Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. Page

Transcription

1 Pest Control in Crops Grown in Northwestern New Mexico, 2014 Annul Dt Report Richrd N. Arnold, Michel K. O Neill, Dniel Smel, Kevin Lomrd, nd Mrgret West 1 Coopertive Extension Service College of Agriculturl, Consumer nd Environmentl Sciences Tle of Contents Pge Introduction...1 BASF, Prixor Applictions for Estlished Roundup Redy Alflf Production... 2 BASF, Brodlef Weed Control in Field Corn with Preemergence Followed y Sequentil Postemergence Hericides... 2 Byer CropScience, Brodlef Weed Control in Field Corn with Preemergence Followed y Sequentil Postemergence Hericides... 3 References... 8 Notice to Users of This Report... 8 INTRODUCTION Weeds cuse more totl crop losses thn ny other griculturl pest (Lorenzi nd Jeffery, 1987). Weeds reduce crop yields nd qulity, hror insects nd plnt diseses, nd cuse irrigtion nd hrvesting prolems (Anonymous, 1986; Chndler et l., 1984; Lorenzi nd Jeffery, 1987), reducing the totl vlue of griculturl products y 10 15% in the United Sttes (Lorenzi nd Jeffery, 1987). Estimted verge losses during in the potentil production of field corn, pottoes, nd onion rnged from 7 16% in the Mountin Sttes Region, which includes New Mexico (Chndler et l., 1984). Sn Jun County rnks first in potto production, second in lflf production, nd fourth in corn production (USDA nd New Mexico Agriculturl Sttistic Service, 1998). An estimted 90% of ll tillge opertions re for weed control (Anonymous, 1986). Hericides cn reduce the numer of tillge opertions necessry, nd cn e used where cultivtion is not possile, such s within crop rows or in solid-seeded crops. Due to incresing fuel nd lor costs, hericides re often more economicl thn other methods of weed control. Mny hericides re pproved for use on gronomic crops grown on medium- nd fine-textured, highorgnic soils. Little informtion, however, is ville regrding their effectiveness nd sfety on low-orgnic, corse-textured soils tht re common to northwestern New Mexico. The Environmentl Protection Agency (EPA) hs ecome more stringent with regrd to reserch dt required for pesticide pprovl. Thus, it hs ecome criticl tht stte griculturl science centers work closely with commercil compnies developing new pesticides in order to otin the reserch dt required y EPA. This coopertion will enefit the griculturl industry of the stte nd ssist EPA pesticide registrtion. Before 1980, the use of hericides in northwestern New Mexico ws limited. Most growers were still using 2,4-D in corn for rodlef weed control, while nnul grsses were left in check. In lflf, urning winter nnul mustrd nd downy rome with propne ws not uncommon. An hericide field-screening progrm hs provided essentil informtion on the ctivity of new nd old hericides on crops grown in northwestern New Mexico. As new lnd on the Nvjo Indin Irrigtion Project comes under cultivtion, weed prolems re vried nd my chnge with ech successive crop. It is only through continued reserch tht the demnd for relile informtion on the use of pesticides in northwestern New Mexico cn e met. The uthor wishes to express his sincere pprecition to the following compnies for providing technicl ssistnce, products, nd/or finncil ssistnce: Byer Crop- Science, BASF, Monsnto, Dow AgroSciences, Nvjo Agriculturl Products Industry, Pioneer Hi-Bred, nd Southwest Seed. PEST CONTROL GRANT FUND Pest Control Mngement Ojectives Determine efficcy of registered nd non-registered pesticides for control of weeds in griculturl crops grown in northwestern New Mexico. 1 Respectively, College Professor, Deprtment of Entomology, Plnt Pthology nd Weed Science, nd Superintendent, Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington; Professor, Deprtment of Plnt nd Environmentl Sciences; College Professor, Deprtment of Plnt nd Environmentl Sciences; Associte Professor, Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington; nd Agriculturl Reserch Scientist, Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, New Mexico Stte University. To find more resources for your usiness, home, or fmily, visit the College of Agriculturl, Consumer nd Environmentl Sciences on the World Wide We t ces.nmsu.edu

2 BASF, Prixor Applictions for Estlished Roundup Redy Alflf Production Introduction Prixor ( fungicide) ws introduced y BASF to help growers control diseses nd improve overll plnt helth. Prixor is fst-cting nd delivers high level of ctivity on more thn 50 mjor diseses tht cn threten yield nd crop qulity. It helps prevent diseses nd provides protection for more thn 90 crops. Field trils were conducted to evlute Prixor pplictions to estlished Roundup Redy lflf nd yield potentil under two different cutting schedules. Ojective Determine Prixor potentil s plnt helth fungicide when pplied in etween cuttings nd effect on lflf yield nd qulity. Mterils nd methods A field experiment ws conducted in 2014 t Frmington, NM, to evlute the response of Prixor fungicide pplied to estlished Roundup Redy lflf (DeKl DKA41-18RR) in etween cuttings nd to evlute Prixor potentil to increse yield. Soils were Dok silt lom with ph of 7.4 nd n orgnic mtter content of less thn 0.5%. Soils were fertilized ccording to New Mexico Stte University recommendtions sed on soil tests. The experimentl design ws rndomized complete lock with six replictions. Individul plots were 4 ft wide y 30 ft long. Tretments were pplied with compressed ir ckpck spryer clirted to deliver 30 gl/c t 35 psi. Tle 1 indictes Prixor ppliction dtes nd cutting schedules. Alflf ws hrvested with n Almco self-propelled plot hrvester. Results otined were sujected to nlysis of vrince t P = Results nd discussion Prixor ppliction nd yield: There were no significnt differences mong tretments for yield of ny cutting schedule. Applying Prixor t 4 oz/c efore the 1st, 2nd, nd 3rd; 2nd nd, 3rd; nd just efore 1st nd 3rd cuttings yielded 0.3 to 0.5 t/c more lflf thn the no Prixor tretment (Tle 2). These reserch plots contined tremendous mount of gopher dmge. BASF, Brodlef Weed Control in Field Corn with Preemergence Followed y Sequentil Postemergence Hericides Introduction Mny hericides cn e used in sequentil tretments. These trils re preemergence hericides followed y sequentil postemergence tretments. If weeds escpe the preemergence tretment, postemergence tretment my then e used to ssist in weed control. Ojectives Determine efficcy of selected hericides for control of nnul rodlef weeds in field corn. Determine corn tolernce to selected hericides nd yield. Mterils nd methods A field experiment ws conducted in 2014 t Frmington, NM, to evlute the response of field corn (Pioneer PO365AM) nd nnul rodlef weeds to preemergence followed y sequentil lte postemergence hericides. Soils were Dok silt lom with ph of 7.4 nd n orgnic mtter content of less thn 0.3%. Soils were fertilized ccording to New Mexico Stte University recommendtions sed on soil tests. The experimentl design ws rndomized complete lock with six replictions. Individul plots were four, 30-in. rows 30 ft long. Tretments were pplied with compressed ir ckpck spryer clirted to deliver 30 gl/c t 35 psi. Field corn ws plnted with flexi-plnters equipped with disk openers on My 13. The preemergence hericide ws pplied on My 14 nd immeditely incorported with 0.75 inch of sprinkler-pplied wter. Soils hd mximum nd minimum temperture of 70 nd 54 F. Postemergence tretments were pplied on June 10 t the V-4 or V-5 lef stge nd weeds were smll (less thn 2 to 4 in.). Air temperture mximum nd minimum during postemergence pplictions were 81 nd 53 F. Blck nightshde, Plmer mrnth, nd prostrte pigweed infesttions were hevy nd common lmsqurters, lck nightshde, nd Russin thistle infesttions were moderte throughout the experimentl re. Preemergence tretments were rted visully for crop injury nd weed control on June 10. Preemergence followed y sequentil postemergence tretments were rted visully for weed control on July 10. Stnd counts were mde on June 10 y counting individul plnts per 10 ft of the third row of ech plot. Field corn ws hrvested on Novemer 10 y comining the center two rows of ech plot using John Deere 4420 comine equipped with lod cell. Results otined were sujected to nlysis of vrince t P = Results nd discussion Weed control nd injury evlutions: Crop injury evlutions nd stnd counts re given in Tle 3. Weed control evlutions re given in Tles 3 nd 4. There ws no crop injury nd there were no significnt differences mong tretments for stnd count (Tle 3). On June 10, Verdict plus trzine plus Roundup Power- MAX plus AMS plus MSO pplied preemergence t Annul Dt Report Pge 2

3 12 plus 16 plus 22 plus 38 plus 80 oz/c gve excellent control of ll weeds. On July 10, ll tretments except the weedy check gve excellent control of Plmer mrnth, prostrte pigweed, common lmsqurters, nd lck nightshde. Armezon plus MSO plus AMS pplied postemergence t 0.5 plus 38 nd 80 oz/c only gve 86% control of Russin thistle (Tle 4). Crop yields: Yields re given in Tle 4. Yields were 243 to 264 u/c higher in the hericide-treted plots s compred to the weedy check (Tle 4). Byer CropScience, Brodlef Weed Control in Field Corn with Preemergence Followed y Sequentil Postemergence Hericides Introduction Mny hericides cn e used in sequentil tretments. These trils re preemergence hericides followed y sequentil postemergence tretments. If weeds escpe the preemergence tretment, postemergence tretment my then e used to ssist in weed control. Ojectives Determine efficcy of selected hericides for control of nnul rodlef weeds in field corn. Determine corn tolernce to select hericides nd yield. Mterils nd methods A field experiment ws conducted in 2014 t Frmington, NM, to evlute the response of field corn (Pioneer PO365AM) nd nnul rodlef weeds to preemergence nd preemergence followed y sequentil postemergence hericides. Soils were Dok silt lom with ph of 7.4 nd n orgnic mtter content of less thn 0.3%. Soils were fertilized ccording to New Mexico Stte University recommendtions sed on soil tests. The experimentl design ws rndomized complete lock with three replictions. Individul plots were four 30-in. rows 30 ft long. Tretments were pplied with compressed ir ckpck spryer clirted to deliver 30 gl/c t 35 psi. Field corn ws plnted with flexiplnters equipped with disk openers on My 13. Preemergence hericides were pplied on My 14 nd immeditely incorported with 0.75 in. of sprinklerpplied wter. Soil hd mximum nd minimum temperture of 70 nd 54 F. Postemergence tretments were pplied on June 10 when field corn ws in the third to fifth lef stge nd weeds were smll (less thn 2 in.). Air temperture mximum nd minimum during postemergence pplictions ws 81 nd 53 F. Blck nightshde, Plmer mrnth, nd prostrte pigweed infesttions were hevy nd common lmsqurters nd Russin thistle infesttions were moderte throughout the experimentl re. Preemergence tretments were rted visully for crop injury nd weed control on June 10. Preemergence followed y sequentil postemergence tretments were rted visully for weed control on July 11. Stnd counts were mde on June 10 y counting individul plnts per 10 ft of the third row of ech plot. Field corn ws hrvested on Novemer 5 y comining the center two rows of ech plot using John Deere 4420 comine equipped with lod cell. Results otined were sujected to nlysis of vrince t P = Results nd discussion Weed control nd injury evlutions: Crop injury evlutions nd stnd counts re given in Tle 5. Weed control evlutions re given in Tles 5 nd 6. There ws no crop injury nd there were no significnt differences mong tretments for stnd count (Tle 5). On June 10, ll preemergence tretments except the weedy check gve excellent control of rodlef weeds (Tle 5). All preemergence followed y sequentil postemergence tretments gve excellent control of Plmer mrnth, prostrte pigweed, lck nightshde, Russin thistle, nd common lmsqurters (Tle 6). Crop yields: Yields re given in Tle 6. Yields were 227 to 244 u/c higher in the hericide-treted plots s compred to the weedy check (Tle 6). Annul Dt Report Pge 3

4 Tle 1. Appliction of Prixor Applied to Cuttings of DKA41-18RR Roundup Redy Alflf; NMSU Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, NM, 2014 Tretments Appliction Dte Cutting Dte Prixor cut 1 April 23 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor cut 2 June 30 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor cut 3 July 24 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor cuts 1 nd 2 April 23, June 30 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor cuts 1 nd 3 April 23, July 24 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor cuts 2 nd 3 June 30, July 24 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor cuts 1, 2, nd 3 April 23, June 30, July 24 June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 No Prixor June 6 July 10 August 15 Septemer 19 Prixor pplied t 4 oz/c with n non-ionic surfctnt t 12 oz/c. Tle 2. Yield of DKA41-18RR Roundup Redy Alflf from Prixor Applied t Different Cuttings; NMSU Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, NM, 2014 Tretments Yield (t/c) Per Cutting Totl (t/c) Prixor cut Prixor cut Prixor cut Prixor cuts 1 nd Prixor cuts 1 nd Prixor cuts 2 nd Prixor cuts 1, 2, nd No Prixor LSD 0.05 ns ns ns ns Prixor pplied t 6 oz/c with n non-ionic surfctnt t 12 oz/c. t/c = tons/c nd is sed on 20% moisture content. Annul Dt Report Pge 4

5 Tle 3. Control of Annul Brodlef Weeds with Preemergence Hericides in Pioneer PO365AM Field Corn on June 10; NMSU Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, NM, 2014 Weed Control,c Tretments Rte (oz/c) Stnd Count (no.) Crop Injury Amp Aml Solni Sskr Chel Verdict + trzine + Roundup PowerMAX + AMS + MSO Weedy check LSD 0.05 ns AMS = mmonium sulfte, MSO = methylted seed oil. Bsed on visul scle from 0 100, where 0 = no control or crop injury nd 100 = ded plnts. c Amp = Plmer mrnth, Aml = prostrte pigweed, Solni = lck nightshde, Sskr = Russin thistle, nd Chel = common lmsqurters. Tle 4. Control of Annul Brodlef Weeds with Preemergence Followed y Sequentil Postemergence Hericides in Pioneer PO365AM Field Corn on July 10; NMSU Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, NM, 2014 Weed Control,c Tretments Rte (oz/c) Amp Aml Solni Sskr Chel Yield (u/c) Verdict + trzine + Roundup PowerMAX + AMS + MSO/ Sttus + Roundup PowerMAX + AMS + MSO / Armezon + MSO + AMS Armezon + trzine + Armezon + Clrity + Armezon + Bsgrn + Armezon + Bsgrn + Armezon + Bsgrn Weedy check LSD First tretment pplied preemergence, then slsh followed y sequentil postemergence tretment. The rest of the tretments were pplied postemergence. AMS = mmonium sulfte, MSO = methylted seed oil. Bsed on visul scle from 0 100, where 0 = no control or crop injury nd 100 = ded plnts. c Amp = Plmer mrnth, Aml = prostrte pigweed, Solni = lck nightshde, Sskr = Russin thistle, nd Chel = common lmsqurters. Annul Dt Report Pge 5

6 Tle 5. Control of Annul Brodlef Weeds with Preemergence Hericides in Pioneer PO365AM Field Corn on June 10; NMSU Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, NM, 2014 Tretments Rte (oz/c) Stnd Count (no.) Crop Injury Weed Control, Amp Aml Solni Sskr Chel Corvus + trzine Blnce Flexx + trzine Corvus + trzine Blnce Flexx + trzine Lumx Hrness Xtr Verdict Weedy check LSD 0.05 ns Bsed on visul scle from 0 100, where 0 = no control or crop injury nd 100 = ded plnts. Amp = Plmer mrnth, Aml = prostrte pigweed, Solni = lck nightshde, Sskr = Russin thistle, nd Chel = common lmsqurters. Annul Dt Report Pge 6

7 Tle 6. Control of Annul Brodlef Weeds with Preemergence Followed y Sequentil Postemergence Hericides in Pioneer PO365AM Field Corn on July 11; NMSU Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington, NM, 2014 Tretments Rte (oz/c) Weed Control,c Amp Aml Solni Sskr Chel Corvus + trzine Blnce Flexx + trzine Corvus + trzine/rr PowerMAX + AMS Corvus + trzine/ Lierty + AMS Corvus + trzine/ Ludis + RR PowerMAX + MSO + AMS Corvus + trzine/ Cpreno + AMS Blnce Flexx + trzine/ludis + RR PowerMAX + MSO + AMS Blnce Flexx + trzine/lierty + AMS Blnce Flexx + trzine/rr PowerMAX + AMS Blnce Flexx + trzine/cpreno + COC + AMS Lumx/Hlex GT + NIS + AMS Hrness Xtr/RR PowerMAX + AMS / / / Yield (u/c) / / / / / / / Verdict/Sttus + AMS 15/ Verdict + trzine/ Sttus + AMS / Verdict/Sttus + AMS / Weedy check LSD First tretment pplied preemergence, then slsh followed y sequentil postemergence tretment. MSO = methylted seed oil, COC = crop oil concentrte, NIS =non-ionic surfctnt, AMS = mmonium sulfte. Bsed on visul scle from 0 100, where 0 = no control or crop injury nd 100 = ded plnts. c Amp = Plmer mrnth, Aml = prostrte pigweed, Solni = lck nightshde, Sskr = Russin thistle, nd Chel = common lmsqurters. Funds provided y the USDA through the Htch Progrm nd the Stte of New Mexico through generl ppropritions, nd vrious chemicl compnies. Annul Dt Report Pge 7

8 REFERENCES Anonymous Crop protection. Crops nd Soils, 38(7), Chndler, J.M., A.S. Hmill, nd A.G. Thoms Crop losses due to weeds in Cnd nd the United Sttes. Chmpign, IL: Weed Science Society of Americ. Lorenzi, H.J., nd L.S. Jeffery Weeds of the United Sttes nd their control. New York: Vn Nostrnd Reinhold Co. Inc. Ntionl Acdemy of Sciences Insect-pest mngement nd control. Principles of plnt nd niml pest control series. Vol.3. Peirs, F.B., L. Brooks, G. Hein, G. Johnson, B. Mssey, D. McBride, P. Morrison, J.T. Schultz, nd E. Spckmn Economic impct of the Russin whet phid in the western United Sttes: A report y the Russin Whet Aphid Investigtive committee to the Gret Plins Agriculturl Council (F. Peirs, Chirmn, Decemer Gret Plins Agriculturl Council Pul. No. 129.) Richrdson, L Agrichemicl nomie: Why it won t go wy, In Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science, pp 3 4, Sn Diego, CA. Mrch 18 20, USDA nd New Mexico Agriculturl Sttistics United Sttes Deprtment of Agriculture nd New Mexico Agriculturl Sttistics Service, Ls Cruces, NM. Richrd N. Arnold is College Professor in the Deprtment of Entomology, Plnt Pthology nd Weed Science nd Superintendent of New Mexico Stte University s Agriculturl Science Center t Frmington. He erned his M.S. from New Mexico Stte University in His reserch interests include weed science nd pest control mngement in crop nd non-crop res. NOTICE TO USERS OF THIS REPORT This report hs een prepred s n id to the Agriculturl Science Center Stff in nlyzing the results of the vrious reserch during the pst yer nd for recording pertinent dt for future reference. This is not forml Agriculturl Experiment Sttion Report of reserch results. Informtion in this report represents results from only one yer s reserch. The reder is cutioned ginst drwing conclusions or mking recommendtions s result of dt in the report. In mny instnces, dt in this report represents only one of severl yers of reserch results tht will constitute the finl forml report. It should e pointed out, however, tht stff memers hve mde every effort to check ccurcy of the dt presented. This report ws not s forml relese; therefore, none of the dt or informtion herein is uthorized for relese or puliction without the written pprovl of the New Mexico Agriculturl Experiment Sttion. Brnd nmes ppering in pulictions re for product identifiction purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similr products not mentioned. Persons using such products ssume responsiility for their use in ccordnce with current lel directions of the mnufcturer. Contents of pulictions my e freely reproduced for eductionl purposes. All other rights reserved. For permission to use pulictions for other purposes, contct pus@nmsu.edu or the uthors listed on the puliction. New Mexico Stte University is n equl opportunity/ffirmtive ction employer nd eductor. NMSU nd the U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture cooperting. April 2015 Ls Cruces, NM Annul Dt Report Pge 8