Effect of viscosity on C sugar in Beet sugar factories

Transcription

1 ANNUAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORDIC RHEOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL. 16, 2008 Effect of on C sugr in Beet sugr fctories Mohmmd Hojjtoleslmy 1, Rez Shokrni 2 nd Ahmd Krsi 3 1 Deprtment of food technology, College of griculture, Shhre Kord rnch, Islmic Azd University, Shhre Kord, IRAN 2 College of Agriculture, Isfhn University of Technology, Isfhn, IRAN 3 College of Agriculture, Shirz University, Shirz, IRAN ABSTRACT According to the Fick s lw, ffects mss trnsfer velocity. For studying effect of on C-sugr, reducing gent nmely Urnus CB9 in three levels dded to C mssecuite in pn oiling opertion. After finishing oiling opertion nd refrigertion period, effect of these levels on qulittive specifictions of C- sugr nd of molsses studied. During first cmpign period held t 23 Septemer to 23 Octoer (sugr eet hsn t ripened nd hs poor qulity), ddition of 150 ppm Urnus CB9 led to mssecuite mtrix (Mother liquor) dropping from to poise t 40 C. This cused decresing C-sugr s color from 2653 to 1140 IU, conductivity sh from % to % nd molsses from to poise. In second operting period which sugr eet reched to enough mturtion, fter ddition 150 ppm Urnus CB9 of mtrix decresed from to poise. Viscosity reduction cused decresing of C- sugr color from 1447 to 1136 IU, conductivity sh from % to % nd molsses from to poise. On the sis of these results, using Urnus CB9 nd other reducing gents, recommended for incresing of C-sugr nd eet sugr processing qulity. INTRODUCTION Fick`s lw expressed sustnce diffusion in mss trnsfer phenomoni (Eq. 1) (1) Where: d s = Weight of dissolved sustnce through re A D f = Diffusion coefficient which depends on temperture ccording to Einstein correltion (Eq. 2) Concentrted grdient of dissolved sustnce (2) Where: k'= Constnt for the dissolved sustnce T= Asolute temperture η= Viscosity of solution (9) According to the equtions 1 nd 2 ffect on crystl growth in pn nd crystlliztion (13, 14). The rte of crystlliztion determined y degree of supersturtion, temperture, crystl surfce re nd nture of impurities. The is lso influenced y the sme fctors (Fig. 1) nd the limit to which the mssecuite cn e cooled depends on ility of the crystlliztion to hndle the mteril physiclly t high. Viscosity is

2 therefore dominting fctor in the technology of the process (1). Figure 1. Effect of temperture nd dry sustnce contents on the dynmic viscosities of cne nd eet molsses (12) It is recognized tht the limit to the molsses exhustion is often the moility of fctory equipment to hndle high mssecuite (11). In 1871, Feltz expressed tht is the min fctor in molsses formultion (8). The of n individul molsses smple my e very different from tht verge molsses. It is lower t higher lkli slt concentrtion nd higher with incresed content of polyschrids (dextrn, levn, strch pectin frgments etc) nd lkli erth ions.the cn e considerly lowered y the ddition of ure (12). By ddition 2% clcium cette molsses reduced from 70 to 50 poise nd molsses nd molsses purity decresed 0.87% (4). Ehrenerg used Intrsol FK, y ddition this gent molsses reduced nd fcilte centrifuge performnce (3). Kringer used reducing gents (pn id) nmely Hodg CB6 nd Intrsol FK. Addition of these mterils led to molsses`s purity reduction (6, 7). Chou compred some reducing gents Flo1, Flo2, Flo3 nd Hodg CB6 nd explined y incresing concentrtion of them molsses purity reduced. He used 0, 50, 100 nd 150ppm concentrtion (2). Srinvnsn et l. expressed tht y ddition 8 kg reducing gent nmely Super A30 in 8ton cpcity pn 0.8% purity of molsses decresed nd purity of sugr incresed y 0.7% (15). Plnius compred GMS-S, Verin nd Intrsol FK nd expressed tht GMS-S in 200ppm concentrtion is more effective thn others nd recommended use of this gent for sugr fctories (10). MATERIAL AND METHOD Chhrmhl sugr fctory cmpign divided to two period. First period strted t 23 Septemer to 23 Octoer which sugr eet hsn`t ripened nd hs poor qulity nd second period strted t 24 Octoer to 24 Novemer which sugr eet hs ripened enough. Viscosity reducing gent nmely Urnus CB9 dded to pn oiling stge y concentrtion 0, 50, 100 nd 150 ppm in three repliction. During the study ll centrifuge stge conditions remin constnt. After molsses exhustion Brix (ºBx) determined y S&H DUR digitl refrctometer (±0.01) nd sucrose content (ºZ) determined y Dr. Wolfgng Kernchen sucromt (±0.01). The purity clculted y eqution 3.

3 (3) C-sugr color determined y ICUMSA method GS1/3-7nd conductivity sh determined y ICUMSA method GS1/2/3/4/7/8-13. Molsses nd mtrix determined y using cylindricl viscometer HAAKE Rotovico R12 t 40ºC. results nlysed y Duncn multiple rnge test t 95% confidence level RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Reltionship etween of molsses nd Urnus CB9 dosge presented in tles 1 nd 2. Tle 1. Reltionship etween of molsses nd Urnus CB9 dosge in first cmpign period Urnus CB9 dosge (ppm) Molsses Mtrix Tle 2. Reltionship etween of molsses nd Urnus CB9 dosge in second cmpign period Urnus CB9 dosge (ppm) Molsses Mtrix c c c d As shown in tle 1, y incresing Urnus CB9 content, ws reduced in oth first nd second cmpign period. Minimum otined y dding 150ppm Urnus CB9 to pn oiling in the second cmpign period. Chnges in sugr eet qulity in second period Urnus CB9 cuse more efficient reduction. Figures 2 nd 3 show s reduces, color decresed in oth first nd second period which ffects on processing qulity. In spite of color decrese in the first period ecuse of wide vrince rnge, results hve no significnt sttisticl difference ut in second period results show more difference in lower thn 160 poise. Mximum color decresed in the second period due to enough ripening Color (IU) Fig. 2. Reltionship etween color nd vrition in first cmpign period 1500 Color (IU) r=-0.99, R 2 = Fig. 3. Reltionship etween color nd vrition in second cmpign period r=-0.94, R 2 =0.89 High color in first cmpign period my resulted y low rw juice purity nd high nitrogen content in erly cmpign dys which led to increse rowning rections. Urnus CB9 ws more effective in first period ut high initil color cuse higher

4 color even fter ddition of 150ppm Urnus CB9. Figures 4 nd 5 show s reduced, sh content lso decresed. As descried previously, low rw juice purity cused y high non sugr content eg. proteins, lkline elements nd pectic sustnces. 0.8 Ash % c c r=-0.98, R 2 = Fig. 4. Effect of reduction on C-sugr sh content in first period REFERENCES 1- Chou, C. C. (2000), "Hndook of Sugr Refining", John Wiley nd Sons Inc. New York. p Chou, J. C. (1974), Reduction of Molsses Viscosity y Surfce Active Chemicls", Int. Sugr J., 76, Ehrenerg, J. (1968), "The Improving of Sugr Production Using Wetting Agent", Zucker, 21, Glno, P. J., Gonzlez, C. R., nd Jimenes, L. (1978), "Evloution of Surfce Active Agents in Process of Sugr Crystlliztion y Exhustion in Industril Scle", Centro Azucr, 11, ICUMSA Method Book. (2007). Brten`s Pu. Berlin Ash % c r=-0.99, R 2 = Kringer, O. (1972), "Boiling Low Grde Production with Addition of Intrsol FK Wetting gent", Zucker, 21, Fig. 5. Effect of reduction on C-sugr sh content in second period Color nd sh of C-sugr gretly depended on good molsses seprtion in continues centrifuges. Viscosity reduction improved centrifuges opertion nd non sugr seprtion. Good process djustment nd reducing gents consumption my prevent hrmful effects of. 7- Kringer, O. (1972), The Using of Wetting Agents for Boiling Low Qulity Rw Product", Cukripr, 2, McGinnis, R. A. (1978), "Exhustion of Beet molsses. Sugr Tech. Rev., 5, McGinnis, R. A. (1982), "Beet Sugr Technology", Beet Sugr Development Foundtion Pu., Fort Collins. p Michels, A. S., nd Colville, A. R. (1960), "The Effect of Surfce Active Agents on Crystl Growth Rte nd Crystl Hit", J. Phys. Chem., 69, Rein, P. (2007), "Cne Sugr Engineering", Brten`s Pu.

5 12- Vn der Poel, P. W., Shiveck, H., nd Schwrtz, T. (1998). "Sugr Technology", Brten`s Pu. Berlin. p Vnhook, A. (1945), "The Diffusivities of Concentrted Sucrose Solution", J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vnhook, A. (1945). "Kinetics of Sucrose crystlliztion", Ind. Eng. Chem. 37, Srinvnsn, S., Chinppn, N., Lokiromn, R., Sengutun, R., Dervj, V., nd Srinvnsn, C. (1982), " A Study on Use Super A30 Surfce Active Chemicl Better Sustitue for Low Grde Mssecuite for Better Exhustility of Finl Molsses", Proc. 46 th Annul Con