Etablering af krav (kap 10)

Transcription

1 Etablering af krav (kap 10) Marianne Graves Petersen Associate Professor Computer Science Dept, University of Aarhus Center for Interactive Spaces,

2 Interaktionsdesign processen Identificer brugernes behov og etabler krav til brugsoplevelsen Udvikl en række designs, der opfylder dissse krav Byg interaktive versioner af design, så de kan kommunikeres og vurderes Evaluer

3 I dag... Etablering af krav Fra krav til design 3

4 Etablering af krav Erklæring om hvad produktet skal kunne og hvordan det skal performe Krav etableres i en iterativ proces i samarbejde med brugere og interessenter Specifikke, klare Middel til kommunikation

5 Etabler krav til produktet Hvad skal produktet kunne?

6 Requirements gathering, -capture, -elicitation, -analysis, - engineering

7 Typer af krav Funktionelle Data krav Kontekst krav fysisk miljø socialt miljø organisatorisk miljø teknisk platform eller begrænsninger Brugeres karakteristika

8 Usability og user experience krav Effective, efficient, safe, having good utility, easy to learn, easy to remember Engaging, entertaining?

9 Fra krav til design Design fase Brainstorming for innovation Scenarier Konceptuelt design, metaforer

10 About the Author Trained as a musician, Bill Buxton began his art. This early experience, both in the appreciation of both the positive and neg This increasingly drew him into both de phasis on interaction and the human aspe nence for his work at the University of T the novel interfaces that they employed. tion of Xerox PARC, where Buxton partic work, interaction techniques and ubiqui come Chief Scientist of SGI and Alias W work with some of the top film makers an now a principal researcher at Microsoft C search and helping make design a fun Table of Contents Author s Note Preface PART I: DESIGN AS DREAMCATCHER Design for the Wild Case Study: Apple, Design and Business PART II: STORIES From Thinking On The Wonderful Wi

11 Buxton argumenterer for mere fokus på design fase i sw udviklings projekter The definitive guide to project management... on software projects, for example, the design and build phase are synonymous (quoted by Buxton 2007 from Nokes et al. 2003, p. 175)

12 Skitsering i interaktionsdesign Bill Buxton: First, you have to make a few interactive sketches of the concept you re working on. Just like an industrial designer would use a pen and a sheet of paper to draw sketches of a product, designers of interactive products and services have to render tomorrow s interactions in a way that they can be experienced before they are built. This may sound like a paradox, but I believe that the only way you can engineer the future is to have lived in it yesterday. I ll give you an example. Back in the 1970s, John Gould, a researcher at IBM, found a very ingenious way to thus render a computer system capable of perfect of speech recognition. He wanted to test if this was a technology was worth investing in before investing in it. That is, he wanted people to experience it before it had actually been built. So, what he did was ask people to sit in front of a computer and to speak into a microphone. Everything they said appeared in real time, perfectly written on the screen. The speaker experienced a computer that recognized and transcribed everything they said, but in reality, what was really happening was that an experienced stenographer was hidden behind a curtain, transcribing the text being heard in their headphones. That experience cost essentially nothing. Yet, it enabled Gould and his team to understand the interactions at work in such software before it ever existed. It was a preliminary sketch an early concept rendering, serving the same function that sketches have throughout the history of design.

13 Værktøjer i design fasen Brainstorm, idégenerering Scenarier Use cases Konceptuelt design Interface typer

14 Brainstorming En semi-struktureret tilgang til hurtig idé generering i grupper

15 Review ideer Er der problemer med et eksisterende produkt eller brugsoplevelse Hvordan vil det foreslåede design komme ud over disse problemer Hvis der ikke er identificeret problemer, men der designes en helt ny brugsoplevelse, hvordan påvirker det foreslåede design så den eksisterende situation / praksis

16 Ideer evalueres og bearbejdes yderligere De etablerede krav benyttes som filter Arbejd videre med de ideer som overlever scenarier konceptuelt design interface typer

17 Scenarier - mulige roller uformel narrativ beskrivelse Basis for overordnet design Beskriver teknisk implementation Middel til kommunikation og samarbejde i design team Middel til kommunikation og samarbejde mellem forskellige fagpersoner

18 Scenarier - Variationer Fremtidsscenarier Plus- og minusscenarier Text, billeder samt videoprototyper

19 An ambient intelligence home scenario from Philips Ellen returns home after a long day's work. At the front door she is recognized by an intelligent surveillance camera, the door alarm is switched off, and the door unlocks and opens. When she enters the hall the house map indicates that her husband Peter is at an art fair in Paris, and that her daughter Charlotte is in the children's playroom, where she is playing with an interactive screen. The remote children surveillance service is notified that she is at home, and subsequently the on-line connection is switched off. When she enters the kitchen the family memo frame lights up to indicate that there are new messages. The shopping list that has been composed needs confirmation before it is sent to the supermarket for delivery. There is also a message notifying that the home information system has found new information on the semantic Web about economic holiday cottages with sea sight in Spain. She briefly connects to the playroom to say hello to Charlotte, and her video picture automatically appears on the flat screen that is currently used by Charlotte. ( )

20 Plus scenariet Scenario 3: Hyper-wonderland This scenario addresses the positive aspects of how a hypermedia solution will work. The setting is the Lindholm construction site sometime in the future. Kurt has access to a portable PC. The portables are hooked up to the computer at the site office via a wireless modem connection, through which the supervisors run the hypermedia application. Action: During inspection of one of the caissons Kurt takes his portable PC, switches it on and places the cursor on the required information. He clicks the mouse button and gets the master file index together with an overview of links. He chooses the links of relevance for the caisson he is inspecting. Kurt is pleased that he no longer needs to plan his inspections in advance. This is a great help because due to the 'event-driven' nature of inspection, constructors never know where and when an inspection is taking place. Moreover, it has become much easier to keep track of personal notes, reports etc. because they can be entered directly on the spot. The access via the construction site interface does not force him to deal with complicated keywords either. Instead, he can access the relevant information right away, literally from where he is standing. A positive side effect concerns his reachability. As long as he has logged in on the computer, he is within reach of the secretaries and can be contacted when guests arrive or when he is needed some-where else on the site. Moreover, he can see at a glance where his colleagues are working and get in touch with them when he needs their help or advice. All in all, Kurt feels that the new computer application has put him more in control of things.

21 Minus scenariet Scenario 4: Panopticon This scenario addresses the negative aspects of how a hypermedia solution wil work. The setting is the Lindholm construction site sometime in the future. Kurt has access to a portable PC. The portables are hooked up to the computer at the site office via a wireless modem connection, through which the supervisors run the hypermedia application. Action: During inspecting one of the caissons Kurt starts talking to one of the builders about some reinforcement problem. They argue about the recent lab tests, and he takes out his portable PC in order to provide some data which justify his arguments. It takes quite a while before he finds a spot where he can place the PC: either there is too much light, or there is no level surface at a suitable height. Finally, he puts the laptop on a big box and switches it on. He positions the cursor on the caisson he is currently inspecting and clicks the mouse to get into the master file. The table of contents pops up and from the overview of links he chooses those of relevance - but no lab test appears on the screen. Obviously, the file has not been updated as planned. Kurt is rather upset. This loss of prestige in front of a contractor engineer would not have happened if he had planned his inspection as he had in the old days. Sometimes, he feels like a hunted fox especially in situations where he is drifting around thinking about what kind of action to take in a particular case. If he has forgotten to log out, he suddenly has a secretary on the phone: "I see you are right at caisson 39, so could you not just drop by and take a message?" All in all Kurt feels that the new computer application has put him under control.

22 Minus scenarier Ericsson and Electrolux (among others) are developing a refrigerator that will sense when it is low on milk and order more direct from the supplier. Direct from the cow for all I know. I can just see it. Iʼll be driving home from work, and the phone will ring. Your refrigerator is on the line, the car will say; it wants you to pick up some milk on your way home. To which my response will be: Tell the refrigerator Iʼm in a meeting. Fra John Thackara (2005) - In the Bubble, Designing in a Complex world

23 Intermezzo 2 minutter: lav et minusscenarie for jeres eget projekt

24 Etablering af krav Fra krav til design flere redskaber næste onsdag...