Welcome to Human Anatomy & Physiology Z333

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1 Welcome to Human Anatomy & Physiology Z333 Instructor: Office: Phone: Office Hours: Mike LeMaster 2025 Cordley Hall (Zoology office) MWF 3:00-4:00 pm or by appointment Lectures: MWRF 1:00-2:50 pm CORD 2113 Required ext: Human Anatomy and Physiology (Marieb - 5th Ed.) Grading: Exam 1 (28 August) 150 Exam 2 (6 September) esting Format: Grading Scale: Multiple Choice rue/false Matching (w/ diagrams) Fill-in-the-blank Short Answer A = % D = 55-64% B = 80-89% F = < 55% C = 65-79% Curve implemented if average falls below 75% (+/- given accordingly) Web Site: Molecules/Cells/issues Z331-1st Session Covering, support and movement of the human body Integumentary System Skeletal System Review #1: What is wrong with this Picture? Muscular System

) Grading: Exam 1 (28 August) 150 Exam 2 (6 September) 150 300 esting Format: Grading Scale: Multiple Choice rue/false Matching (w/ diagrams) Fill-in-the-blank Short Answer A = 90-100% D = 55-64% B =

2 Nervous System Z332-2nd Session Regulation and integration of the human body Cardiovascular System Z333-3rd Session Maintenance of the human body Endocrine System Respiratory System FSH Reproductive System Review #2: What is wrong with this Picture? Digestive System Nutrients Waste O 2 CO 2 Immune System Urinary System Levels of structural organization: (Figure 1.1) ENAIVE SCHEDULE Week Date opic Chapter Material Covered 1 19 Aug Introduction Cardiovascular System 18: Course information and outline Blood 20 Aug Blood, cont. 21 Aug 19: Heart anatomy & physiology 22 Aug 20: Vessels anatomy & physiology 23 Aug Urinary System 26: Kidney - anatomy 2 26 Aug Kidney - physiology 27 Aug Respiratory System 23: Anatomy; Mechanism of breathing 28 Aug EXAM I Chapters and Aug Respiratory System Gas exchange 30 Aug Gas transport 3 02 Sept Labor Day Enjoy! 03 Sept Digestive System 24: Oral cavity; Esophagus 04 Sept Stomach; Small Intestine 05 Sept Liver; Pancreas; Large Intestine 06 Sept EXAM II Chapters 23 and 24 How to get the most out of Z333: (1) Attend lecture (2) ake notes (& re-write notes) (3) Read text (4) Utilize multiple resources Review questions (Book) Interactive Physiology CD s World-wide web (5) Utilize office hours (6) Have Fun! - You are what you learn... Extra Credit (10 points): (a) Select a drug (pharmaceutical) associated with a system of the body studied this session (b) Briefly describe how / why the drug is of importance and potential side affects (if applicable) (c) Specifically describe how the drug works physiologically in written and diagrammatic form. Should be no longer than 2 pages (double-spaced) Due before the final (Sept. 6th)

1) ENAIVE SCHEDULE Week Date opic Chapter Material Covered 1 19 Aug Introduction Cardiovascular System 18: 651-676 Course information and outline Blood 20 Aug Blood, cont.

3 Example: Background: Androgen Receptor = 24 months estosterone Reductase Androgen Receptor estosterone 5 α Dihydrotestosterone he Warning: Women who are pregnant should not take or handle this product... Male pattern baldness = DH in scalp Shortening of the growing phase of hair Progressive miniaturization of hair follicles Decrease in number of visible hairs he Cure: P he Problem: Reductase Genotypic Sex Determination: estosterone 5 α Dihydrotestosterone Fertilization Gonadal Determining Genes estosterone Reductase 5 α Dihydrotestosterone Hormones Gonad Formation Sexual Differentiation of phenotype Lower levels of DH: Inhibit further miniaturization of hair follicles Restore miniaturized hair follicles (re-grow visible hair) Sexual Development: (Wollfian ducts differentiate) XY SRY Gene ransport system of the body: O 2 CO 2 Cell Nutrients Waste Source O 2 / Energy Propecia Reductase estes MIS (Mullarian ducts degenerate) External environment: OO MUCH IME Sink (Development of male external anatomy) (Development of female external anatomy) O 2 / Nutrients

.. Male pattern baldness = DH in scalp Shortening of the growing phase of hair Progressive miniaturization of hair follicles Decrease in number of visible hairs he Cure: P he Problem: Reductase

4 ransport system of the body: O 2 CO 2 Cell Nutrients Waste Source O 2 / Energy A. Blood B. Heart C. Blood Vessels External environment: Sink O 2 / Nutrients Blood: Only fluid tissue in body (connective tissue) ph = (slightly alkaline) emp. slightly higher than body temp. (37 C / F) Approx. 8% body weight (4-6 liters) Function ( River of Life ): 1) Distribution Deliver oxygen/nutrients ransport metabolic wastes / Hormones 2) Regulation Maintain body temperature / ph Maintain fluid volumes 3) Protection Prevent blood loss Prevent infection 1) Formed Elements (living cells) Erythrocytes (RBC s) Leukocytes (WBC s) Platelets 2) Plasma Non-cellular fluid matrix (dissolved proteins) Plasma Formed Elements Buffy Coat (~1%) Erythrocytes (~45%) 1) Plasma Distributes materials/heat Composition precisely maintained (homeostatic mechanisms) 90% water 8% protein Albumin (~ 60%): Maintains osmotic pressure Globulins (~ 36%): ransport proteins (α, β), antibodies (γ) Clotting Proteins (~ 4%) 2% other solutes; (>100 different solutes present - able 18.1) Nitrogenous solutes (e.g. urea) Electrolytes (e.g. Na + ) Nutrients (e.g. glucose) Respiratory gases (e.g. O 2 ) 2) Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells - RBCs) Small (~ 7 µm); biconcave ( certs ) Anucleate (very few organelles) Contain hemoglobin (gas transport protein) ransports O 2 and CO 2 Heme (O 2 -binding pigment w/ iron) + Globin (protein) 4 globins / hemoglobin (2α & 2β) = 4 molecules O 2

5 Structure of Hemoglobin: 2) Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells - RBCs) Structure = Function: 1) Small size and shape = large surface area / volume 2) 97% hemoglobin / RBC (250 million hemoglobin molecules) 3) Lack mitochondria - don t burn oxygen (increased efficiency) (Figure 18.4) Erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation): ~ 2 million RBCs produced per second Formation occurs in red bone marrow RBC production High Low ibia Femur Long bones Vertebra Sternum Ribs Axial skeleton (Figure 18.5) Young Age (years) Old

6 Normoblast (nucleus ejected) Normoblast (nucleus ejected) Reticulocyte (immature - enter blood stream) Normoblast (nucleus ejected) Lives for days Broken down by spleen/liver Iron/amino acids recovered Waste disposed of in bile Erythrocyte 2 days Reticulocyte (immature - enter blood stream)

100-120 days Broken down by spleen/liver Iron/amino acids recovered Waste

Functions of Blood. Collects O 2 from lungs, nutrients from digestive tract, and waste products from tissues Helps maintain homeostasis

Functions of Blood. Collects O 2 from lungs, nutrients from digestive tract, and waste products from tissues Helps maintain homeostasis Blood Objectives Describe the functions of blood Describe blood plasma Explain the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Summarize the process of blood clotting What is Blood?