Digital circuits make up all computers and computer systems. The operation of digital circuits is based on
|
|
|
- Eric Oliver
- 10 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Digital Logic Circuits Digital circuits make up all computers and computer systems. The operation of digital circuits is based on Boolean algebra, the mathematics of binary numbers. Boolean algebra is very simple, having only three basic functions, AND, OR, and NOT. These basic functions can be combined in many ways to provide all the functions required in the central processor of a digital computer. Digital circuits operate by performing Boolean operations on binary numbers (more about binary numbers in EE 23). EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
2 First Boolean Function: NOT NOT is the simplest logical function: input and output. NOT is defined as follows: The output f of NOT, given an input a, is the complement or opposite of the input. Or : a is the complement or opposite of the input Or : f a Since NOT can have only a or input, the output of NOT is the reverse, or complement, of the input. If the input of NOT is, the output tis. If the input of NOT is, the output is. The NOT function is called inversion, and the digital circuit which i t i i t Th l t i i it b l f NOT i inverts is an inverter. The electronic circuit symbol for NOT is: a a 2 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
3 The Truth Table 3 The inverter input/output relationship, with one input and output, is easy to show. For complex functions, an I/O table is helpful. We call llthis a truth th table, since it indicates the ( true ) outputs, although it normally shows outputs for all input combinations. We will demonstrate some Boolean functions using truth tables. EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 Boolean Function Truth Table Input x Input y Output f Note: This 2-input truth table shows the output f for all possible combinations of the binary inputs x and y. N. B. Dodge /2
4 Second Boolean Function: AND AND has two or more inputs. The truth table for a two-input AND with inputs a and b is shown in the chart. AND is defined as follows: a AND b = if and only if (iff) a = and b =. Mathematically, we represent a AND b as a b (an unfortunate choice). AND may have more than two inputs, i. e: e.: a AND b AND c AND d. The electronic circuit symbols for 2- and 4-input ANDs are shown at the right. Regardless of the number of inputs, the output of AND is iff all inputs are. 2-Input AND 4-Input AND AND Truth Table a b a AND b a b a b c d a b a b c d 4 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
5 Third Boolean Function: OR OR has two or more inputs. The OR truth table for two inputs a, b is shown in the adjacent chart. OR is defined as follows: a OR b = if either a or b or both a and b =. Mathematically, we represent a OR b as a + b (another bad choice). OR may have more than two inputs, i. e.: a OR b OR c OR d. The electronic circuit symbols for 2- and 4- input ORs are shown at the right. Regardless of the number of inputs, the output of OR is iff all inputs are. OR Truth Table a b a OR b 2-Input OR a b 4-Input OR a b c d a+b a+b+c+d 5 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
6 Logic and Electronic circuits don t manipulate logic and literally. In digital circuits, the values and are levels of voltage, and the logic circuits that we use are technically inverting amplifiers with saturated outputs. In the circuits we will use, logic is volts, and logic is 5 volts. Logic / Logic / inputs outputs (V, 5 V) (V, 5 V) 6 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
7 Making More Complex Boolean Functions The three Boolean functions discussed above can be used to form more complex functions. ANY computer function can be performed using combinations of AND, OR, and NOT. To simplify the definition of combinational logic (the logic of the computer CPU), any logic function can be composed of a level of AND gates followed by a single OR gate. There are a few other ways to form Boolean circuits, but we will cover only this one method in Lab 3. 7 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
8 Uniqueness of AND The uniqueness of the AND function is that the output of AND is except when EVERY input =. In the 4 gates to the right, a SINGLE input into each gate forces the output to. The output of AND is only when ALL inputs = (8- input gate to right). 8 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
9 The Any Quality of OR The output of OR = if ANY input =. OR outputs a iff ALL inputs =. We can use the ability of OR to pass any and the unique - outputs of the AND to create Boolean functions. 9 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
10 Digital Design In circuit design, inputs and outputs are defined by a spec. Since computer circuits use only binary numbers, inputs are always and, and the output is always and. The engineer designs the circuit between input and output by: Making a truth table to represent the input/output p relationship. Defining a Boolean expression that satisfies the truth table. Constructing a circuit that represents the Boolean function. Establish inputs and outputs Construct Truth Table Define Boolean expression in SOP or POS form Design digital circuit based on Boolean expression EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
11 Creating a Computer ( Boolean ) Function A spec for a function f of two variables x and y is that f = when x and y are different, and otherwise. The truth table charts f per the spec. How can we describe this behavior with a Boolean expression? For the first, we can create an AND function: x y. Note that this expression is ONLY when x =, y =. For the second, we create x y, which is only for x =, y =. EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 x y f x y x y N. B. Dodge /2
12 Boolean Function (2) 2 First AND function: x y. Second AND function: x y. The two Boolean AND functions each describe one of the two conditions in which f is. How do we create a Boolean function that describes BOTH conditions of f =? Recall that any is passed through OR. Then if we send both ones through a single OR, its output will match the specified performance of f. EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 x y f x y x y N. B. Dodge /2
13 Boolean Function (3) We OR the two AND functions: x y f f x y x y We now have a complete description (Boolean expression) for the function f. Since we know what AND and OR circuits look like, we can build a digital circuit that produces f. x y f x y x y 3 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
14 Building Boolean Functions As we have just seen, if we have Boolean functions that result from a truth table and spec, we can convert the Boolean functions to computer circuits. Consider these functions: a b c f a b f ( a b) c f : 2: 3: 4 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
15 Quick Exercise Designing a circuit from the Boolean expressions: ( ab ) ( cd ) f a b c d f 5 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
16 Design: Spec to Truth Table to Circuit Say you have the following design spec for function f: There are three inputs x, y, and z, to a digital circuit. The circuits must have an output of when y = z = and x = ; and when x = z = and y =. Design the circuit using AND, OR, and NOT gates. x y z f(x, y, z) AND s f xyz f x yz The truth table above shows the desired output: f = when x=, y, z =, f = wheny= y, x, z =. 6 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
17 7 Getting the Boolean Function We can create a Boolean function for each of the two conditions: Inverting x and ANDing it with y and z creates a for the first condition. Inverting gy and ANDing it with x and z creates the other. Notice that each AND function produces a ONLY for that combination of variables. According to the definition of OR, any goes through that gate. Therefore OR the two AND functions together to get a function that is for both cases! EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 x y z f(x, y, z) AND s f f This is a ONLY for (,,) xyz x yz This is a ONLY for (,,) N. B. Dodge /2
18 Boolean Function and Circuit x y z x y z x y z f(x, y, z) AND s x y z x y z 8 The OR function (f) completely satisfies the spec and truth table! EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
19 Key parts: LED indicators Circuit board +5V power Lab Instrument: IDL-8 Momentary - switches - input switches 9 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
20 Digital Circuit Kit 2 The digital circuit kits are also used in EE 23. You will only be using AND, OR, and NOT circuits (see below). NEVER replace a bad or broken circuit in the kit. Give to the TA to be replaced. ALWAYS put up the kit when you are done. EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
21 Plugging in a Digital IC and Wiring Up a Circuit Remember: The circuit is ALWAYS plugged in so that it spans a channel in the circuit board. Therefore a wire plugged into any of the parallel holes into which a chip leg is plugged is connected to that leg of the chip. 2 EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
22 Circular dot Ground (V.) connection Digital IC Circuit Diagrams Notch Power (+5V.) 3 2 connection LS XXX Chip Outline SN 74LS4 Hex inverter gate SN 74LS8 Quad 2 input AND gate SN 74LS32 Quad 2 input OR gate 22 You will be using the 74LS4, 74LS8, and 74LS32 digital integrated circuits. The diagram above (also in your manual) shows the outline of the chip, with power/ground inputs. The three chip schematics show how the circuits in each chip connect to the input pins. EE 22 Lab Briefing #3 N. B. Dodge /2
1. True or False? A voltage level in the range 0 to 2 volts is interpreted as a binary 1.
File: chap04, Chapter 04 1. True or False? A voltage level in the range 0 to 2 volts is interpreted as a binary 1. 2. True or False? A gate is a device that accepts a single input signal and produces one
ENGI 241 Experiment 5 Basic Logic Gates
ENGI 24 Experiment 5 Basic Logic Gates OBJECTIVE This experiment will examine the operation of the AND, NAND, OR, and NOR logic gates and compare the expected outputs to the truth tables for these devices.
Boolean Algebra Part 1
Boolean Algebra Part 1 Page 1 Boolean Algebra Objectives Understand Basic Boolean Algebra Relate Boolean Algebra to Logic Networks Prove Laws using Truth Tables Understand and Use First Basic Theorems
Gates & Boolean Algebra. Boolean Operators. Combinational Logic. Introduction
Introduction Gates & Boolean lgebra Boolean algebra: named after mathematician George Boole (85 864). 2-valued algebra. digital circuit can have one of 2 values. Signal between and volt =, between 4 and
Figure 8-1 Four Possible Results of Adding Two Bits
CHPTER EIGHT Combinational Logic pplications Thus far, our discussion has focused on the theoretical design issues of computer systems. We have not yet addressed any of the actual hardware you might find
Gates, Circuits, and Boolean Algebra
Gates, Circuits, and Boolean Algebra Computers and Electricity A gate is a device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals Gates are combined into circuits to perform more complicated tasks
Simplifying Logic Circuits with Karnaugh Maps
Simplifying Logic Circuits with Karnaugh Maps The circuit at the top right is the logic equivalent of the Boolean expression: f = abc + abc + abc Now, as we have seen, this expression can be simplified
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHAPTER3 QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. ) If one input of an AND gate is LOW while the other is a clock signal, the output
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY CISC 3593. Dept. of Computer and Info. Science Spring, 2011. Lab 2. The Full-Adder
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY CISC 3593 Fordham College Lincoln Center Computer Organization Dept. of Computer and Info. Science Spring, 2011 Lab 2 The Full-Adder 1 Introduction In this lab, the student will construct
Decimal Number (base 10) Binary Number (base 2)
LECTURE 5. BINARY COUNTER Before starting with counters there is some vital information that needs to be understood. The most important is the fact that since the outputs of a digital chip can only be
United States Naval Academy Electrical and Computer Engineering Department. EC262 Exam 1
United States Naval Academy Electrical and Computer Engineering Department EC262 Exam 29 September 2. Do a page check now. You should have pages (cover & questions). 2. Read all problems in their entirety.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA & LOGIC GATES
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA & LOGIC GATES Logic gates are electronic circuits that can be used to implement the most elementary logic expressions, also known as Boolean expressions. The logic gate is the most basic
ELEC 2210 - EXPERIMENT 1 Basic Digital Logic Circuits
Objectives ELEC - EXPERIMENT Basic Digital Logic Circuits The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to digital electronic circuits. You will learn how to use the IDL-00 Bit
CHAPTER 3 Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic
CHAPTER 3 Boolean Algebra and Digital Logic 3.1 Introduction 121 3.2 Boolean Algebra 122 3.2.1 Boolean Expressions 123 3.2.2 Boolean Identities 124 3.2.3 Simplification of Boolean Expressions 126 3.2.4
Karnaugh Maps. Circuit-wise, this leads to a minimal two-level implementation
Karnaugh Maps Applications of Boolean logic to circuit design The basic Boolean operations are AND, OR and NOT These operations can be combined to form complex expressions, which can also be directly translated
Chapter 2 Logic Gates and Introduction to Computer Architecture
Chapter 2 Logic Gates and Introduction to Computer Architecture 2.1 Introduction The basic components of an Integrated Circuit (IC) is logic gates which made of transistors, in digital system there are
Machine Architecture and Number Systems. Major Computer Components. Schematic Diagram of a Computer. The CPU. The Bus. Main Memory.
1 Topics Machine Architecture and Number Systems Major Computer Components Bits, Bytes, and Words The Decimal Number System The Binary Number System Converting from Decimal to Binary Major Computer Components
Objectives: Part 1: Build a simple power supply. CS99S Laboratory 1
CS99S Laboratory 1 Objectives: 1. Become familiar with the breadboard 2. Build a logic power supply 3. Use switches to make 1s and 0s 4. Use LEDs to observe 1s and 0s 5. Make a simple oscillator 6. Use
Cornerstone Electronics Technology and Robotics I Week 15 Voltage Comparators Tutorial
Cornerstone Electronics Technology and Robotics I Week 15 Voltage Comparators Tutorial Administration: o Prayer Robot Building for Beginners, Chapter 15, Voltage Comparators: o Review of Sandwich s Circuit:
Digital Logic Elements, Clock, and Memory Elements
Physics 333 Experiment #9 Fall 999 Digital Logic Elements, Clock, and Memory Elements Purpose This experiment introduces the fundamental circuit elements of digital electronics. These include a basic set
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNLOGY
DRONACHARYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, GREATER NOIDA Affiliated to Mahamaya Technical University, Noida Approved by AICTE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNLOGY Lab Manual for Computer Organization Lab ECS-453
CHAPTER 11: Flip Flops
CHAPTER 11: Flip Flops In this chapter, you will be building the part of the circuit that controls the command sequencing. The required circuit must operate the counter and the memory chip. When the teach
Unit 3 Boolean Algebra (Continued)
Unit 3 Boolean Algebra (Continued) 1. Exclusive-OR Operation 2. Consensus Theorem Department of Communication Engineering, NCTU 1 3.1 Multiplying Out and Factoring Expressions Department of Communication
CH3 Boolean Algebra (cont d)
CH3 Boolean Algebra (cont d) Lecturer: 吳 安 宇 Date:2005/10/7 ACCESS IC LAB v Today, you ll know: Introduction 1. Guidelines for multiplying out/factoring expressions 2. Exclusive-OR and Equivalence operations
Take-Home Exercise. z y x. Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science. The University of Texas at Dallas
Take-Home Exercise Assume you want the counter below to count mod-6 backward. That is, it would count 0-5-4-3-2-1-0, etc. Assume it is reset on startup, and design the wiring to make the counter count
Logic in Computer Science: Logic Gates
Logic in Computer Science: Logic Gates Lila Kari The University of Western Ontario Logic in Computer Science: Logic Gates CS2209, Applied Logic for Computer Science 1 / 49 Logic and bit operations Computers
Having read this workbook you should be able to: recognise the arrangement of NAND gates used to form an S-R flip-flop.
Objectives Having read this workbook you should be able to: recognise the arrangement of NAND gates used to form an S-R flip-flop. describe how such a flip-flop can be SET and RESET. describe the disadvantage
Combinational Logic Design
Chapter 4 Combinational Logic Design The foundations for the design of digital logic circuits were established in the preceding chapters. The elements of Boolean algebra (two-element switching algebra
Counters and Decoders
Physics 3330 Experiment #10 Fall 1999 Purpose Counters and Decoders In this experiment, you will design and construct a 4-bit ripple-through decade counter with a decimal read-out display. Such a counter
Table 1 Comparison of DC, Uni-Polar and Bi-polar Stepper Motors
Electronics Exercise 3: Uni-Polar Stepper Motor Controller / Driver Mechatronics Instructional Laboratory Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Lab Director: I. Charles
Diodes have an arrow showing the direction of the flow.
The Big Idea Modern circuitry depends on much more than just resistors and capacitors. The circuits in your computer, cell phone, Ipod depend on circuit elements called diodes, inductors, transistors,
EE360: Digital Design I Course Syllabus
: Course Syllabus Dr. Mohammad H. Awedh Fall 2008 Course Description This course introduces students to the basic concepts of digital systems, including analysis and design. Both combinational and sequential
Two-level logic using NAND gates
CSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Two and Multilevel logic implementation Tajana Simunic Rosing 1 Two-level logic using NND gates Replace minterm ND gates with NND gates Place
Karnaugh Maps & Combinational Logic Design. ECE 152A Winter 2012
Karnaugh Maps & Combinational Logic Design ECE 52A Winter 22 Reading Assignment Brown and Vranesic 4 Optimized Implementation of Logic Functions 4. Karnaugh Map 4.2 Strategy for Minimization 4.2. Terminology
Binary Adders: Half Adders and Full Adders
Binary Adders: Half Adders and Full Adders In this set of slides, we present the two basic types of adders: 1. Half adders, and 2. Full adders. Each type of adder functions to add two binary bits. In order
EE 42/100 Lecture 24: Latches and Flip Flops. Rev B 4/21/2010 (2:04 PM) Prof. Ali M. Niknejad
A. M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley EE 100 / 42 Lecture 24 p. 1/20 EE 42/100 Lecture 24: Latches and Flip Flops ELECTRONICS Rev B 4/21/2010 (2:04 PM) Prof. Ali M. Niknejad University of California,
1.1 The 7493 consists of 4 flip-flops with J-K inputs unconnected. In a TTL chip, unconnected inputs
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY LOS ANGELES Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EE-246 Digital Logic Lab EXPERIMENT 1 COUNTERS AND WAVEFORMS Text: Mano, Digital Design, 3rd & 4th Editions, Sec.
3.Basic Gate Combinations
3.Basic Gate Combinations 3.1 TTL NAND Gate In logic circuits transistors play the role of switches. For those in the TTL gate the conducting state (on) occurs when the baseemmiter signal is high, and
Programming A PLC. Standard Instructions
Programming A PLC STEP 7-Micro/WIN32 is the program software used with the S7-2 PLC to create the PLC operating program. STEP 7 consists of a number of instructions that must be arranged in a logical order
Boolean Algebra (cont d) UNIT 3 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA (CONT D) Guidelines for Multiplying Out and Factoring. Objectives. Iris Hui-Ru Jiang Spring 2010
Boolean Algebra (cont d) 2 Contents Multiplying out and factoring expressions Exclusive-OR and Exclusive-NOR operations The consensus theorem Summary of algebraic simplification Proving validity of an
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_logical_organization/combinational_circuits.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com Combinational circuit is a circuit in which we combine the different
Design and Development of Virtual Instrument (VI) Modules for an Introductory Digital Logic Course
Session ENG 206-6 Design and Development of Virtual Instrument (VI) Modules for an Introductory Digital Logic Course Nikunja Swain, Ph.D., PE South Carolina State University [email protected] Raghu Korrapati,
The components. E3: Digital electronics. Goals:
E3: Digital electronics Goals: Basic understanding of logic circuits. Become familiar with the most common digital components and their use. Equipment: 1 st. LED bridge 1 st. 7-segment display. 2 st. IC
Digital Electronics Detailed Outline
Digital Electronics Detailed Outline Unit 1: Fundamentals of Analog and Digital Electronics (32 Total Days) Lesson 1.1: Foundations and the Board Game Counter (9 days) 1. Safety is an important concept
CSEE 3827: Fundamentals of Computer Systems. Standard Forms and Simplification with Karnaugh Maps
CSEE 3827: Fundamentals of Computer Systems Standard Forms and Simplification with Karnaugh Maps Agenda (M&K 2.3-2.5) Standard Forms Product-of-Sums (PoS) Sum-of-Products (SoP) converting between Min-terms
Elementary Logic Gates
Elementary Logic Gates Name Symbol Inverter (NOT Gate) ND Gate OR Gate Truth Table Logic Equation = = = = = + C. E. Stroud Combinational Logic Design (/6) Other Elementary Logic Gates NND Gate NOR Gate
COMBINATIONAL and SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS Hardware implementation and software design
PH-315 COMINATIONAL and SEUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS Hardware implementation and software design A La Rosa I PURPOSE: To familiarize with combinational and sequential logic circuits Combinational circuits
CSE140: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems
CSE4: Components and Design Techniques for Digital Systems Tajana Simunic Rosing What we covered thus far: Number representations Logic gates Boolean algebra Introduction to CMOS HW#2 due, HW#3 assigned
ARRL Morse Code Oscillator, How It Works By: Mark Spencer, WA8SME
The national association for AMATEUR RADIO ARRL Morse Code Oscillator, How It Works By: Mark Spencer, WA8SME This supplement is intended for use with the ARRL Morse Code Oscillator kit, sold separately.
CSE140: Midterm 1 Solution and Rubric
CSE140: Midterm 1 Solution and Rubric April 23, 2014 1 Short Answers 1.1 True or (6pts) 1. A maxterm must include all input variables (1pt) True 2. A canonical product of sums is a product of minterms
Understanding Logic Design
Understanding Logic Design ppendix of your Textbook does not have the needed background information. This document supplements it. When you write add DD R0, R1, R2, you imagine something like this: R1
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
MODULE3 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Contents 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 2. Operational Amplifier Block Diagram... 3 3. Operational Amplifier Characteristics... 3 4. Operational Amplifier Package... 4 4.1 Op Amp Pins
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP WITH MORNING ALARM USING MICROPROCESSOR
AUTOMATIC NIGHT LAMP WITH MORNING ALARM USING MICROPROCESSOR INTRODUCTION This Project "Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm" was developed using Microprocessor. It is the Heart of the system. The sensors
Lecture 12: More on Registers, Multiplexers, Decoders, Comparators and Wot- Nots
Lecture 12: More on Registers, Multiplexers, Decoders, Comparators and Wot- Nots Registers As you probably know (if you don t then you should consider changing your course), data processing is usually
EE 209 Lab 1 Sound the Alarm
EE 209 Lab 1 Sound the Alarm 1 Introduction In this lab you will design, implement and then test a simple logic circuit emulating a home alarm system. You will use the Digital Trainer board for this lab
Study Guide for the Electronics Technician Pre-Employment Examination
Bay Area Rapid Transit District Study Guide for the Electronics Technician Pre-Employment Examination INTRODUCTION The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District makes extensive use of electronics technology
Switch board datasheet EB007-00-1
Switch board datasheet EB007-00-1 Contents 1. About this document... 2 2. General information... 3 3. Board layout... 4 4. Testing this product... 5 5. Circuit description... 6 Appendix 1 Circuit diagram
Chapter 1. Computation theory
Chapter 1. Computation theory In this chapter we will describe computation logic for the machines. This topic is a wide interdisciplinary field, so that the students can work in an interdisciplinary context.
Chapter 3 Digital Basics
Chapter 3 Digital asics We conclude our review of basic concepts with a survey of topics from digital electronics. We confine our attention to aspects that are important in the understanding of simple
6. BOOLEAN LOGIC DESIGN
6. OOLEN LOGI DESIGN 89 Topics: oolean algebra onverting between oolean algebra and logic gates and ladder logic Logic examples Objectives: e able to simplify designs with oolean algebra 6. INTRODUTION
Chapter 4 Register Transfer and Microoperations. Section 4.1 Register Transfer Language
Chapter 4 Register Transfer and Microoperations Section 4.1 Register Transfer Language Digital systems are composed of modules that are constructed from digital components, such as registers, decoders,
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS Unit code: A/601/1625 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 TUTORIAL OUTCOME 2 Part 1
UNIT 22: PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS Unit code: A/601/1625 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 TUTORIAL OUTCOME 2 Part 1 This work covers part of outcome 2 of the Edexcel standard module. The material is
Digital Electronics Part I Combinational and Sequential Logic. Dr. I. J. Wassell
Digital Electronics Part I Combinational and Sequential Logic Dr. I. J. Wassell Introduction Aims To familiarise students with Combinational logic circuits Sequential logic circuits How digital logic gates
SECTION C [short essay] [Not to exceed 120 words, Answer any SIX questions. Each question carries FOUR marks] 6 x 4=24 marks
![SECTION C [short essay] [Not to exceed 120 words, Answer any SIX questions. Each question carries FOUR marks] 6 x 4=24 marks](/thumbs/35/17285180.jpg "SECTION C [short essay] [Not to exceed 120 words, Answer any SIX questions. Each question carries FOUR marks] 6 x 4=24 marks")
UNIVERSITY OF KERALA First Degree Programme in Computer Applications Model Question Paper Semester I Course Code- CP 1121 Introduction to Computer Science TIME : 3 hrs Maximum Mark: 80 SECTION A [Very
Programmable Logic Controller PLC
Programmable Logic Controller PLC UPCO ICAI Departamento de Electrónica y Automática 1 PLC Definition PLC is a user friendly, microprocessor based, specialized computer that carries out control functions
Apprentice Telecommunications Technician Test (CTT) Study Guide
Apprentice Telecommunications Technician Test (CTT) Study Guide 1 05/2014 Study Guide for Pacific Gas & Electric Company Apprentice Telecommunications Technician Qualifying Test (CTT) About the Test The
Lecture 5: Gate Logic Logic Optimization
Lecture 5: Gate Logic Logic Optimization MAH, AEN EE271 Lecture 5 1 Overview Reading McCluskey, Logic Design Principles- or any text in boolean algebra Introduction We could design at the level of irsim
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SYSTEMS. IMPLEMENTATION: MODULES (ICs) AND NETWORKS IMPLEMENTATION OF ALGORITHMS IN HARDWARE
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SYSTEMS 1 DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS FORMAL BASIS: SWITCHING ALGEBRA IMPLEMENTATION: MODULES (ICs) AND NETWORKS IMPLEMENTATION OF ALGORITHMS IN HARDWARE COURSE EMPHASIS:
Karnaugh Maps (K-map) Alternate representation of a truth table
Karnaugh Maps (K-map) lternate representation of a truth table Red decimal = minterm value Note that is the MS for this minterm numbering djacent squares have distance = 1 Valuable tool for logic minimization
Introduction to Digital Logic with Laboratory Exercises
Introduction to Digital Logic with Laboratory Exercises Introduction to Digital Logic with Laboratory Exercises James Feher Copyright 29 James Feher Editor-In-Chief: James Feher Associate Editor: Marisa
Lab 1: Full Adder 0.0
Lab 1: Full Adder 0.0 Introduction In this lab you will design a simple digital circuit called a full adder. You will then use logic gates to draw a schematic for the circuit. Finally, you will verify
Analog & Digital Electronics Course No: PH-218
Analog & Digital Electronics Course No: PH-218 Lec-28: Logic Gates & Family Course Instructor: Dr. A. P. VAJPEYI Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India 1 Digital Logic Gates
Digital Fundamentals. Lab 8 Asynchronous Counter Applications
Richland College Engineering Technology Rev. 0 B. Donham Rev. 1 (7/2003). Horne Rev. 2 (1/2008). Bradbury Digital Fundamentals CETT 1425 Lab 8 Asynchronous Counter Applications Name: Date: Objectives:
Capacitive Touch Sensor Project:
NOTE: This project does not include a complete parts list. In particular, the IC described here does not come in a dual-inline-package (DIP), and so a gull-wing package has to be soldered to an adaptor
LAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
LAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS Objective In this experiment you will study the i-v characteristics of an MOS transistor. You will use the MOSFET as a variable resistor and as a switch. BACKGROUND
Upon completion of unit 1.1, students will be able to
Upon completion of unit 1.1, students will be able to 1. Demonstrate safety of the individual, class, and overall environment of the classroom/laboratory, and understand that electricity, even at the nominal
2) What is the structure of an organization? Explain how IT support at different organizational levels.
(PGDIT 01) Paper - I : BASICS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1) What is an information technology? Why you need to know about IT. 2) What is the structure of an organization? Explain how IT support at different
Gray Code Generator and Decoder by Carsten Kristiansen Napier University. November 2004
Gray Code Generator and Decoder by Carsten Kristiansen Napier University November 2004 Title page Author: Carsten Kristiansen. Napier No: 04007712. Assignment title: Design of a Gray Code Generator and
Logic gates. Chapter. 9.1 Logic gates. MIL symbols. Learning Summary. In this chapter you will learn about: Logic gates
Chapter 9 Logic gates Learning Summary In this chapter you will learn about: Logic gates Truth tables Logic circuits/networks In this chapter we will look at how logic gates are used and how truth tables
Multiplexers and demultiplexers
Multiplexers and demultiplexers This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version.. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/./,
Experiment # 9. Clock generator circuits & Counters. Eng. Waleed Y. Mousa
Experiment # 9 Clock generator circuits & Counters Eng. Waleed Y. Mousa 1. Objectives: 1. Understanding the principles and construction of Clock generator. 2. To be familiar with clock pulse generation
Chapter 9 Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers
ETEC 23 Programmable Logic Devices Chapter 9 Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers Shawnee State University Department of Industrial and Engineering Technologies Copyright 27 by Janna B. Gallaher Latches A temporary
So far we have investigated combinational logic for which the output of the logic devices/circuits depends only on the present state of the inputs.
equential Logic o far we have investigated combinational logic for which the output of the logic devices/circuits depends only on the present state of the inputs. In sequential logic the output of the
Logic Reference Guide
Logic eference Guide Advanced Micro evices INTOUCTION Throughout this data book and design guide we have assumed that you have a good working knowledge of logic. Unfortunately, there always comes a time
Unit/Standard Number. High School Graduation Years 2010, 2011 and 2012
1 Secondary Task List 100 SAFETY 101 Demonstrate an understanding of State and School safety regulations. 102 Practice safety techniques for electronics work. 103 Demonstrate an understanding of proper
Chapter 2: Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates. Boolean Algebra
The Universit Of Alabama in Huntsville Computer Science Chapter 2: Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates The Universit Of Alabama in Huntsville Computer Science Boolean Algebra The algebraic sstem usuall used
Lecture-3 MEMORY: Development of Memory:
Lecture-3 MEMORY: It is a storage device. It stores program data and the results. There are two kind of memories; semiconductor memories & magnetic memories. Semiconductor memories are faster, smaller,
EGR 278 Digital Logic Lab File: N278L3A Lab # 3 Open-Collector and Driver Gates
EGR 278 Digital Logic Lab File: N278L3A Lab # 3 Open-Collector and Driver Gates A. Objectives The objectives of this laboratory are to investigate: the operation of open-collector gates, including the
OHM S LAW AND RESISTANCE
OHM S LAW AND RESISTANCE Resistance is one of the basic principles of Ohm s law, and can be found in virtually any device used to conduct electricity. Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist who conducted
BINARY CODED DECIMAL: B.C.D.
BINARY CODED DECIMAL: B.C.D. ANOTHER METHOD TO REPRESENT DECIMAL NUMBERS USEFUL BECAUSE MANY DIGITAL DEVICES PROCESS + DISPLAY NUMBERS IN TENS IN BCD EACH NUMBER IS DEFINED BY A BINARY CODE OF 4 BITS.
Click on the links below to jump directly to the relevant section
Click on the links below to jump directly to the relevant section What is algebra? Operations with algebraic terms Mathematical properties of real numbers Order of operations What is Algebra? Algebra is
Building the AMP Amplifier
Building the AMP Amplifier Introduction For about 80 years it has been possible to amplify voltage differences and to increase the associated power, first with vacuum tubes using electrons from a hot filament;
Combinational circuits
Combinational circuits Combinational circuits are stateless The outputs are functions only of the inputs Inputs Combinational circuit Outputs 3 Thursday, September 2, 3 Enabler Circuit (High-level view)
Boolean Algebra. Boolean Algebra. Boolean Algebra. Boolean Algebra
2 Ver..4 George Boole was an English mathematician of XIX century can operate on logic (or Boolean) variables that can assume just 2 values: /, true/false, on/off, closed/open Usually value is associated
Fundamentals of Digital Electronics
Fundamentals of Digital Electronics by Professor Barry Paton Dalhousie University March 998 Edition Part Number 32948A- Fundamentals of Digital Electronics Copyright Copyright 998 by National Instruments
RAM & ROM Based Digital Design. ECE 152A Winter 2012
RAM & ROM Based Digital Design ECE 152A Winter 212 Reading Assignment Brown and Vranesic 1 Digital System Design 1.1 Building Block Circuits 1.1.3 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) 1.1.4 SRAM Blocks in
Robot Board Sub-System Testing. Abstract. Introduction and Theory. Equipment. Procedures. EE 101 Spring 2006 Date: Lab Section # Lab #6
EE 101 Spring 2006 Date: Lab Section # Lab #6 Name: Robot Board Sub-System Testing Partner: No Lab partners this time! Abstract The ECEbot robots have a printed circuit board (PCB) containing most of the