Green Gas Test Centre and Distribution of renewable gases
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1 and Distribution of renewable gases Jan K. Jensen Danish Gas Technology Centre Nordic Baltic Bioenergy 2013, Oslo
2 Danish Gas Technology Centre Consultancy, R&D, measurements (field and lab.) Focus on gas utilisation All energy gases (natural gas, town gas, biogas, hydrogen, ) and combinations of gas and renewable energy, a new laboratory facility and knowledge centre supported by Green Labs DK (Danish Energy Agency)
3 Green gases in the Danish energy system DK Energy Agreement (March 2012) Biogas in the gas grid (DONG Energy, Fredericia) Increased funding of biogas for CHP New funding for production and use of biogas: natural gas grid, industry, transport sector Significant increase in wind power (50% of power production in 2020) focus on Power to Gas Visions: No fossil fuels in power and heat production in No fossil fuels in the energy system in 2050
4 INTELLIGENT GAS TECHNOLOGY Balancing renewable energy
5 Balancing renewable energy The natural gas system offers transport and storage capacity for wind energy (hydrogen), biogas and gas from gasification The small-scale CHP plants offer heat storage and power production Gas quality requirements!
6 Gas quality requirements in Denmark (1) Biogas/biomethane must fulfill: Requirements for natural gas (Gas Regulations) (Distribution grid) Rules for Gas Transport (Transmission grid) Aim: To guarantee safe operation. No risk of corrosion/blocking/faults of equipment and installations.
7 Gas quality requirements in Denmark (2) Natural gas grids Gas Regulations Rules for Gas Transport Wobbe Index (kwh/m 3 ) 14,1-15,5 14,1-15,5 H 2 S (mg/m 3 ) H 2 S + COS < 5 H 2 S + COS < 5 Odorant THT > 10,5 mg/m 3 no odorisation Siloxanes (mg/m 3 ) < 1 -- NH 3 (mg/m 3 ) < 3 -- CO 2 (%) < 3 < 2,5 O 2 (%) < 0,5 < 0,1 Special requirements for gas grids dedicated to biogas or hydrogen
8 Wobbe Index Combustion property: Wobbe Index (WI) = Calorific Value rel. density Methane: WI = 14,85 kwh/m 3 Biomethane = CH 4 + CO 2 /N 2 /O 2 : lower WI than methane 14,1 kwh/m 3 is limit value at present
9 Calorific value (1) CV of biomethane typically lower than CV of natural gas Solutions for correct billing Propane addition Local gas quality mesurements Quality tracking
10 Calorific value (2) Maximum permissible error +2% on a yearly basis for customers with normal gas consumption profile Method assumes that measurement uncertainty is negligible Typical uncertainty for CV of natural gas ±0,25% Requirement for local CV measurement ±0,5% In practice: gas chromatograph (GC) required (Slightly) higher instrument costs than e.g. infrared meters High degree of confidence, also for WI determination Higher CO 2 -% allowed
11 Siloxanes Siloxanes: group of components containing silicon, cyclic (D-type) or linear (L-type) Found (mainly) in biogas from sewage sludge and landfill Risk: SiO 2 formation during combustion, causing erosion and/or deposits Source:Agilent / SCS Engineers
12 Gas quality - Documentation Present situation in Denmark: Periodic documentation according to national regulations Ongoing work for a European harmonisation
13 Standards and documentation CEN/TC 408 Biomethane for use in transport and injection in the natural gas grid. Expected outcome: Single specification for biomethane injected in the gas grid, regardless of origin of the biomethane (fermentation, landfill, gasification) Informative annex to standard will give guidance on methods to demonstrate compliance, depending on source, production method and gas treatment
14 Working plan for CEN PC 408 December 2011: 6th & 7th March 2012: 14th & 15th June 2012: 4th & 5th September 2012: 20th & 21st December 2012: 6th & 7th March 2013: 14th & 15th June 2013: 4th & 5th September 2013: 19th & 20th December 2013: 2nd & 3rd January 2014 : Draft ready for CEN enquiry!
15 Hydrogen Fuel for PEM fuel cell road vehicles
16 Need for periodic documentation At: Gas cleaning and gas upgrading sites Gas grid entry points Special and/or sensitive gas end use applications For: Gas composition Contaminants and trace elements Dew points Sulfur components and odorant
17 offers Analysis of main gas components and trace elements Biogas, biomethane, exhaust form biogas upgrading,. Gas from thermal gasification processes Hydrogen Analysis at laboratory or on location In-situ verification of analysers
18 Gas analysis: GC-TCD/MS Main gas components (O 2, N 2, CH 4,CO 2 ) Trace elements of Si, Cl, F Aromatics Sulfur
19 Head of Laboratory: Leo van Gruijthuijsen
20 Support transition into a renewable energy system Laboratory and knowledge center Green gas: Production, upgrading, utilization, R&D Biogas Gasification Hydrogen Process control, documentation and troubleshooting
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