Quality of Service with SCALANCE W SIMATIC NET. Application Nov Service & Support. Answers for industry.

Transcription

1 SIMATIC NET Application Nov 2008 Service & Support Answers for industry.

2 Preface Application Description 1 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2 SIMATIC Usage of the Sample Application 3 Appendix A Configuration 12 Bibliography B 10/2008

3 Safety Guidelines This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are graded according to the degree of danger. DANGER indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken. WARNING indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken. CAUTION with a safety alert symbol, indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken. CAUTION without a safety alert symbol, indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken. NOTICE indicates that an unintended result or situation can occur if the corresponding information is not taken into account. If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property damage. Qualified Personnel The device/system may only be set up and used in conjunction with this documentation. Commissioning and operation of a device/system may only be performed by qualified personnel. Within the context of the safety notes in this documentation qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, ground and label devices, systems and circuits in accordance with established safety practices and standards. Prescribed Usage Trademarks Note the following: WARNING This device may only be used for the applications described in the catalog or the technical description and only in connection with devices or components from other manufacturers which have been approved or recommended by Siemens. Correct, reliable operation of the product requires proper transport, storage, positioning and assembly as well as careful operation and maintenance. All names identified by are registered trademarks of the Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner. Disclaimer of Liability We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions. Siemens AG Industry Sector Postfach NÜRNBERG GERMANY Copyright Siemens AG Technical data subject to change

4 Preface About this document Goal This application shows the interaction of IT communication and real-time requirements in an industrial wireless LAN. Using the example of a network camera in conjunction with PROFINET via IWLAN, we demonstrate here that despite of high network load on the camera side the real-time communication of PNIO is ensured. Main contents The following main points are discussed in this application: Integration of SCALANCE W, SCALANCE X and ET 200S modules in a PROFINET network Configuring wireless multi media (WMM) in Access Point. Configurations of VLANs Configuration of the industrial Quality of Service (iqos) in the access point Configuration of layer 2 tunneling Delimitation This application does not contain a description of PROFINET of wireless LAN. Basic knowledge of this topic is required. Configuration 12, 10/2008 3

5 Preface Document structure Tabelle Preface 1 Components Application Description Function Mechanisms of this Application Usage of the Sample Application Appendix Description This section provides a general overview of the contents. You are informed on the used components. This part describes the detailed function processes of the involved hardware and software components, the solution structures and where useful the specific implementation of this application. It is only required to read this part if you want to familiarize yourself with the interaction of the solution components to use these components, e.g., as a basis for your own developments. This part leads you step by step through the structure, important configuration steps, commissioning and operation of the application. Here you find further information, such as bibliography, glossary etc.. 4 Configuration 12, 10/2008

6 Table of Contents Preface Application Description Application area / range Objective Problem Description Advantages Automation solution Automation overview Main function Basic performance data System requirements, packages, versions, validities Scope of delivery Function Mechanisms of this Application Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP User interface to the CPU Evaluation of diagnostic alarms Program structure in this example MAC-based communication via IWLAN Problem Solution for one node: adopt MAC address Solution for several nodes: Layer 2 Tunneling Quality of Service Wireless Multimedia (WMM) Industrial Quality of Service (iqos) Usage of the Sample Application Installation For your own safety Hardware and software installation Installation of the application Configuration and Settings Changing the IP address of the PG Activating the clock memory in the CPU Web-based management Standard configuration of the SCALANCE W modules Configuration of the WMM function Configuration of the iqos method Operating the application...67 Configuration 12, 10/2008 5

7 Table of Contents Scenario 1: WMM function Scenario 2: iqos method...70 A. Appendix...73 B. Bibliography Configuration 12, 10/2008

8 Application Description Application area / range Wireless networks are often used in office networks. The construction of industrial wireless local area networks (IWLAN) is gaining more and more importance compared to wired networks. The modern, cable-based Ethernet can without problems be used for the industrial application and especially for real-time communication due to the application of switches and hubs (switched medium). The normal WLAN on the other hand, as used in many office buildings or private households is only suitable for this application to a limited extend. All nodes share the WLAN (shared medium). The access is controlled but not predictable. It cannot be guaranteed that control commands arrive at the end device in time and regularly. For industrial applications SIMATIC NET provides a series of high-performance and robust access points and clients that enable the construction of reliable radio networks under industrial conditions (industrial Wireless Local Area Network, IWLAN). However, IWLAN does not only offer good robustness in industrial applications, but also supports a certain amount of real-time communication and deterministics, as required amongst others by PROFINET. Configuration 12, 10/2008 7

9 Application Description 1.2 Objective 1.2 Objective Problem The figure below provides an overview of the automation task Description The real-time requirement task with several PROFINET IO devices via IWLAN additionally requires a visual monitoring by means of a network camera. The challenge is to continue providing the real-time communication despite of high camera network load. Using standardized methods this application demonstrates the steps required for this Advantages Camera and PROFINET both use a joint infrastructure. Cost saving through using a medium 8 Configuration 12, 10/2008

10 Application Description 1.3 Automation solution 1.3 Automation solution Automation overview The following figure displays the most important components of the solution: Design The IWLAN in this application is set up with the SCALANCE W788-1 and one or two clients W747-1 depending on the scenario. SCALANCE X414-3E interconnects the access points W788-1, the SIMATIC S7-300 station with PROFINET IO-Controller CP343-1 and a PC. The distributed I/O and a IWLAN client are connected at the SCALANCE X310. Depending on the scenario the camera is connected with SCALANCE X310 or the second W Configuration 12, 10/2008 9

11 Application Description 1.3 Automation solution Main function Overview The functions implemented here are based on a PROFINET network via wireless LAN and a camera providing the network load. These can be diagnosed by integrating the components into the hardware configuration of STEP 7. The main point of this application, however, lies in the various solution examples to provide the real-time communication despite of high camera network load Technology As a technology, this application is based on two similar solution approaches: The solution approach using the wireless multimedia (WMM) function, which categorizes and prioritizes multimedia telegrams into different categories. The solution approach using the Quality of Service, which provides clients with a reserved bandwidth for data transmission. Both methods are based on the industry standard IEEE e. 10 Configuration 12, 10/2008

12 Application Description 1.3 Automation solution Scenarios The different solution approaches are described and configured in separate scenarios. Scenario WMM The following figure shows which nodes are part of the WMM scenario: In the WMM scenario telegrams are prioritized using a virtual network (VLAN). If the data packages reach the SCALANCE W, they are sorted and filtered via the WMM method according to priorities. Configuration 12, 10/

13 Application Description 1.3 Automation solution Scenario iqos The following figure shows which nodes are part of the iqos scenario: In the iqos scenario clients are assured of a certain data rate. This reserved bandwidth is available to them per cycle in any case. Overview of the methods The following table gives an overview of the used methods. Tabelle 1 1 Method Layer 2 Tunneling VLAN + WMM iqos Description Enables several PROFINET IO devices per IWLAN client. Prioritizing the telegrams for different nodes. Reserving the bandwidth for several IWLAN clients. 12 Configuration 12, 10/2008

14 1.3.3 Basic performance data This chapter gives you a summary of the performance of this application: Tabelle 1 2 Criterion Key data Note Application Description 1.3 Automation solution PROFINET IO System Updating time PNIO string SCALANCE X, SCALANCE W: 128ms ET 200S: 16ms Can be set in the hardware configuration of STEP 7. Send cycle PN IO 1ms Camera Resolution maximal: 1280x1024 Pixel minimal: 160x90 Pixel Activated for this application: 480x360 Pixel Video Format Motion JPEG MPEG-4 In this application the camera images are transferred with MPEG-4, since this format is based on UDP/ IP Configuration 12, 10/

15 Application Description 1.3 Automation solution System requirements, packages, versions, validities Hardware components Tabelle 1 3 Component Qty. MLFB / order number Note SCALANCE X GK FA00-2AA3 From V2.2 SCALANCE X414-3E 1 6GK FC00-2AA2 From V2.2; the SCALANCE X414-3E has a modular structure. SCALANCE W GK AA60-6AA0 From FW V4.0 SCALANCE W GK AA60-6AA0 From FW V4.0 CPU 315-2DP 1 6ES AG10-0AB0 CP GK EX30-0XE0 Power Supply PS 307 5A 1 6ES EA00-0AA0 Power supply unit with 24V output voltage PC/ PG 1 Mit Microsoft Windows XP Professional SP2 IM PN 1 6ES AA00-0AB0 IM PN 1 6ES AA22-0AB0 Terminal modules DO 2 6ES CB20-0AA0 Unit pack of 5 Terminal modules PM 2 6ES CD20-0AA0 Unit pack of 5 2 DO DC 24V/0.5A 2 6ES BB00-0AA0 Digital output PM-E DC24V 1 6ES CA01-0AA0 Power module PM-E DC24V 1 6ES CA50-0AB0 Power module AXIS network camera 207MW 1 or similar model Accessories Tabelle 1 4 Component Qty. MLFB / order number Note IE FC Standard Cable GP 2x2 1 6XV AH10 Minimum order quantity 20m IE FC RJ45 Plug GK BB10-2AA0 IE Stripping Tool 6GK GA00 Stripping tool for Ethernet cables MPI cable 1 6ES7901-0BF00-0AA0 For connecting SIMATIC S7 and PG, length: 5m Power M12 Cable Connector 1 6GK1907-0DC10-6AA3 Content: 3 pieces 14 Configuration 12, 10/2008

16 SIMATIC software components Application Description 1.3 Automation solution Tabelle 1 5 Component Qty. MLFB / order number Note SIMATIC STEP 7 V5.4 SP 4 1 6ES7810-5CC10-0YC5 Or higher Scope of delivery The following list contains all files and projects used in this example. Tabelle 1 6 Component _SCALANCE W_WMM_QoS_CODE_V10.zip _SCALANCE W_WMM_QoS_DOKU_V10_d.pdf Note This zip file contains the STEP 7 project This document Configuration 12, 10/

17 Function Mechanisms of this Application Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP User interface to the CPU The following functions are available for the data traffic between the user program of the S7-300 CPU and the PROFINET IO devices via a CP as a PROFINET IO controller. PNIO_Send (FC 11) PNIO_RECV (FC 12) In addition, the following function blocks are available for diagnostics: PNIO_RW_REC (FB 52) (not used in this application) PNIO_ALARM (FB 54) The blocks are included in the SIMATIC_NET_CP library. Schematic diagram The figure below shows a schematic representation of the data traffic between CPU and CP. Configuration 12, 10/

18 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.1 Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP Data transfer with FC 11 Description Block FC 11 (PNIO_SEND) is used for transferring process data and is called cyclically in the user program. The process data are made available in memory bit or a data block. The FC11 transfers these process data (outputs) to the CP to forward them to the PROFINET IO devices and delivers the IO Consumer Status (IOCS) of the outputs as a status display from the PROFINET IO devices. Call interface The figure below shows the call of FC 11 in FBD representation. The parameters EN and EN0 are only visible in the graphic view (FUP/ KOP). Explanation of the formal parameters The formal parameters have the following meaning: Tabelle 2 1 Parameter Type Declaration Description CPLADDR WORD INPUT CP start address LEN INT INPUT Length of the data area to be transferred Details of the largest configured address of the IO devices Transfer of the data in the order of the logical addresses The block starts the data transfer at output address 0 independently of your specific configuration of the output addresses SEND ANY INPUT Data area to be transferred IOCS ANY OUTPUT Status bit(s); one status bit is transferred per output byte DONE BOOL OUTPUT Status parameter; indicates the job status. ERROR BOOL OUTPUT Indicates an error of the block. Configuration 12, 10/

19 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.1 Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP Parameter Type Declaration Description STATUS WORD OUTPUT Status display CHECK_IOCS BOOL OUTPUT Help bit; indicates whether it is necessary to evaluate the IOCS status bits Data acceptance with FC 12 Description FC 12 (PNIO_RECV) is used for accepting process data and is called cyclically in the user program. The block accepts the process data of PROFINET IO devices (IO controller inputs) as well as the IO provider status (IOPS) from the PROFINET IO devices to the specified input areas. Call interface The figure below shows the call of FC 12 in FBD representation: Bild 2 1 Explanation of the formal parameters The formal parameters have the following meaning: Tabelle 2 2 Parameter Type Declaration Description CPLADDR WORD INPUT CP start address LEN INT INPUT Length of the data area to be transferred Details of the largest configured address of the IO devices Transfer of the data in the order of the logical addresses The block starts the data transfer at output address 0 independently of your specific configuration of the output addresses 18 Configuration 12, 10/2008

20 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.1 Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP Parameter Type Declaration Description RECV ANY IN_OUT Data area to be transferred IOPS ANY OUTPUT Status bit(s); one status bit is transferred per input byte NDR BOOL OUTPUT Status parameter; indicates the job status. ERROR BOOL OUTPUT Indicates an error of the block. STATUS WORD OUTPUT Status display CHECK_IOPS BOOL OUTPUT Help bit; indicates whether it is necessary to evaluate the IOPS status bits ADD_INFO WORD OUTPUT Additional diagnostic information In controller mode: 0: No alarm >0: Number of pending alarms In device mode, the parameter is always 0. Configuration 12, 10/

21 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.1 Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP Evaluation of diagnostic alarms When a channel error occurs, e.g. link down of a port, the faulty component generates a diagnostic alarm to the PROFINET IO controller, the CP. FB 54 (PNIO_ALARM) is used for the alarm evaluation by a CP that is operated as a PROFINET IO controller and is called in the user program of the CPU. All PROFINET IO alarms are detected, evaluated and acknowledged by this block. This enables the user to program an error analysis that is more exact and an individual reaction to the error. If FB 54 is not called in the user program, all alarms are internally acknowledged by the CP. In this case, no alarm information is forwarded to the user program. HINWEIS The PROFINET communication between CP and CPU via the backplane bus is blockrelated, i.e. only special communication blocks (FC 11, FC 12, FB 54, etc.) are used for the communication. The error OBs (OB82, OB83, OB86, etc.) are thus not automatically called in the user program. Functional sequence The following step table shows the sequence of the error analysis: Tabelle 2 3 No Instruction Note 1. A diagnostic alarm occurs. E.g., by removing/inserting a module or link down on a port 2. FB 54 is called in the user program and provided with the alarm information. E.g., slot number, channel number, alarm type, incoming / outgoing alarm 3. Evaluation of the alarm information and display of selected information in the variable table Display of the messages Selected parameters from the alarm information are displayed in the variable table for better overview. 20 Configuration 12, 10/2008

22 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.1 Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP Call interface The figure below shows the call of FB 54 in FBD representation: The EN and EN0 parameters are only visible in the Graphic view. Explanation of the formal parameters The formal parameters have the following meaning: Tabelle 2 4 Parameter Type Declaration Description CPLADDR WORD INPUT CP start address MODE DWORD IN_OUT reserved TINFO ANY IN_OUT Destination area for the alarm management information. AINFO ANY IN_OUT Target range for header information and additional alarm information DONE BOOL OUTPUT Status parameter; indicates the job status. ERROR BOOL OUTPUT Indicates an error of the block. NEW BOOL OUTPUT For DONE = 1 and NEW = 1, a newly received alarm is signaled. STATUS WORD OUTPUT Status display ID WORD OUTPUT Logical start address of the PN IO component triggering the alarm (board or module). Configuration 12, 10/

23 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.1 Communication mechanisms for PROFINET via CP Parameter Type Declaration Description LEN INT OUTPUT Length of the received alarm information (AINFO) Program structure in this example The following figure shows the program structure of the STEP 7 project: The blocks have the following function: Tabelle 2 5 Block Designation Function OB1 ORGANISATION Is cyclically called by the operating system FC1 RUN_LIGHT Simulation of the LED chaser on the ET200S FC11 PNIO_SEND Communication block for PROFINET DB1 RUN_LIGHT_DB Data block for the LED chaser FB54 PNIO_ALARM Alarm evaluation for a CP343-1 as PROFINET IO controller DB54 IDB_PNIO_ALARM Instance data block for FB54 DB1 ALARM_DB Important alarm information from the alarm evaluation 22 Configuration 12, 10/2008

24 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.2 MAC-based communication via IWLAN 2.2 MAC-based communication via IWLAN Problem All telegrams forwarded to the access point by the SCALANCE W client contain only the MAC address of the WLAN interface. This is also the case if several nodes are interconnected, for example, with the Ethernet interface of the client. The result of this is that the access point only includes into his MAC address list the MAC address of the WLAN interface of the client which is visible for him. If the access point is reached by a data package intended for a node behind the client, it finds the target MAC address not in his MAC address list and rejects the package. Stations located behind a client cannot be addressed. Schematic diagram The following graph schematically illustrates this problem: Tabelle 2 6 No. Instruction 1. In the MAC address list in the access point only the MAC address of the WLAN interface of the client is entered. 2. A data package for node 2 reaches the access point. 3. The access point checks the target MAC address against that entered in the MAC address list and detects no match. The data package is rejected. Configuration 12, 10/

25 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.2 MAC-based communication via IWLAN Solution for one node: adopt MAC address The SCALANCE W client has the option to adopt the MAC address of a node and replace its MAC address for the WLAN with it. With this new address the client can be entered into the MAC address list of the access point. This way the telegrams determined for this node are not rejected by the access point but forwarded to the client. With this method a maximum of one node can be addressed behind the client. HINWEIS If the client has adopted an external address, the device does no longer respond to requests from the Primary Setup Tool, if the request was made via the WLAN interface. At this point in time the WLAN interface no longer has its own MAC address Solution for several nodes: Layer 2 Tunneling If, however, as in this application several nodes exist behind the client, the adopt MAC address method can no longer by applied. Layer 2 Tunneling will now be used. For this method the client, when logging on at an access point, provides the MAC address of the nodes connected behind it. The access point can now enter the MAC address into its MAC address list. If the access point is reached by a data package intended for a node behind the client, it finds the appropriate target MAC address in his MAC address list and forwards the package to the client. Due to this method the maximum number of nodes is increased to eight. 24 Configuration 12, 10/2008

26 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service 2.3 Quality of Service The term Quality of Service (QoS) comprises a number of measures, protocols and demands to ensure the quality of a network even for several nodes. There are two technical options for this: Prioritizing the data packages (WMM) Reserving the band width (iqos) Wireless Multimedia (WMM) Definition of terms Wireless Multimedia, also called Wi-Fi multimedia, is a method for sending telegrams via the WLAN interface according to their priority and is a derivative of the Quality of Service (QoS) technology. This WMM function was developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance, an association of manufacturers and providers of wireless networking, for better multimedia transmission via WLAN and certified on the basis of the IEEE e standard Prioritizing the data packages There are two ways for the prioritizing the data packages: Prioritizing by means of QoS tagging Prioritizing by means of VLAN tagging The data traffic for both methods is divided into four categories with different priority. The following table shows these gradings: the description and the category name were taken from the QoS Tagging, the last column shows the respective VLAN priority number. Tabelle 2 7 Category Description VLAN Priority WMM voice priority WMM Video priority WMM best effort priority WMM background priority Highest priority; ensures several and simultaneous Voiceover IP conversations with low wait time and high voice quality. Video data traffic is prioritized against other data traffic. Data packages of applications (e.g. internet surfing) or devices, which require QoS resources Low priority data traffic (file download, print jobs) with no fixed wait time and throughput requirements 7,6 5,4 3,0 1,2 Configuration 12, 10/

27 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service Priorizing via QoS The data packages are classified and marked by the sender which is why this node/device must support the QoS function. QoS Tagging is used on layer 3. For entering the priority in the data package the first six bits of the already existing ToS byte (Type of Service) are used in the IP Header. This provides a total of 2 6 = 64 priorities. The number value formed by these bits together is called Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP). The following figure shows the IP Layer 3 priorization with QoS: Priorizing via VLANs VLANs are virtual network segments in a physical network which are assigned to the nodes per configuration. SCALANCE of the X300 and X400 series support the portbased VLAN. For the configuration of the VLANs a VLAN ID and a priority (CoS, Class of Service) to layer 2 are assigned to the individual ports of a SCALANCE. Multicast and broadcast telegrams are only possible within the boundaries of the logic network structure i.e. between ports with identical VLAN ID. Through this segmentation not only the network load is reduced, since broadcasts are limited to a sensible number of end systems. VLANs also increase the network safety, since nodes can no longer hear the data traffic between each other unless they are a member of this VLAN. For identifying which package is assigned to which VLAN, the Ethernet Frame on layer-2- level is expanded by 4 bytes (VLAN Tagging). Apart from the VLAN ID this expansion also contains the priority information and is located between the source address and the type field. 26 Configuration 12, 10/2008

28 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service The TPI (Tag Protocol Identifier) field is assigned with 0x8100 and specifies that the data package contains information or priority details. The TAG (Tag Control Information) field contains the following information: CoS prioritization: in the tagged telegram the bits for priority are available which are also referred to as Class of Service. I total these are 2 3 =8 different priorities. The prioritization buffers data packages with lower priority and sets them into a queue. An IE switch has four parallel queues in which the various prioritized telegrams are processed. VLAN-ID: the VLAN-ID is formed from the remaining 12 bits. Configuration or prioritized ports In order for the telegrams to already arrive with priority information at the SCALANCE W Client or Access Point, the SCALANCE X310 takes on the tagging. The port connected with the WebCam receives a lower priority than the two ports with PROFINET communication to both ET200S modules. This setting is made in the Webbased Management of SCALANCE X310 The following screenshot shows the prioritization of the ports. The ports connected with the ET200S modules are tagged with the priority 6 common for PROFINET. CoS Tagging and QoS Tagging CoS Tagging and QoS Tagging differ in one important point: they work on different layers. While for CoS Tagging the priority is entered to Layer 2 in the Ethernet frame, the IP protocol is modified to Layer 3 for QoS Tagging. For this reason it is not possible to apply both prioritization types together in one application. The following flow-chart diagram shall explain this: Configuration 12, 10/

29 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service If both prioritization options are activated, the Layer 3 Tagging (QoS) is preferred to that on Layer 2 (CoS). Prioritization in this application The prioritization in this application occurs via the CoS Tagging i.e. the configuration of VLANs. Apart from data packages of the WebCam telegrams for the ET200S modules also run via the SCALANCE W modules. The WebCam used for this application supports Quality of Service, however, both ET200S modules do not. In order to be able to prioritize both components equally, only the method using VLANs is sensible and the Quality of Service of the WebCam must be deactivated. If the QoS function is active parallel to the VLAN Tagging in the WebCam, then the WMM function in SCALANCE W only notices the QoS tags, but not the VLAN tags. 28 Configuration 12, 10/2008

30 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service The functional sequence of WMM Schematic diagram The following diagram illustrates the WMM function with an access point: Process sequence Normally the access point works according to the First in First out principle (FIFO). Data packages which arrive first are also sent off first. If the WMM function is active, the FIFO function looses its effectiveness. The WMM method is used to identify all data packages and to treat them according to their priority. Data packages with high priority (here 7) are sent preferably even if they arrive later than other packages. Lower-priority data packages (here 2) are placed in one of four queues. In this way important data packages can be sent quicker in wireless LAN as well, despite of high data loads. Configuration 12, 10/

31 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service Configuration The activation of the WMM function occurs in the access point as well as in the clients. 30 Configuration 12, 10/2008

32 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service Industrial Quality of Service (iqos) Description For the deterministic operation a proprietary method was developed for SCALANCE W, the industrial Quality of Service. This method is mainly employed where a fixed assigned data rate and response times are demanded for wireless LAN Clients. Should a bottleneck occur in the wireless LAN it is possible with this method to reserve and guarantee a certain minimal bandwidth and response times for important clients. Devices which do not participate at the iqos method will have a restricted communication or, if necessary, be logged off from the access point in order to ensure the data traffic for the iqos clients. HINWEIS The settings for the data rate are always based on the net data rate. It must be ensured that appropriate protocol header are added to the radio transmission. Variants of iqos The industrial Quality of Service can be activated in two variants: iqos iqos (static) The difference between these two variants lies in a feature of wireless LAN. In order to increase the range and achieve appropriate transmission quality, the access point adjusts its transmission sped automatically to its environment. It is unclear which data rate is actually available and how much bandwidth can be reserved in total. The methods iqos and iqos (static) solve this problem in different ways. The iqos methods follow an optimistic approach and evaluate the current situation in the radio LAN. It can happen that the reserved data rate cannot be maintained if the transmission speed is reduced due to insufficient transmission quality or increased range. The iqos (static) method on the other hand assumes the unfavorable situation and assigns only a reserved bandwidth for 1 MBit/s or 6 MBit/s. HINWEIS In this application iqos is used. Transmission time The transmission time (response time) defines the time frame in which a client must be addressed by the access point at least once. This time can be configured in webbased management beforehand. Configuration 12, 10/

33 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service Schematic diagram The following graphic schematically shows the iqos method. The first figure provides an overview of the alignment of the clients. The second figure gives an example of a possible data exchange for the setup displayed in figure: Process sequence The clients entered in the access point as iqos client have a uniform send time successively assigned to them per time unit. Wireless LAN clients which do not participate in this method (non-iqos clients) share the remaining time of the time period. In order to avoid collisions the access method CSMA/CA (Carrier Send Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) is employed between the non-iqos clients. The principle of the collision avoidance is simple: Prior to the send process the medium is tapped. If the wireless LAN is free the client starts sending, if the medium is busy the send job is stopped and it is waited. 32 Configuration 12, 10/2008

34 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service Configuration The technology of industrial Quality of Service is only realized in the access point and does not depend on the clients. This means that any compatible wireless LAN client can participate in the iqos method. The configuration of the iqos function occurs via webbased management of the SCALANCE W access point. Each client which requires a fixed data rate is here entered with MAC address and desired data rate. The following figure shows the configuration mask in the access point SCALANCE W788-1: The MAC address of the WLAN clients and the bandwidth to be reserved are entered. In this case the desired data rate is 1000kbits/s. In addition, the required response time can be changed. HINWEIS In order to enable a smooth communication the number of clients with band width reservation must be restricted to four. Status information on iqos Status information on the industrial Quality of Service function are provided in the webbased management of the access point. The first page shows the number and division of the client as well as the summary of the data traffic. The second page gives status information and number of the received and sent bytes via the clients logged in at the access point. Configuration 12, 10/

35 Function Mechanisms of this Application 2.3 Quality of Service The column divides the clients into different units. The following table gives you an overview of the meaning of the abbreviations: Tabelle 2 8 Abbreviation Status Meaning CC Critical Compliant These are clients which were defined as critical. They can meet the currently requested bandwidth and response times. CNC Critical Non- Compliant These clients also have fixed requirements for response time and band width. As opposed to the CC Clients they can currently not meet these requirements. NCS Non-Critical Satisfied These clients are clients without fixed requirements for response time and minimum bandwidth. They are currently not restricted in their communication by iqos NCR NCNR Non-Critical Regulated Non-Critical Non- Responsive These are also non-critical clients which, however, are currently restricted by iqos in their communication in favor of critical clients. Some clients which do not request any acknowledgement for their communication (e.g. UDP traffic), cannot be regulated by iqos. These are classified as NCNR. 34 Configuration 12, 10/2008

36 Usage of the Sample Application 3 This chapter contains information on installation, configuration and operation of the application. 3.1 Installation For your own safety This chapter describes the hardware and software components to be installed. It is also important to read the descriptions, manuals and any delivery information supplied with the products. WARNUNG Only switch on the power supply after the last step has been completed! Hardware and software installation The hardware components are available in chapter System requirements, packages, versions, validities [Page 14]. For the hardware configuration, please follow the instructions listed in the table below: Preparation of the Ethernet connecting cables Tabelle 3 1 No. Instruction Comment 1. Prepare seven Ethernet cables from the specified accessories. Alternatively, you can also use pre-assembled Ethernet cables. Configuration 12, 10/

37 Installation of PC Tabelle 3 2 No. Instruction Comment 1. Install an Ethernet card in the PG/PC. When you are using a SIMATIC field PG, this card already exists. Installation of the Office network The figure below shows the setup of the application: 36 Configuration 12, 10/2008

38 Connect the components according to the following table: Tabelle 3 3 No. Instruction Comment 1. Mount the power supply CPU and CP on the S7-300 DIN rail. CPU and CP are connected with each other via the backplane bus. 2. Mount the three SCALANCE W on the S7-300 DIN rail. 3. Mount the two ET200S PN and the SCALANCE X310 on the 35mm top-hat rail. 4. Attach the following modules and the corresponding terminal modules to the first ET 200S PN head module (6ES AA22-0AB0) in the following order: PM DC 24 V (6ES CA01-0AA0) 2 DO DC 24V (6ES BB00-0AA0) 5. Attach the following modules and the corresponding terminal modules to the second ET 200S PN head module (6ES AA00-0AB0) in the following order: PM DC 24 V (6ES CA50-0AB0) 2 DO DC 24V (6ES BB00-0AA0) Connect PIN 2 (L1) and PIN 3 (M) of the power module to a 24V power supply. You can pick up the 24V from the head module. Connect PIN 2 (L1) and PIN 3 (M) of the power module to a 24V power supply. You can pick up the 24V from the head module. 6. Ensure the power supply with DC 24V for SCALANCE X310, SCALANCE X414-3E, SCALANCE W788-1, both SCALANCE W747-1, CPU, CP, WebCam and both ET200S interface modules. 7. Supply the power supply with AC230V. 8. Network the SCALANCE W788-1, the PC and the CP with the SCALANCE X414-3E by means of Ethernet cable. 9. For the WMM function: Network the SCALANCE W747-1, both ET200S modules and the WebCam by means of Ethernet cable. 10. For the iqos function: Network the SCALANCE W747-1, both ET200S module by means of Ethernet cable. Port 9.1 SCALANCE W788-1 Port 9.2 CP343-1 Port 9.3 PC Port 1 SCALANCE W747-1 Port 2 first ET200S module Port 3 WebCam Port 4 second ET200S module Port 1 SCALANCE W747-1 Port 2 first ET200S module Port 4 second ET200S module 11. For the iqos function: Connect the WebCam with the second SCALANCE W747-1 by means of Ethernet cable. Configuration 12, 10/

39 HINWEIS In order to be able to connect all components to the power supply, it is recommended to use a terminal bar. HINWEIS The installation guidelines for SIMATIC S7 and SIMATIC NET always have to be observed! Installation of the standard software Tabelle 3 4 No. Instruction Comment 1. Install STEP 7 V5.4 + SP 4 Follow the instructions of the installation program. 2. Transfer the required licenses Installation of the application Retrieving the STEP 7 project Tabelle 3 5 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open the SIMATIC MANAGER and extract the STEP 7 project _SCALANCE W_WMM_QoS _CODE_v10.zip. Under: File -> Retrieve 38 Configuration 12, 10/2008

40 3.2 Configuration and Settings Changing the IP address of the PG The figure below shows the network setting to which you have to change the PG/PC: Tabelle 3 6 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties by selecting Start -> Settings -> Network Connection -> Local Connections. Select the Use the following IP address check box and fill out the field as shown in the screen shot on the right. Close the dialog boxes with OK. Changing the IP address of the WebCam The figure below shows the network setting to which you have to change the WebCam: An instruction on how to change the IP address of the camera is available in the manual of the AXIS WebCam. Configuration 12, 10/

41 Assigning name and IP address of the PROFINET nodes To ensure the PROFINET IO device function, all network stations require unique names which are identical in the device and in the configuration of the S7-CPU. To assign these names and the IP addresses, follow the instructions listed in the table below. The following table provides an overview of the used PROFINET device names and IP addresses: Tabelle 3 7 Module Device name IP address CP343-1 CP SCALANCE X310 X SCALANCE X414-3E X SCALANCE W788-1 W788-1RR SCALANCE W747-1 W RR SCALANCE W747-1 W RR ET200S PN IM ET200S PN IM WebCam PC/ PG To change the IP addresses of the PROFINET components proceed as follows: Tabelle 3 8 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open the SIMATIC Manager. Under Options -> Set PC/ PG Interface you set the S7 ONLINE interface to the Ethernet card connected to the SCALANCE X414-3E switch and to TCP/IP. Close dialog box with OK. 40 Configuration 12, 10/2008

42 No. Instruction Comment 2. In the SIMATIC Manager you select the menu: PLC -> Edit Ethernet Node Click the Browse button to start the search for further nodes. 3. A new dialog box with the nodes found in the network appears. In this case the SCALANCE X414-3E, the PC itself, the CP and the access point. Select the CP (device type: S7-300 CP) and click OK. 4. Enter the IP address as listed in table 7-6 and the appropriate subnet mask and assign them to the device by clicking the Assign IP Configuration button. Configuration 12, 10/

43 No. Instruction Comment 5. In the lower part of the dialog box, enter the device name as listed in table 7-6 and assign it to the device by selecting Assign Name. Close the dialog with the Close button. 6. In the SIMATIC Manager you select the menu: PLC -> Edit Ethernet Node Click the Browse button to start the search for further nodes. 7. A new dialog box with the nodes found in the network appears. The CP343-1E now appears with its assigned IP address. Select the SCALANCE X4414-3E (device type: S7-400) and click OK. 42 Configuration 12, 10/2008

44 No. Instruction Comment 8. Enter the IP address as listed in table 7-6 and the appropriate subnet mask and assign them to the device by clicking the Assign IP Configuration button. 9. In the lower part of the dialog box, enter the device name as listed in table 7-6 and assign it to the device by selecting Assign Name. Close the dialog with the Close button. 10. In the SIMATIC Manager you select the menu: PLC -> Edit Ethernet Node Click the Browse button to start the search for further nodes. Configuration 12, 10/

45 No. Instruction Comment 11. A new dialog box with the nodes found in the network appears. The SCALANCE X414-3E now appears with its assigned IP address. Select the SCALANCE W788-1 (device type: SCALANCE W-700) and click OK. 12. Enter the IP address as listed in table 7-6 and the appropriate subnet mask and assign them to the device by clicking the Assign IP Configuration button. 44 Configuration 12, 10/2008

46 No. Instruction Comment 13. In the lower part of the dialog box, enter the device name as listed in table 7-6 and assign it to the device by selecting Assign Name. Close the dialog with the Close button. 14. Connect this PC with SCALANCE X310 (Port 5). In the SIMATIC Manager you select the menu: PLC -> Edit Ethernet Node Click the Browse button to start the search for further nodes. 15. Select the SCALANCE X310 (device type: SCALANCE X-300) and click OK. Configuration 12, 10/

47 No. Instruction Comment 16. Enter the IP address as listed in table 7-6 and the appropriate subnet mask and assign them to the device by clicking the Assign IP Configuration button. 17. In the lower part of the dialog box, enter the device name as listed in table 7-6 and assign it to the device by selecting Assign Name. Close the dialog with the Close button. 18. Repeat steps 10 to 13 with modules SCALANCE W747-1 (device type SCALANCE W-700) and both ET200S modules (device type ET 200S). 46 Configuration 12, 10/2008

48 No. Instruction Comment 19. Connect the PC with the second SCALANCE W In the SIMATIC Manager you select the menu: PLC -> Edit Ethernet Node Click the Browse button to start the search for further nodes. 20. Select the SCALANCE W747-1 (device type: SCALANCE W-700) and click OK. 21. Enter the IP address as listed in table 7-6 and the appropriate subnet mask and assign them to the device by clicking the Assign IP Configuration button. Configuration 12, 10/

49 No. Instruction Comment 22. In the lower part of the dialog box, enter the device name as listed in table 7-6 and assign it to the device by selecting Assign Name. Close the dialog with the Close button. 23. Reconnect the PC to port 9.3 at the SCALANCE X414-3E. Load STEP 7 project Tabelle 3 9 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open the SIMATIC MANAGER and mark the SIMATIC 300 station in the STEP7 project PROFINET. 2. Via PLC-> Download you download it into the CPU 315-2DP 48 Configuration 12, 10/2008

50 3.2.2 Activating the clock memory in the CPU The clock memory requires the user program of the CPU for the simulation of the LED chaser. In the hardware configuration of the attached STEP 7 project the clock memory has already been activated for the CPU. You only need this section if you wish to use another CPU than that used for this application: Tabelle 3 10 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open the SIMATIC MANAGER. Select the SIMATIC 300 station from the PROFINET project and then double-click the Hardware item. 2. In the Hardware configuration you adjust the CPU to your hardware setup. Please be sure not to delete the STEP 7 program! Click the No button. 3. In the hardware configuration you double-click the CPU. The properties dialog of the CPU opens. Go to the Cycle/ Clock Memory tab. Activate the clock memory and enter Memory Byte 0. Acknowledge the dialog with OK. 4. Save and recompile the hardware configuration and download it to the CPU. Configuration 12, 10/

51 3.2.3 Web-based management The SCALANCE W modules are configured via webbased management. HINWEIS In Web-based Management, no proxy server must be set in the connection properties of the internet browser. Tabelle 3 11 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open an internet browser, for example Internet Explorer or Firefox. Enter the following address: address of SCALANCE> 2. Enter the user name and password. Click the Log On button in order to log on. The default settings are: User: admin Password: admin 3. The web-based management opens. 50 Configuration 12, 10/2008

52 3.2.4 Standard configuration of the SCALANCE W modules The web-based management of the SCALANCE W modules offers several wizards that provide help for the WLAN connection settings. Wizards of the SCALANCE W788-1 This wizard can be used to make basic settings: Configuration of the radio network Security settings Tabelle 3 12 No. Instruction Comment 1. Open the web-based management of the SCALANCE W In the navigation bar you click on Wizards->Basic. You can skip the first dialog box with the system name by clicking Next. 3. As a country code you select GERMANY. Press Next to go to the dialog window. 4. Enter the name for radio network 1 under SSID. Select 2.4 GHz 54 Mbps (802.11g) as Wireless Mode. Confirm the entry with Next. Configuration 12, 10/

53 No. Instruction Comment 5. Deactivate Auto Channel select in the next dialog box and select Radio Channel 4 instead. Press Next to go to the dialog window. 6. Once the Basic Wizard is complete, an overview of the parameters entered is displayed. Exit the wizard with Finish to accept all settings. 7. Restart the SCALANCE W788-1 by clicking System-> Restart. Log on to the web-based management again after the restart. The Basic Wizard is thus complete. The radio network has been configured. 8. The security settings are made in the next steps. Open the Security Wizard by clicking Wizards-> Security. In the first dialog window you can change the administrator password for the webbased management. Skip this setting with Next. 52 Configuration 12, 10/2008

54 No. Instruction Comment 9. In the following step you adopt the default settings. Press Next to go to the dialog window. 10. In the following step you adopt the default settings. Press Next to go to the dialog window. 11. Deactivate the function that clients with different SSID can communicate with each other. The Next window appears after clicking Next. 12. As security level you select Medium (WPA2-PSK) for the interface and AUTO for Cipher. Click Next to go to the next step. Configuration 12, 10/

55 No. Instruction Comment 13. Define a key for encoding the network. Confirm the key a second time. Note: Note the key because it is required for configuring the other module. Click Next to go to the next step. 14. You can exit the Wizard with Next. 15. Close the Security Wizard with Finish. 16. Restart the SCALANCE W788-1 by clicking System-> Restart. Log on to the web-based management again after the restart. The Security Wizard is thus complete. 54 Configuration 12, 10/2008

56 Setting the Data Rate Through the wireless mode g (54Mbps) the access point enables a maximum data rate of 54MBit/s. In order to demonstrate the WMM or iqos function, the bandwidth in the access point is throttled. The maximum data rate of the radio network is restricted to 6MBit/s below. Tabelle 3 13 No. Instruction Comment 1. In the navigation bar you click on Interfaces->WLAN->Data Rates. 2. From 6 MBits on you activate all possible data rates and acknowledge the settings with Set Values. 3. Restart the access point via System->Restart Configuration 12, 10/