Omkostnings- og investeringsteori Efterår 2009 Opgaver

Transcription

1 Omkostnings- og investeringsteori Efterår 2009 Opgaver Jonas Sveistrup Hansen - stud.merc.it 23. september

2 Indhold p Identifying Cost Drivers p. 81- Basic Relationship, Restaurant A1 Types of Cost Behavior A2 Activity Analysis Goverment Health Cost Behavior 7 2

3 p Identifying Cost Drivers The following list identifies several potential cost drivers for a manufacturing company that makes eight products. The company uses a JIT(just in time) production system so it stores finished product for a very limited time. The 8 products vary substantially in size from small (plactic casing for pens) to large (plastic casings for truck instrument panels). Number of setups Setup time Square feet Cubic feet Cubic feet weeks For each situation describe below (activity and related resource), identify the best cost drive from the list and briefly your choice. 1. To produce a product, production machanics must set up machinery. It takes about the same time to set up for a production run regardless of the product being produced. What is the best cost driver for the setup activity? Number of setup, siden at det tager den sammen tid at gøre maskinen klar. 2. Instead of the situation decribed in number 1, what driver should the company use for the setup activity if it takes longer to set for complex products, such as the instrument panal castings, that for simple products, such as pen casings? Setup time, siden at opsætningstiden er forskellig 3. What driver should the company use for warehouse occupancy costs (depreciation and insurance)? The company uses the warehouse to store finished product. Cubic feet, siden JIT bliver brugt, og da en lagerhal er 3-dimensionel 3

4 4. What driver should company use for the warehouse occupancy costs if it did not use a JIT system (that is, the company maintains inventories), and upon inspection, one of the products had a thick layer of dust on it? Cubic feet weeks, siden visse produkter er lagret længere end andre p. 81- Basic Relationship, Restaurant Jacqui Giraud owns and operates a restaurant. Her fixed costs are $ 21,000 per month. She serves luncheons and dinners. The average total bill (excluding tax and tip) is $ 19 per customer. Giraud s present variable costs average $ per meal. 1. How many meals must she serve to attain a profit before taxes of $8,400 per month? 2. what is the break-even point in number of meals served per month? 3. Giraud s rent and other fixed costs rise to a total if $29,925 per month and varible costs also rise to $12.50 per meal. If Giraud increases her average price to $23, how many meals must she serve to make $8,400 profit per month? 4. Assume the same situation decribed in requirement 3. Giraud s accountant tells her she may lose 10% of her customers if the increase prices. If this should happen, what would be Giraud s profit per month? Assum that the restaurant had been serving 3,500 customers per month. 5. Assume the same situation described in requirement 4. To help offset the anticipated 10% of customers, Giraud hires a pianist to perform for 4 hours each night for $2,000 per month. Assum that this would increase the monthly meals from 3,150 to 3,450. Would Giraud s total profit change? By how much? Se excel-arket (Uge 36.xlsx) med opgaver fra inv og omk. 4

5 3 3-A1 Types of Cost Behavior 1. Identify the following planned costs as: (a) Purely variable costs(variable omk.) (b) Discretionary fixed costs(ledelsesbestemte omk.) (c) Committed fixed costs(faste omk.) (d) Mixed costs 1 (e) Step costs 2 1. Public relations employee compensation to be paid by INTEL Ledelsesbestemte omk. 2. Crew supervisor in a Lands End mail-order house. A new supervisor is added for every 12 workers employed. Trinvis 3. Sales commissions based on revenue dollars. Payments to be made to advertising salesperson plus $.20 per mile. Variable omk. 4. Jet fuel costs of Southwest Airlines Variable omk. 5. Total costs of reting trucks by the city Nashville. Charge is a lump sum of $ 300 per month plus $ per mile. 6. Straith-line depreciation on desks in the office of an attorney Faste omk. 7. Advertising costs, a lump sum, planned by ABC, Inc. Descretionary costs 8. Rental payment by the Internal Revenue Service on a five-year lease for office space in a private office building. Commited fixed costs 1 Er en blanding af fixed og variable udgifter 2 Trinvise (relevant range) se exhibit 3-2 p. 95 5

6 9. Advertising allowance granted to wholesalers bt 7-Up Bottling on percase basis. Variable 10. Compensation of lawyers employed internally by Microsoft Ledelsesbestemte omk. 11. Total repairs and maintenance of a university classroom building. Ledelsesbestme omk. 4 3-A2 Activity Analysis Evergreen Sings makes customized wooden signs for businesses and residences. These signs are made of wood, which the owner glues and carves by hand or with power tools. After carving the signs, she paints them or applies a natural finish. She has a good sense of her labor and materials cost behavior, but she is concerned that she does not have good measure of other support costs. Currently, she predicts support costs to be 60 % of the cost of materials. Close inverstigation of the business reveals that $ 40 times the number of power tool operations is more plausible and reliable support cost relationship. Consider estimated support costs of the following two signs that Evergreen Signs is making: Sign A Sign B Materials costs # of power tool opretaions 2 6 Support cost old 60 % 300 = % 150 = 90 Support cost 40 2 = = 240 Forskel Tabel 1: Evergreen Signs 1. Prepare a report showing the support costs of both signs using each cost driver and showing the diffences between the two. Se tabellen 6

7 2. What advice would you give Evergreen Signs about predicting support costs? Forsøg at bryde problemer ned i delproblemer. Fx hvor lang tid tager det i mandetimer. Hvor meget koster en power tool operation i strøm. Hvor meget slid, osv Goverment Health Cost Behavior Dr. Stephanie White... Program Area Costs Cost types Administration Saleries Administrator committed Assistant dicretionary Two secretaries En af hver Supplies commited Advertising and promotion discretionary Professional meetings, dues, and literature discretionary Purchased services Accounting and billing committed Custodial and maintenance committed, fordi det er et hospita Security commited Consulting discretionary, fordi man kan klare sig i kort Community mental health service Salaries (two social workers) committed Transportation committed og discretionary Outpatient mental health treatment Saleries Psychiatrist commited Two social workers commited Tabel 2: Identify which costs you think are likely to be discretionary or committed costs. 7

8 Se tabel 2. One possibility is ti eliminate all disscretionary costs. How much would be saved? What do you think of this recommendation? Det er dårligt at smide alle discretionary costs, da hvis man ikke kan udvikle sig, vil det kun være en stakket frist skære ned på de discretionary udgifter 8