Handling of Unusual & Emergency Situations. Controller and Pilot Guidelines IVAOPT. Bruno Miguel Morais Faustino LPPO-CH

Transcription

1 Handling f Unusual & Emergency Situatins Cntrller and Pilt Guidelines IVAOPT Brun Miguel Mrais Faustin LPPO-CH

2 IVAO PT Cntents Acrnyms and Mnemnics; RISC; TAS; SSSS; QRTS; ATIS; ASSA; ASSIST; Checklists; General; Specific Situatins; Acrnyms and Mnemnics There are sme frms f simple sets f rules t be adhered by cntrllers/pilts in case f an emergency situatin. The use f abbreviatins is cmmn in the ATC wrld and it seems lgical, therefre, t suggest a few relevant pssibilities: 1. RISC Recgnize that there is a prblem Identify the relevant aircraft and arrange fr special cde Squawk Separate - Give the pilts airspace in which t perate and give them time Cmmunicate with adjacent sectrs/clleagues/supervisrs as apprpriate 2. TAS Time - Give the pilt time t srt ut the immediate prblem n receipt f first ntificatin that there is a difficulty Airspace - Give the pilt freedm f the adjacent airspace - get ther aircraft ut f the way, and ff the frequency Silence - The cntrller shuld clear the frequency and nt raise mre questins than are necessary 3. SSSS Squawk - Acknwledge the call; make sure the crrect squawk is prduced Silence - Keep the Raditelephny (RTF) t as lw a level as pssible where pssible assign a single frequency t the incident Separate - Prvide apprpriate and adequate airspace fr the pilt t execute any essential maneuvers Shut - Ask fr assistance frm the ATC supervisr and/r clleagues r any adjacent ATC facilities 4. QRST Quiet - Keep the frequency clear Recgnize that there is a prblem when the message is received Separate - Prvide airspace Time - Give the pilt time t wrk n it

3 IVAO PT 5. ATIS Annuncing and acknwledging the emergency r prblem, getting the pilt t make the apprpriate squawk Taq - Giving the pilt time, airspace and quiet Infrmatin exchange pilt/cntrller and cntrller/cntrller Slving the prblem as a team cntrller/cntrller and cntrller/pilt 6. ASSA Acknwledging the emergency r prblem, getting the pilt t make the apprpriate squawk Separate the traffic and supprt the pilt in s far as is pssible Silence - Keep the RTF t a minimum; give the pilt time t think Advise supervisr and apprpriate clleagues n ther sectrs 7. ASSIST Acknwledge the call; get the squawk Separate the aircraft frm ther traffic. Give it rm t maneuver Silence - n the frequency. Prvide separate frequency where pssible -this prevents unnecessary clutter fr the pilts Infrm thse wh need t knw and thse wh can help; infrm thers as apprpriate Supprt the pilts in any way pssible - Start t think f alternative rutings, etc. Time - Give the pilts time t cllect their thughts, dn t harass them fr infrmatin. Time prduces gd decisins Checklists A S S I S T ACKNOWLEDGE Make sure yu understand the nature f the emergency and acknwledge accrding t it SEPARATE Establish separatin traffic-traffic and traffic-terrain. SILENCE Impse silence n yur cntrl frequency if necessary. Dn't bther the cckpit with cmms. INFORM Infrm adjancent ATC psitins f the emergency. Crdinate with ther Pstins if necessary SUPPORT Supprt the pilt and crew with usefull infrmatin. TIME Give sufficient time t allw pilts t wrk freely n their prblem.

4 IVAO PT ACAS/TCAS Climb/descent withut prir warning; Tw r mre aircraft invlved; Tw aircraft invlved in lss f separatin; N emergency squawk; Pilts phraselgy: TCAS climb r TCAS descent; Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time When a pilt reprts a maneuver induced by a Reslutin Advisry: The cntrller shall nt attempt t mdify the aircraft flight path The cntrller shall prvide traffic infrmatin as apprpriate Pilts are very busy at that mment TCASII altitude data is way mre accurate than radar altitude reprt. Once an aircraft departs frm its clearance in cmpliance with a RA, the cntrller ceases t be respnsible fr prviding separatin between that aircraft and any ther aircraft affected as a direct cnsequence f the maneuver induced by the RA. The cntrller shall resume respnsibility fr prviding separatin fr all the affected aircraft when: 1. The cntrller acknwledges a reprt frm the flight crew that the aircraft has resumed the current clearance OR 2. The cntrller acknwledges a reprt frm the flight crew that the aircraft is resuming the current clearance and issues an alternative clearance which is acknwledged by the flight crew. Fllwing an RA event, r ther significant ACAS event, pilts and cntrllers shuld cmplete an air traffic incident reprt.

5 Bird Strike Brken Windshield / Canpy Engine Failure (multi-engine) Engine Failure (single engine) Hydraulic Prblems Precautinary Apprach Handling Difficulties Electrical Prblems Gear Prblems ACTIONS: Abandned take-ff Immediate return t aerdrme Landing next suitable aerdrme Restricted visibility Hydraulic prblems IVAO PT Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Is pilt able t cntrl ACFT? Allw lng final if requested Check RWY (if birdstrike after take-ff) If needed, infrm pilt abut: Aerdrme details as sn as pssible

6 IVAO PT Bmb Warning (NOT SIMULATED AT IVAO) Aircraft may stp climb Request fr immediate level re-clearance Landing next suitable aerdrme Aircraft early in landing cnfiguratin RWY in use, length, surface, elevatin, ILS- and NAV-frequencies Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Clear airspace in the immediate vicinity Ask fr flying time needed Evacuatin after landing Additinal stairs required Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear Arrange parking away frm buildings/ther aircraft If needed, infrm pilt abut: Aerdrme details as sn as pssible Brake Prblems Pilts request lngest RWY Overrunning RWY threshld at far end Burst tire Aircraft may swerve ff RWY RWY blcked after landing Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Infrm pilt abut RWY length / cnditin Keep safety strip clear Twing equipment n stand-by as apprpriate

7 Cmmunicatin Failure IVAO PT VMC Squawk 7600 Cntinue in VMC Land at nearest suitable aerdrme Reprt arrival by the mst expeditius means t the apprpriate ATS unit IMC Squawk 7600 Maintain last assigned speed and level fr 7mins OR minimum flight altitude, if the minimum flight altitude is higher than the last assigned level The 7-minute perid cmmences: N cmpulsry reprting pints OR psitin reprts mitted: at the time the last assigned level r minimum flight altitude is reached, OR at the time f squawk 7600, whichever is LATER, OR Cmpulsry reprting pints AND psitin reprts nt mitted: at the time the last assigned level r minimum flight altitude is reached, OR at the previusly reprted pilt estimate fr the cmpulsry reprting pint, OR at the time f a failed reprt ver a cmpulsry reprting pint, whichever is LATER Thereafter, cmply with the filed flight plan If being radar vectred, r prceeding ffset accrding t RNAV withut a specified limit, prceed in the mst direct manner pssible t rejin the CPL n later than the next significant pint, taking int cnsideratin the applicable min. flight altitude The ACFT will prceed t the designated navigatinal aid serving the destinatin aerdrme and hld until cmmencement f descent Cmmence descent at, r as clse as pssible t, the EAT last received and acknwledged, OR if n EAT received and acknwledged, cmmence descent at, r as clse as pssible t, the ETA resulting frm the CPL Cmplete a nrmal instrument apprach prcedure as specified fr the designated navigatin aid Land, if pssible, within 30 minutes after the ETA specified, OR within 30 minutes f the last acknwledged expected apprach time, whichever is later Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Failure f transmitter r receiver nly Pssible relay by ther statins? Try: <callsign> If unable t transmit, squawk IDENT

8 Electrical Prblems IVAO PT Lss f all generatrs (alternatrs) / pwer supply reduced t emergency level/ Battery pwer nly High stress level in the cckpit NAV failure, including cmpass Transpnder switched ff (save energy) Cmmunicatin failure Limited readbacks Level changes t maintain VMC Manual gear extensin Pssible engine failure Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Infrm landing aerdrme If needed, infrm pilt abut: Next suitable aerdrme Aerdrme details as sn as pssible Suitable vectrs and psitin infrmatin Save energy Avid IMC

9 IVAO PT Emergency Descent Descent withut warning N emergency squawk Pr r n RTF (xygen mask) When an aircraft perated as a cntrlled flight experiences sudden decmpressin r a (similar) malfunctin requiring an emergency descent, the aircraft shall, if able: Initiate a turn away frm the assigned rute r track befre cmmencing the emergency descent Advise the apprpriate air traffic cntrl unit as sn as pssible f the emergency descent Set transpnder t Cde 7700 and select the Emergency Mde n ADS/CPDLC system, if applicable Turn n aircraft exterir lights Watch fr cnflicting traffic bth visually and by reference t ACAS (if equipped) Crdinate its further intentins with the apprpriate ACT unit The aircraft shall nt descend belw the lwest published minimum altitude which will prvide a minimum vertical clearance f 300m (1000 ft) r in designated muntainus terrain 600m (2000 ft) abve all bstacles lcated in the area specified. Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Acknwledge emergency n RTF Take all necessary actin t safeguard all aircraft cncerned May be required t suggest a heading May be required t state the minimum altitude Prvide separatin r issue essential traffic infrmatin, as apprpriate Emergency bradcast if necessary After emergency descent, request intentins: Diversin Injuries ACFT damage Cnsider ACFT still t be in an emergency situatin

10 Engine Failure Abandned Take-ff Pressurizatin Prblems Fuel Dumping Precautinary Apprach ACTIONS: Heavy wrklad in the cckpit Deviatin frm SID Intermediate level-ff Descent Curse deviatin Pressurizatin prblems IVAO PT Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Infrm landing aerdrme Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear Offer pilt extended final Twing equipment n stand-by as apprpriate In case f frced landing, recrd last knwn psitin and time If needed, infrm pilt abut: Next suitable aerdrme Alternate aerdrme details as sn as pssible WX infrmatin f landing aerdrme

11 Engine Fire r APU Fire Abandned Take-ff Engine Failure (multi-engine) Engine Failure (single engine) Smke r Fire in the Cckpit Emergency Landing ACTIONS: Heavy wrklad in cckpit Engine shutdwn / fire extinguishing ACFT n the Grund Ht brakes Passenger evacuatin RWY blcked IVAO PT ACFT in the Air Pressurizatin prblems ACFT lsing altitude Landing next suitable aerdrme Pssible diversinary r frced landing (single engine ACFT) Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Ask if dangerus gds n bard Ask fr number f Persns On Bard (POB) Infrm landing aerdrme Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear In case f diversinary r frced landing, recrd last knwn psitin and time If needed, infrm pilt abut: Next suitable aerdrme Aerdrme details as sn as pssible WX infrmatin f landing aerdrme Observed fire and/r smke

12 IVAO PT Fuel Prblems Critical Fuel Status / Lw Fuel Engine Failure (multi-engine) Diversinary r Frced Landing ACTIONS: MAYDAY lw n fuel emergency with imminent danger t ACFT PAN PAN minimum fuel ACFT needs pririty handling Imprper use f phraselgy, verify actual fuel status (lw n..., minimum... r minimum diversin fuel) Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Keep ACFT high (save fuel) Avid ATC-caused GO AROUND Infrm landing aerdrme Ask if dangerus gds n bard Ask fr number f Persns On Bard (POB) Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear Twing equipment n standby as apprpriate If needed, infrm pilt abut: Next suitable aerdrme Aerdrme details as sn as pssible WX infrmatin f landing aerdrme

13 Gear Prblems Need fr External Advice IVAO PT N Gear / Unsafe Gear Indicatin ACTIONS: G Arund Lw pass f twer fr gear inspectin by specialist engineering persnnel Manual gear extensin Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Prepare fr LOW PASS fr visual inspectin Weight reductin necessary Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear Twing equipment n stand-by as apprpriate If needed, infrm pilt abut: Aircraft Cnfiguratin Advice frm cmpany

14 Hydraulic Prblems IVAO PT Cmplete r partial failure f flight cntrls, Gear extensin, brakes, flaps, nse wheel steering Fuel Dumping Gear Prblems Brake Prblems Relatively High Speed Apprach and Landing ACTIONS: Limited maneuverability Limited flap setting Limited bank angle Manual gear extensin, n retractin pssible Hlding pattern fr necessary checks Extended final Higher apprach speed n final (up t 220 Kt IAS n flapless apprach) Limited breaking capability Pssible verrun RWY blcked n landing Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Increase vertical and lateral separatin Ask if dangerus gds n bard Ask fr number f Persns On Bard (POB) Avid ATC-caused GO AROUND Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear Twing equipment n stand-by as apprpriate If needed, infrm pilt abut: Next suitable aerdrme Aerdrme details as sn as pssible WX infrmatin f landing aerdrme Fire r smke frm brakes

15 IVAO PT Icing Immediate change f level and/r heading Limitatin in rate f climb/descent Higher speed Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Enable cntinuus climb after departure Keep safety strip clear AIREP t ther ACFT, ther units and MET If needed, infrm pilt abut: Check anti-icing and de-icing systems Pilt heating Stall warner heating Carburetr heating Prpeller heating / de-icing Wing anti-ice / de-ice Alternate air supply Windshield heating Descent with higher pwer setting t increase bleed air supply Higher apprach/landing speed due t increase f stalling speed

16 Pressurizatin Prblems Emergency Descent ACTIONS: ACFT will stp climb Request fr immediate descent Emergency descent withut warning N emergency squawk Pssible turn ff track Pr RTF (because f xygen mask) Injuries t passengers r crew IVAO PT Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Clear airspace directly beneath the aircraft If needed, infrm pilt abut: Check anti-icing and de-icing systems Pilt heating Stall warner heating Carburetr heating Prpeller heating / de-icing Wing anti-ice / de-ice Alternate air supply Windshield heating Descent with higher pwer setting t increase bleed air supply Higher apprach/landing speed due t increase f stalling speed

17 Smke r Fire in the cckpit/cabin IVAO PT High stress level in the cckpit Shrtest high-speed vectr t land - nearest suitable aerdrme Pr RTF (xygen mask) r lss f RTF Passenger evacuatin RWY blcked Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time Ask if dangerus gds n bard Ask fr number f Persns On Bard (POB) Infrm landing aerdrme Offer ut f wind landing if mre expeditius Clear RWY accrding t lcal instructins Keep safety strip clear APP / RWY lighting system 100% If needed, infrm pilt abut: Track miles t tuchdwn f next suitable aerdrme Availability f autmatic apprach lw visibility prcedure Aerdrme details as sn as pssible WX infrmatin f landing aerdrme

18 IVAO PT Unlawful Interference (NOT SIMULATED AT IVAO) Squawk 7500 Curse / level deviatins N r unusual replies t RTF cmmunicatin N cmpliance with given instructins Acknwledge Separate Silence Infrm Supprt Time D nt initiate any further RTF referring t the hijacking unless cnfirmed by the pilt Cmply with pilt's requests as far as pssible Transmit pertinent infrmatin withut expecting a reply Mnitr all flight maneuvers - give rm fr maneuvers Cllect any necessary infrmatin e.g. destinatin aerdrme, WX situatin at destinatin, ruting, etc. If needed, infrm pilt abut: Cnfirm squawk N reply here shall NOT be taken as an indicatin that the squawk was set by mistake Any infrmatin requested References ICAO Dc 7030 Eur Regin ICAO Annex 10 Vlume II Chapter 5 Sectin CAP745: Aircraft Emergencies - Cnsideratins fr Air Traffic Cntrllers