Innovo Engineering AEI Submission Mechanical Design Development Submittal

Transcription

1 Innovo Engineering AEI Submission 2013 Mechanical Design Development Submittal 1

2 Table of Contents List of Figures... ii List of Tables... ii 1 Mechanical Design Overview MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW Design Goals SCHOOL HVAC SYSTEM NATATORIUM HVAC SYSTEM PLUMBING FIRE PROTECTION Mechanical System Life Cycle Cost Analysis Primary System Narrative Description BUILDING ORIENTATION/ENVELOPE SCHOOL HVAC SYSTEM WATER TO WASTEWATER HEAT EXCHANGER WATER LOOP HEAT PUMP SYSTEM (WLHP) SOLAR THERMAL PANELS DOAUS SECONDARY SYSTEM NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION WATER LOOP HEAT PUMPS DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION NATATORIUM SYSTEMS PLUMBING FIRE PROTECTION LEED SYSTEM SELECTION RATIONAL BASELINE ENERGY MODEL PROPOSED ENERGY MODEL SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - i

3 6.1 SEWER SOURCE CONDENSER FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION CALCULATIONS NATATORIUM DESIGN CALCULATIONS INDOOR AIR QUALITY APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS PLUMBING CALCULATIONS FIRE PROTECTION References List of Figures Figure 1 3D Model Representation... 1 Figure 2 Water to Wastewater Condenser Setup... 5 Figure 3 Water Loop Design Parameters... 6 Figure 4 Typical Classroom Airside Distribution Plan... 7 Figure 5 Displacement Ventilation Diagram in Heating (a), and Cooling (b)... 8 Figure 6 Typical Fire Protection/ Hydronic Transport Piping Figure 7 Fire Protection/ Hydronic Piping Header Detail (5) Figure 8 HVAC Single line diagram Waterside Figure 9 Dedicated Outdoor Air Supply Airside Single line Diagram List of Tables Table 1 Mechanical System Life Cycle Cost Analysis... 3 Table 2 Proposed Design Incremental LCCA Savings... 4 Table 3 Water to Wastewater Condenser Capacities... 5 Table 4 Mechanical and Plumbing LEED Credit Overview Table 5 Estimated Available Flow in Surrounding Sewers Table 6 Available Power (kw) from Sewer at 1% Slope Table 7 Classroom Displacement Ventilation Calculations Table 8 Applicable Codes and Standards Table 9 Plumbing Consumption Calculations Table 10 Combined FP/ Hydronic Systems February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - ii

4 Innovo Engineering AEI Submission Mechanical Design Overview Innovo Engineering was tasked with design the mechanical systems for a new 91,000 square foot elementary school building in Reading, PA. The Reading School District requested several key items from Innovo with regards to the mechanical system design primarily; energy efficiency, flexibility for future occupancy/ use changes and a Life Cycle Assessment Analysis of the final design. The project requirements also dictated the inclusion of a 6 lane 25 meter pool space within the design. As part of a multidisciplinary integrated design team, Innovo s mechanical group used these design requirements to create a mechanical system that fulfills all of the owner s requirements while minimizing expected total life cycle costs. 1.1 MECHANICAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW The mechanical design for the elementary school is based upon integrated design principles and three overarching goals as defined by the owner s requirements: the building as a teacher, flexible space utilization, and sustainable and efficient design. Our team utilized an integrated design approach beginning with design inception up through final development. The primary method of system determination and selection was the use of parametric analysis comparing multiple system types/ details to determine the lowest life cycle cost. Building systems were also selected based upon several key qualitative criteria including; flexibility, serviceability, and user control. Additionally our team optimized the building placement and orientation to create a new energy asset for the school district to further maximize off season effectiveness through the use of solar photovoltaic and thermal panels on the roof of the building. Figure 1 3D Model Representation The final primary mechanical system is a combination Water Loop Heat Pump (WLHP) system coupled with Dedicated Outdoor Air (DOA) delivery systems. The WLHP February 2013 Mechanical Systems Page M - 1

5 utilizes a unique sewer source heat pump which allows the system to either reject or absorb heat from the surrounding waste water without the use of a boiler or cooling tower. Air is distributed to individual spaces using Displacement Ventilation (DV) techniques which allows for superior indoor air quality and energy efficiency. Mechanical equipment generated noise as well as exterior generated noise was analyzed to create ideal learning environments in each classroom. Innovo also made the decision to place the natatorium space underneath the multipurpose room to allow for savings in multiple areas. The natatorium HVAC system utilizes source capture and exhaust strategies to maximize indoor air quality while minimizing operating costs. 2 Design Goals Innovo s mechanical design team followed an integrated design approach when selecting goals and system requirements. Interdisciplinary decision making was utilized to determine high priorities for integration as well as potential cost saving features. Below is an overview of design goals broken down by system: 2.1 SCHOOL HVAC SYSTEM Design Goal Condition interior spaces to thermal comfort standards and provide high levels of indoor air quality Reduce air borne infection rates frequently present at high levels in school environments. Operate at high levels of part load efficiency during off peak hours. Provide a quiet and efficient learning environment Allow for individual temperature control of classroom environments while maximizing natural ventilation Allow for flexibility in future space changes without extensive system overhaul or rebalancing Mechanical Application Utilize displacement ventilation to increase ventilation effectiveness, deliver high levels of OA to occupants and remove contaminants from breathing zone Utilize occupancy sensors and demand controlled ventilation to limit unnecessary conditioning of spaces when unoccupied Displacement ventilation in conjunction with sound isolating plenums to reduce equipment generated noise Each classroom zone will control its own water loop heat pump, when conditions exist the BAS will alert occupants to open windows Uniformly sized heat pumps allow for minimal need for equipment change, integration of hydronic transport piping with fire protection allows for easier placement of WLHPs 2.2 NATATORIUM HVAC SYSTEM Design Goal Mechanical Application February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 2

6 Control indoor concentrations of chloramines to within acceptable standards Condition space on a 24/7 basis to 80 deg F and 50% RH Respond quickly and efficiently to changing bather loads Minimze Impact of constant natatorium energy usage on overall building energy consumption 2.3 PLUMBING Design Goal Decrease potable water consumption by 40% in comparison to baseline calculations Reduce domestic hot water energy requirements 2.4 FIRE PROTECTION Design Goal Minimize expected impact of system installation on Life Cycle Cost of building Source capture strategies remove chloramines from the space before they enter breathing zone Thermal mass of natatorium walls allow for buffering of quickly changing bather/ occupant loads Integration of pool HVAC and water heating systems into central condenser loop Mechanical Application Specify low flow fixtures and utilze captured rainwater from roof areas for toilet flushing and minimal irrigation Preheat incoming DHW feed through waste heat reclamation and solar thermal preheat Mechanical Application Integrate piping layouts with hydronic transport to minimize redundant system piping 3 Mechanical System Life Cycle Cost Analysis Innovo Engineering carefully examined all decisions as a relation to the overall Life Cycle Cost of the project to the owner. Table 1is an overview of the modeled baseline and final proposed design of the mechanical systems cost for the project. Table 1 Mechanical System Life Cycle Cost Analysis One Time Costs Total Utility Total Utility Total Mechanical Total LCCA Initial Cost LCC PV $ Initial Cost LCC PV $ Initial Cost LCC PV $ LCC PV $ Baseline Design $1,789,000 $1,804,358 $157,089 $1,082,418 $2,500 $17,764 $2,604,021 Proposed Design $2,129,100 $2,058,160 $110,469 $737,257 $5,000 $35,529 $2,521,801 Innovo s primary goal was to design the project to be affordable but to also include all of the features requested by the client. Innovo s design process has resulted in a building that is both desirable, yet economically feasible. Table 2 shows the Incremental LCC savings of the proposed design compared to the baseline. Overall the project s February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 3

7 mechanical systems obtained a 7.3 year simple payback period, and a 16.7 year discounted payback period. Table 2 Proposed Design Incremental LCCA Savings One Time Costs Total Utility Incremental Life Cycle Savings Total Utility Simple Discounted Net Payback Payback Initial Cost LCC PV $ Initial CostLCC PV $ Initial Cost LCC PV $ Savings (Years) (Years) SIR AIRR ($ ) ($ ) $46,620 $345,162 ($-2500) ($-17764) $82, % 4 Primary System Narrative Description 4.1 BUILDING ORIENTATION/ENVELOPE Upon realization that the placement of the Natatorium underneath the multipurpose room would require the building orientation to be rotated 180 our, these requirements had our team focus on an innovative fabric based roofing system. The final system selected was a 2 layer PTFE fabric system with an aerogel material placed in-between. This high performance roofing system allows for the entire gymnasium space to be naturally lit during the daytime, and additionally reduces solar heat gains experienced by the roof in comparison to a traditional built up roofing system due to the high SRI of the fabric roof. The building envelope was targeted early on as an area to reduce overall energy consumption. Prescriptive requirements (1) required that the above grade wall assemblies have an overall R factor of R-13 with continuous insulation of R SCHOOL HVAC SYSTEM WATER TO WASTEWATER HEAT EXCHANGER The primary system selected for the school building was a Water Loop Heat Pump system, with a Water-To-Wastewater (WTW) heat pump utilized as the primary heat source and sink for controlling the loop temperature. The WTW heat pump operates on the same principle as a ground coupled heat pump system, but uses the near constant temperature of sanitary sewer water as a heat source or sink. This is done efficiently through the use of specially constructed sewer pipe with condenser water tubing cast integrally into the pipe wall as shown below in Figure 2. This setup allows for maximum heat transfer between the sewer water and the condenser water without the risk of fouling or contamination. February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 4

8 Figure 2 Water to Wastewater Condenser Setup This system lends itself naturally to the urban environment of Reading, as a constant flow of wastewater is more readily available. Many sewers are old and require replacement, which adds incentive to coordinate efforts on the part of the city. The heat pump system will be sized to the heating load as the heat pumps lower efficiency in heating will require a larger condenser area. A summary of the calculated cooling and heating loads for the finalized design are shown below in Table 3. Table 3 Water to Wastewater Condenser Capacities Based upon these values and heat exchanger performance values provided by the manufacturer in Table 6, the total estimated length of the exchangers is calculated to be roughly 200 meters (660 feet). Heat exchanger locations are shown below in XXX WATER LOOP HEAT PUMP SYSTEM (WLHP) The WLHP system was selected for its superior flexibility and heat recovery abilities. WLHP s operate on the basis of transferring heat around the building through the use of a common condenser water loop. The temperature of the water in the loop varies between degrees throughout the day before heat is either rejected or added to the loop. Each heat pump can reject to or pull heat from the system as its thermostat demands, effectively sharing excess heat (or cool) among spaces that require it. The feature gives the water a certain amount of thermal mass that can store and transfer heat around the building to where it is needed most. In our design the supply loop can February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 5

9 store or disperse nearly 350,000 Btus between its high set point and low set point before heat needs to be either added or rejected from the system. Figure 3 shows the basic design parameters for our final design loop. Figure 3 Water Loop Design Parameters The pumping scheme used for the primary condenser water loop has a full load flow rate of 1350 gpm, which gives the system a total response time of 1.5 minutes. The mechanical design team decided to connect the natatorium loads, as well as solar thermal panels into the system to increase its utility and ability to store or reject heat. Due to the high flow rates expected in loop pipe, a slightly oversized design diameter was used to reduce friction losses and improve system performance. An overall single line of the system is shown in Error! Reference source not found. on page Error! Bookmark not defined. of the Mechanical Submittal SOLAR THERMAL PANELS The final primary component in the hydronic side of the mechanical system is the integrated photovoltaic/ hot water panels placed on the third floor roof of the school. Integrated panels were chosen for two reasons; the first was that the natatorium space requires a near year round supply of heated makeup water to account for water lost through evaporation, amounting to 97 MBtu/yr. This near constant need for hot water is offset by the 200 panels which produce 540 MBtu, the remainder of which is utilized to provide building heat. Off peak and low solar flux days are compensated with instantaneous natural gas fired domestic hot water boilers. The second reason is that any excess heat collected is used to raise the temperature of a hot water storage tank to provide additional buffering capacity for the WLHP system, as well as the pool feed water DOAUS Primary air side equipment consists of three separate VAV Dedicated Outdoor Air Supply (DOAS) sized at 5,000 CFM each, to handle all building ventilation and latent loads as well as a fraction of the sensible loading. The DOAS supply the required amount of ventilation air directly to the WLHP terminal units at 66 F through a small bore duct system. Each class room is exhausted from high level exhaust grilles to help further drive stratification and remove air borne contaminants. Each WLHP terminal unit is attached to a mixing plenum before entering the zone. Each mixing plenum is equipped with a damper and actuator linked to an occupancy sensor allowing for unloading of the DOAS system during low occupancy periods through the use of February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 6

10 demand controlled ventilation. An example of air distribution to each classroom is shown below in Figure SECONDARY SYSTEM NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION The secondary mechanical system is comprised of individual water to air heat pumps, and the displacement ventilation diffusers. Each water-to-air heat pump receives a supply of outside air on the supply side of the heat pump through the mixing plenum. Conditioned return air and outside air is then supplied to the space via displacement diffusers located on the outside wall WATER LOOP HEAT PUMPS Terminal units for each conditioned zone are water source heat pumps attached to the condenser water circuit throughout the building. Each heat pump is controlled by a thermostat in the classroom and is also tied into a Building Automation System (BAS) for monitoring control and metering. Most of the heat pumps are sized at ½ ton with larger heat pumps serving more diverse spaces. Effective learning environments require a delicate balance of temperature, humidity, and noise control. Our team knew that choosing a secondary mechanical system that had a high level of individualized control would be of the utmost importance. It was for this exact reason that we chose water source heat pumps to provide temperature control for the rooms within the school. Horizontal ceiling mounted pumps provide a high level of indoor air quality and flexible control with the building s automation system. A sample duct layout for the water source heat pump layout is shown in Figure 4. Typical classroom loads for unit sizing are shown in Error! Reference source not found. on page Error! Bookmark not defined. in the Supporting Documentation section of the report DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION Figure 4 Typical Classroom Airside Distribution Plan The primary method of air delivery in the building is Displacement Ventilation (DV), which relies on the buoyancy properties of air to deliver fresh air to occupants. February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 7

11 Displacement ventilation is a perfect fit for classrooms and schools in general because of its low noise generation, low energy consumption and high level of ventilation effectiveness. DV systems reduce noise transmission from diffuser generated noise by using lower face velocities (40 fpm) when compared to traditional mixing ventilation (250 fpm). Based on the calculations shown below in Error! Reference source not found., the total width of the exterior wall will be lined with a nine inch high diffuser. Innovo utilized the high ceilings required by the daylighting design to create stratification in the space. During normal operation, only the first six feet of the space are conditioned, allowing for a reduction in cooling and heating energy. When it came to providing adequate ventilation to the space, our team chose the method of displacement ventilation. This system provides low velocity ventilation air at a low level, and relies on buoyancy created by objects within the room to drive the air through the space. Displacement ventilation causes stratification within the space, therefore supplying air only for the occupied portion of the room (the first six feet). This leads to a high level of indoor air quality considering that the air is driven upward, therefore contaminants are also driven to the unoccupied portion of the room volume. Displacement Ventilation was also chosen because of its energy saving and considering that noise control is an enormous obstacle in designing classrooms, the low velocity also helps to reduce excessive noise caused by air movement within ducts. (a) (b) Figure 5 Displacement Ventilation Diagram in Heating (a), and Cooling (b) 4.4 NATATORIUM SYSTEMS Due to the large amount of the building placed below grade, limiting ground coupled heat losses was a critical element of design, especially in the Natatorium space. It is in this space with high conditioning loads that the primary walls exposed to the ground and exterior utilize Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF). In conjunction with the structural team, an 8 ICF was utilized which creates a continuously insulated wall surface with an overall R value of 22. Compared to the minimum required by the prescriptive methods of R-7.5. Additionally the ICF walls constitute a large thermal mass which helps buffer February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 8

12 large swings in space loading and allows the Natatorium mechanical equipment to run at a much more consistent level. 4.5 PLUMBING The plumbing system for the school was selected based upon standard materials and values specified by the 2009 International Plumbing Code. Our baseline plumbing values are based upon these specifications, and reduced through the use of water saving fixtures. We reduced our toilet water consumption by nearly 50% through the selection of a dual low-flush toilet. Our team also chose to add waterless urinals, which have 100% reduction in water consumption. Our final measure was adding aerated faucets, which reduce consumption by 42%. With these changes to the initial design, our team managed to reduce our overall domestic water use by 59% This reduction allowed us compliance with LEED requirements for water usage. In addition to reducing water utilized for fixtures, our team decided to take advantage of rainwater harvesting, through the use of a system of conduit leading from the traditional roofs as well as our two green roofs. This conduit leads to a 20,000 gallon cistern that is located in the lower level of the building. The cistern will provide ample graywater, which will be utilized as a non-potable source of water for the toilets within the building as well as the irrigation for the green space surrounding the building. The toilets within the building utilize a maximum of 1500 gallons of water per day. This measure significantly reduces the need for domestic water, with the consideration that the graywater will be stored for a maximum of 72 hours after rainfall. The cistern will drain at a steady rate based upon the amount of time that the water has remained in the container. Due to complications with the usage of chemical laden dish washing products and hand soaps, our team chose not to collect water from faucets and dishwashers throughout the school. 4.6 FIRE PROTECTION Design of the fire protection system was of the foremost importance when integrating our building components. Considering the high occupancy of our building, we ensured compliance with IBC and NFPA. The water source heat pumps that will be utilized in the rooms of the building provide an excellent opportunity to integrate our sprinkler system. For this reason, we chose to utilize a hydronic thermal transport system. The basic layout of the integration of this system is shown in Figure 6. This will reduce the amount of piping needed throughout the building, which will result in a lower first cost for our client. Standard split fire and hydronic piping has a total estimated cost of $1.41 per SF where the integrated hydronic and fire suppression system has an estimated total cost of $0.88 per SF, a 63 % savings. Cost comparisons are shown in Table 10 on page 16 in the supporting documentation. February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 9

13 4.7 LEED Figure 6 Typical Fire Protection/ Hydronic Transport Piping Innovo performed an analysis to determine the total number of estimated LEED credits obtained by the mechanical section under LEED for schools 2009 New Construction and Major renovation. Overall the project achieved 95 LEED credits for a final LEED certification level of Platinum. 63 of those credits were contributed by either the mechanical or plumbing systems. Shown below is a summary of the LEED credits obtained by the design and their basis in the Mechanical and Plumbing systems of the building. Table 4 Mechanical and Plumbing LEED Credit Overview February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 10

14 5 SYSTEM SELECTION RATIONAL Parametric modeling was utilized to realize the impact of all mechanical design decisions. Not only did this provide real information so LCC could be calculated but it also cut down on unnecessary decision making practices. Mechanical systems were selected based upon ability to fulfill minimum system requirements for size as well as applicability to qualitative criteria BASELINE ENERGY MODEL Innovo created a baseline model to benchmark all energy improvement procedures against. Utilizing parametric modeling Innovo changed numerous parameters and observed their effect on the building s energy performance. Items that had a negative effect on the energy performance were discarded, and those that decreased energy consumption were added to the proposed model. Baseline Energy consumption figures are as follows: Lighting- 269,000 kwh Receptacle Euip- 87,645 kwh Space Heating kwh Space Cooling kWh Pumps and Auxiliary 7335kWh Fans -156,255 kwh Domestic Hot Water 5353kWh February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 11

15 5.1.2 PROPOSED ENERGY MODEL Innovo created a final proposed model with the following consumption figures. Solar specialties were not counted in the final proposed model due to modeling variances, however they were created outside of the modeling software and their effects were accounted for in the life cycle analysis. Lighting kwh Receptacle Euip- 87,645 kwh Space Heating- 63,744 kwh Space Cooling- 176,857kWh Pumps and Auxiliary kWh Fans -46,339 kwh Domestic Hot Water 8,659kWh This proposed energy model documents a reduction in energy consumption of 56% over an ASHRAE 90.1 compliant building. Due to increases in electrical consumption the overall cost of energy decreases only by 30% in comparison to the baseline. More information about the final energy consumption of the building can be found in the Electrical Design Submission. 6 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION 6.1 SEWER SOURCE CONDENSER Existing city infrastructure combined with poor site soil conditions lead the design team to explore alternative sources of heat rejection infrastructure. The dense urban environment of Reading prompted Innovo to utilize a sewer source heat exchanger. Innovo made several assumptions about the flow available in the surrounding sewers based off the limited information provided by client provided drawings in combination with sewer drawings of the site. Flow rate assumptions follow as such: 1. the old sewer system was at or near maximum capacity would be eventually replaced in the near future and upgraded as part of the reading sewer capital improvement project. 2. As N 13 th Street is a main artery our team assumed that any trunk sewers would be located under this street. 3. Minimum and maximum velocities 4. Additionally based on minimum flow rates an available to prevent settlement (2) The required minimum diameter and flow rate for the sewer source heat exchanger is 16 and 160 GPM. February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 12

16 6.1.1 FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS Information provided by Rabtherm (3) on the minimum sized system show total capacities for the minimum assumed flow rates below in Table 5. While no large trunk sewers exist in the surrounding area, possible near capacity sewers could be upgraded to the required 16 diameter for the purposes of this project. Table 5 Estimated Available Flow in Surrounding Sewers Inner Diameter (in.) Actual Slope ft/ft Required Minimum Flow (GPM) Available Minimum Flow (GPM)* Available Maximum Flow(GPM)** Pipe Location Existing conditions 12th Street " th Street Proposed Conditions th Street * Assumed min velocity of 1 FPS **Assumed Nominal velocity of 4 FPS Length Available (ft) Table 6 shows the available pre heat pump extraction power available from a 16 sewer at 1% slope. Innovo s assumption of approximately 67% occupancy during the peak summer months computes to a peak cooling load of 4.96 MBtu/hr or roughly Table 6 Available Power (kw) from Sewer at 1% Slope Length of Heat Exchanger (m) Sewer Diameter (mm) 400 Winter Summer Wastewater flow = 12 L/s DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION CALCULATIONS All displacement ventilation values were calculated using equations developed by ASHRAE (4). Table 7 shows basic values calculated to determine the requirements of a room serviced by displacement ventilation. February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 13

17 Table 7 Classroom Displacement Ventilation Calculations Typical Classroom Displacement Ventilation Calculation Design Considerations Units Calculated Values Units Occupants 26 People Airflow Rate (Clg Load) 822 CFM Set-Point 74 F Fresh Airflow Rate 295 CFM Floor Area 784 sqft Supply Air Temp 66 F Exterior Wall Area 336 sqft Return Air Temp 82 F q(oz) 6,808 BTU/h Area of Unit 21 SF q(l) 2,132 BTU/h Height of Cooling Section 9 in q(ex) 4,905 BTU/h Height of Heating Section 9 in q(t) 13,845 BTU/h Total Required Length 28 q(t) 17.7 BTU/h/sqft Total Number of Units NATATORIUM DESIGN CALCULATIONS Natatorium design revolves primarily around removing the evaporated pool water from the air. Depending on the activity level of the bathers in the pool this can permit high levels of INDOOR AIR QUALITY Outdoor Air Calculations OA Rate 0.48 CFM/SF OA RAte 7.5 CFM/ Spectator Minimum OA Reqd. 3,964 CFM Spectator OA Reqd. 1,875 CFM Total 5,839 CFM Exhaust Quantity 110% of OA flow Total Exhaust 6,423 CFM Low End 4 ACH High End 6 ACH Total Flow LACH 11,491 CFM Total Flow HACH 17,237 CFM 6.4 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS Innovo utilized numerous resources during the design development. Table 8 is a list containing required codes and standards as well as other items cited frequently throughout design. February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 14

18 Table 8 Applicable Codes and Standards Applicable Codes and Standards # Code Name Primary Usage 1 ASHRAE International Mechanical Code, 2009 Energy Consumption compliance, baseline energy model compliance General Mechanical code compliance 3 National Fire Protection Code 13 Fire Protection code compliance 4 ASHRAE X Indoor Air Quality standard 5 ASHRAE Thermal Comfort Standard 6 LEED 2009 For Schools New Construction and Major Renovation Other References Sustainable design benchmarking guidelines 7 10 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide 50% for K-12 School Buildings 8 ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2007 General construction guidelines, perscriptive standard for LEED credits Pool Evaporation calculations and general guidance. 9 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Pool system design guidance ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment, 2012 WLHP design assistance, general HVAC guidance 11 Price Fundamentals of HVAC Displacement ventilation assistance, general HVAC guidance February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 15

19 6.5 PLUMBING CALCULATIONS 6.6 FIRE PROTECTION Table 9 Plumbing Consumption Calculations Baseline Proposed Total Building Water Usage 13,600 5,600 Water Closet Water Usage XXX 1,500 gpd Total Fixture Flow Rate 1,660 gpm Reduction 0 59% Water Consuming Feature Toilet Gallons per use 3.5 Dual Flush Toilet 1.6 Standard Urinal 3.0 Waterless Urinal 0.0 Standard Faucet 1.8 Water Saving Faucet 0.8 Table 10 Combined FP/ Hydronic Systems Installed Cost Comparison Pipe Diameter Length of Pipe Installed Cost Separate Systems Hydronic Piping $5, $76,000 Fire Protection $84,000 Total Installed Cost $165,000 Combined Systems Hydronic/ FP $28, $76,000 Total Installed Cost $104,000 Savings ($) Savings(%) $61,000 63% February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 16

20 Figure 7 Fire Protection/ Hydronic Piping Header Detail (5) February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 17

21 Innovo Engineering AEI Submission 2013 Figure 8 HVAC Single line diagram Waterside1 February 2013 Mechanical Systems Page M - 18

22 Innovo Engineering AEI Submission 2013 Figure 9 Dedicated Outdoor Air Supply Airside Single line Diagram February 2013 Mechanical Systems Page M - 19

23 References 1. ASHRAE. 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings. Atlanta : ASHRAE, Bizer, Paul. Hydraulic Design of Sewers. [book auth.] ASCE. Gravity Sewer Design Manual. 2nd. Atlanta : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007, p Studer, Urs. Rabtherm Energy System Heat Exchanger Performance in public sewers. Salzberg : RABTHERM Energy Systems, Chen, Q, et al., et al. Final Report for ASHRAE RP-949: Performance evaluation and development of design guidelines for displacement ventilation. Cambridge : Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Integration of Hydronic Thermal Transport Systems with Fire Supression Systems. Janus, Walter M. P.E. 2001, ASHRAE Transactions, pp Pennsylvania Department of Environemntal Protection. [book auth.] PADEP. Domestic Wastewater Facilities Manual. Harrisburg : s.n., 1997, p Overview of Integrating Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems with Parallel Terminal Systems. Mumma, Ph.D, P.E., Stanley A. 2001, ASHRAE Transactions, pp Roofmeadow. Details and Specs. [Online] Roofmeadow, Environmental Protection Agency. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. [Online] USEPA, September 5, sults&view=specific&bmp= ASHRAE. Applied Heat Pumps and Heat Recovery Systems. HVAC Systems and Equipment. Atlanta : ASHRAE, Comfort Applications: Natatoriums. HVAC Applications. Atlanta : ASHRAE, Comfort Applications: K-12 Schools. HVAC Applications. Atlanta : ASHRAE, February 2013 Mechanical Systems M - 20