FNR: Task: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe Central coordinating agency for renewable biological resources on behalf of BMELV Founded: October 1993 Location: Gülzow/Bützow, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Employees: 64 Legal status: Registered association (70 members) 2

3 Tasks of the FNR Research promotion Information / Advice Publich relations EU-Activities 3

4 Biofuels in Germany 2009: Consumption : ca. 51,6 Mill. Tons Biofuels: 5,5 % (energetic) Development of Biofuels in Germany Source: BAFA / FNR 4

5 Energy Concept of the German Federal Government The new Energy Concept of the German Federal Government was confirmed on September 28th, 2010 Besides prolonging the utilisation of nuclear energy the Energy Concepts frames ambitious targets for the future German energy systems: Decrease of Germany s primary energy consumption from today ,5 PJ to about PJ in 2050 Increase of share of renewable energies from PJ today to about PJ in 2050 Increase of energy production from biomass from 888 PJ today to about PJ in 2050 Fuels for road transport should mainly be biofuels Source: Energieszenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung, August

6 Targets for Biofuels According to the Energy Concept of the German Federal Government PJ Reference Scenario I A Year Energy Concept: Energy consumption from biofuels is to be quadrupled till 2050 business as usual : Energy consumption from biofuels has to be doubled till 2050 Source: Energieszenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung, August

7 Recent Developments in the EU EU Directive 2009/28/EC (RED) renewable energies and on sustainability criteria for bioenergy and related legal acts of the EU Member States Certification of biomass for energetic utilisation according to the RED directive ISCC systems first recognized certification system European Industrial Bioenergy Initiative (EIBI) within the framework of the SET Plan for decarbonisation of energy production Presentation of the EIBI implementation plan on the SET Plan conference on November, 15 th /16 th,

8 Work in Progress Main challenges for biofuels: Production of biofuels has to be vastly increased in the next decade (see Energy Concept targets) Biomass production have to be sustainable, also the technical processes must contribute to GHG emission reduction Biofuels production must be highly efficient as raw materials are limited and could be used differently (electricity, heat) Biofuels are to cover a wider range of specifications, i.e. marine and aviation fuels These boundary conditions are demanding further action: Perpetual R&D&D along the entire value chain based on the utilisation of whole plants is necessary Public funding of key developments as stimulus for future process deployments 8

9 Biofuel Options Biofuels available on market Vegetable oils Biodiesel (rape seed) Bioethanol (starch, sugar) Biofuels not on market Synthetic Biofuels (e.g. BtL, MtS) Bioethanol (lignocellulose) New biofuels, e.g. Biodiesel from animal fat, jatropha, algae Biobutanol Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO) Biomethane 9

10 General Design of BtL-Process Issues due to the utilisation of biomass: Small energy density of solid biofuel Heterogeneous material High ash/contraries content General lack of hydrogen classic synthesis technology available (like for GtL and CtL) New synthesis pathways via DME/MeOH under development 10

11 Advantages BtL-Fuels + Nearly every biomass for griculture and forestry could be used as biofuels, resulting in a much broader raw material base + BtL-fuels could comply to existing standards DIN EN 228 und DIN EN 590 for transportation fuels + BtL-fuels could be adapted to new combustion engine processes + Existing distribution infrastructure could be used 11

12 Disadvantages BtL-Fuels BtL-processes are highly complex and are difficult to adapt to decentralised processing pathways Energy efficiency has to be enhanced (Goal: >> 40%) High investment costs (probably > 800 Mio. /Plant) for new plants general lack of hydrogen in biomass could hamper overall efficiency of hydrocarbon production 12

13 Activities in Germany in the Field of BtL SunDiesel /Carbo-V -Process of Choren Industries GmbH, Freiberg/Sachsen Three-stage-gasifier with modified Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese (modified Shell SMDS-Process) CUTEC-Institut GmbH, Clausthal-Zellefeld Stationary fluidized bed gasification with Fischer-Tropsch-synthesis (ABSART-project) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) bioliq -process: Slurry production from straw or other herbaceous biomass and entrained flow gasification, hydrocarbon synthesis via DME 13

14 Advanced Activities in Germany Choren s Beta plant at Freiberg/Saxony 1 st stage bioliq-process Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Source: Choren Industries GmbH Source: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) 14

15 Known European Activties 1. Chemrec AB, Pitea, Sweden: DME from black liquor (pulp and paper production residue) Commissioned in October 2010, Output about t/a 2. NES Biofuels Oy, Varkaus, Finland (Neste Oil and Stora-Enso joint venture): Fischer-Tropsch-Liquids from forest residues Commissioned in 2009, Output about 660 t/a 3. Vienna University of Technology, Güssing, Austria: Fischer-Tropsch-Liquids form syngas produced from wood Commissioned in 2005, output several tons Source: IEA, Task 39 15

16 Development is Still Needed Pre-treatment of biofuels for high pressure gasification (up to ~ 100 bar) Gas treatment Synthesis Hot gas cleaning Reclamation of nutrients for agriculture/forestry Enhancement of efficiency Versatile process for both gasoline and diesel production Pathway for the production of compounds other than hydrocarbons 16

17 Closed Loop Economy CO 2 Agriculture & Forestry Biomass - Phosphorus - Nitrogen - Sulphur - Conversion 17

18 Time Scale for Process Development Funding of the KIT bioliq process as an example for a development timeline Grant for stage 1 pyrolysis 8 yrs Grant for stage 2 gasification Grant for stages 3/4 gas cleaning/synthesis 2011 Mechanical completion and commissioning 2013 Pilot production of biofuel The development of new technologies needs stamina Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. 4. BtL-Congress 1./2. December 2010 Berlin 18

19 Summary For transport, BtL and related biofuels are an important option to reduce GHG emissions and dependency from fossil fuels Until 2020 the main contributions for biofuels in Germany and in Europe are expected to come from biodiesel and from bioethanol EU targets and targets of the national Energy Concept are ambitious and need further actions: Pilots and demonstration plants for fuels from lignocellulosic biomass and residues Developing effective cultivation and conversion methods Sustainability has to be addressed throughout the value chain and especially within agriculture and/or forestry Political and societal support for biofuels will depend on proof of sustainability Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. 4. BtL-Congress 1./2. December 2010 Berlin 19

20 Thank you for your Attention! Dr.-Ing. Andreas Schütte Tel: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. OT Gülzow Hofplatz 1 D Gülzow-Prüzen Tel: , Fax: info@fnr.de Web: Further information: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. 4. BtL-Congress 1./2. December 2010 Berlin 20