International Civil Aviation Organization

Transcription

1 ATNICG/8 WP/07 (Rev.) Agenda Item 4 18/03/13 International Civil Aviation Organization THE EIGHTH MEETING OF AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (ATN) IMPLEMENTATION CO-ORDINATION GROUP OF APANPIRG (ATNICG/8) Jakarta, Indonesia, March 2013 Ministry Of Transportation Republic of Indonesia Agenda Item 4: IPS Transition THE NETWORK SERVICE TO BE USED FOR AMHS IN JAPAN (Presented by Japan) SUMMARY This paper presents to describe a recommended network service for AMHS utilized IP network by Japan. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Japan Civil Aviation Bureau is planning toward implementation to renewal AMHS in On the other hand, it is required the suitable circuit to improve current issues which are the movement to use the IP technology and cost-effectiveness. For the way to solution of these issues, this paper introduce the study to implement IP-VPN and the plan to utilize it for the renewal AMHS. 2. DISCUSSION 2.1 This study is based on the item 2.3 of ATNICG WG/11-WP/7 in Bangkok, Thailand in September 25-28, Currently, the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN) and Air Traffic Service Message Handling System (AMHS) provide these functions based on point-to-point international leased circuits in the Asia/Pacific Region. 2.3 From the economical point of view, IP based virtual private network (IP-VPN) services can be strong candidates for the future AMHS since they are meshed network and therefore do not need the number of access circuits for the corresponding point-to-point international leased circuits. 2.4 There are two types of IP-VPN services in the world. They are Internet VPN using the public Internet and MPLS based IP-VPN (hereinafter called Global IP-VPN using private telecommunications network. Please see the Attachment 1.

2 ATNICG/8 WP/07 (Rev.) Agenda Item 4 18/03/ From the point of view of security, Global IP-VPN is recommended since it is designed to deliver a secure, private any-to-any service over a dedicated Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. 2.6 With regard to contracts with telecommunication providers, currently each country representative has each contract with each country provider for point-to-point international lease circuit service on a bilateral basis. On the other hand, a single telecommunication provider having a closed IP-VPN network will be selected for Global IP-VPN in the Asia/Pacific region. The state representative to make a contract with the provider will be a main contractor. 2.7 At this stage Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau has a plan to make a contract with a leading international service company in Japan, and underlined by over fifty years of providing international services, e.g., KDDI Corporation. 2.8 Under a meshed any-to-any network, Global IP-VPN service, multi local access circuits for the existing point-to-point international leased network will be integrated into a single local access circuit in each country. Therefore, if a failure happens on the single local access circuit for Global IP-VPN, all traffic connecting to the corresponding country will be cut off. In order to avoid such situation, redundancy for more secure network should be considered. The ways would be to prepare a backup local access circuit (another provider is desirable) or prepare another IP-VPN network. 2.9 Attached please see the Attachment 2 for a general description of IP-VPN and KDDI. 3. ACTION OF JAPAN IN THE FUTURE Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau would like to forward the following migration plan for AMHS toward the renewal of 2015: 3.1 For more secure migration, after the existing AMHS connection with the United States would be coordinated to migrate to an AMHS connection based on IP-VPN, the existing point-to-point circuit will be migrated to a new IP-VPN network. 3.2 For more efficient network operation, the new IP-VPN network will be used from the start to connect with the AMHS in each state. 4. ACTION BY THE MEETING 4.1 The meeting is invited to: a) note and review the contents of this working paper; and b) review and provide migration plan for the AMHS connection with Japan toward the renewal of _

3 Comparison of Internet VPN & IP-VPN 1 Internet VPN Internet VPN constitutes the Customer ss own VPN Network that safely uses the public internet, by performing End-to-End encryption and decryption, IP-VPN IP-VPN is a commercial service that uses the VPN Network prepared by the Communications Carrier. Company Network Company Network VPN Device Country A ISP Country B ISP Country C ISP VPN Device VPN Device VPN Device Internet Network Concentration of various ISP There are no specific routes, and the composition is complex with the involvement of ISPs of multiple countries. IP-VPN Network A secure Network provided by KDDI.

4 Comparison of Internet VPN & IP-VPN. 2 Internet VPN IP-VPN General Internet Network Network Composition Closed IP-Network of Communications Carrier Low Cost Communications Cost Relatively High Cost Receives adverse influence of internet access traffic. Traffic Measures in place such as securing Customer s contracted bandwidth. Configured so there is no congestion during periods of high traffic. Dependence on the encrypting functions of the VPN Equipment. Occasional Suspension of Service, and fault isolation is difficult. Security Circuit Reliability KDDI Network specifically designed for the Customer. Availability and network latency is Secured. Early restoration is enabled even during faults.

5 KDDI Global IP-VPN KDDI Corporation

6 Feature 1 Service Area 2 KDDI provides seamless networks to over 150 countries and regions * We have established experience of deploying and implementing services in countries in Africa, Middle East, and South America where it is said that the infrastructure is relatively underdeveloped.

7 Feature 2 KDDI Overseas Affiliate Support Locations List 3 Europe East Asia Amsterdam St.Petersburg Brussels Tianjin Vladivostok Moscow Beijing Changchun London Warsaw Ulan Bator Binhai Paris Dusseldorf Dalian Guangzhou Seoul Geneva Shenzhenh Frankfurt Busan New Delhi Wuxi Neemrana Dhaka Shanghai Qingdao Gurgaon Fuzhou Nansha Dubai Mumbai Hong Kong Macau Taipei Bangalore Chennai Bangkok Hanoi Manila Ho Chi Minh Southeast Asia San Francisco Los Angeles America Chicago Detroit Kentucky New York New Jersey Virginia Kuala Lumpur Jakarta Cape Town Johannesburg Singapore Melbourne Sydney KDDI s 3,000 employees in 87 Overseas Offices located in 56 cities, 24 Countries and Regions supports your global business as of Sep, 2010

8 Feature 3 Backbone Configuration 4 High quality network underlined by over 50 years experience in providing Global Services. Global IP-VPN connectivity policy is to provide highly reliable service. A Backbone network free of congestion is provided by monitoring traffic at each relay circuit, it and by configuring i appropriate bandwidth. Monitoring of Traffic PE Core Location X Tokyo Core PE Location X Core Singapore Osaka Core

9 Feature 4 Development of a Low Latency Route 5 Realizing Circuits with the Industry s Highest Standard of Low Latency towards European Countries beginning with the U.K. Network Framework Japan ~Russia 2Route (Self Healing ) Circuit Capacity 640Gbps Landing Station (Japan )KDDI KDDI:Naoetsu (Niigata, Joetsu City )(Russia ) Rostelecom :Nakhodka Parties (Japan )KDDI (Russia )Rostelecom Realization of nearly 100msec reduction of latency vis-à-vis the Indian Ocean Route. Tokyo ~London Latency Appx. 300msec Appx. 300msec Appx. 200msec London Eastern Europe Moscow Transit-Europe-Asia : TEA Central Asia China Nakhodka Nakhodka Naoets Naoetsu u Tokyo Tokyo RJCN

10 Feature 5 Comparison of Internet VPN & IP-VPN 6 Internet VPN IP-VPN Internet VPN constitutes the Customer ss own VPN Network that safely uses the public internet, by performing End-to-End encryption and decryption, IP-VPN is a commercial service that uses the VPN Network prepared by the Communications Carrier. Company Network Company Network VPN Device Country A ISP Country B ISP Country C ISP VPN Device VPN Device VPN Device Internet Network Concentration of various ISP There are no specific routes, and the composition is complex with the involvement of ISPs of multiple countries. IP-VPN Network A secure Network provided by KDDI.

11 Feature 6 Comparison of Internet VPN & IP-VPN. 7 Internet VPN IP-VPN General Internet Network Network Composition Closed IP-Network of Communications Carrier Low Cost Communications Cost Relatively High Cost Receives adverse influence of internet access traffic. Traffic Measures in place such as securing Customer s contracted bandwidth. Configured so there is no congestion during periods of high traffic. Dependence on the encrypting functions of the VPN Equipment. Occasional Suspension of Service, and fault isolation is difficult. Security Circuit Reliability KDDI Network specifically designed for the Customer. Availability and network latency is Secured. Early restoration is enabled even during faults.

12 Feature 7 Circuit Activation Support Operations 8 KDDI thoroughly supports Customers all the way up to Circuit Activation KDDI conducts activities to improve the observance of the Customer s requested ready for service (RFS) date. This enables the Customer to reach the requested ready for service date with peace of mind, even as they are overseas, where the circuit quality, business culture, are different from what Customers are accustomed to. New Circuit Activation in China Circuit Activation Delays in China %up 64%up 21%up * FY 2005 is fixed at % 25.0% 20.0% 0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 22.2% 14.5% 7.2 % This does not include the delay of circuit deployment due to reasons or convenience of the Customer. 5.2% The Circuit Delivery Rate for all Circuits was over 99% in As a Japanese corporation, KDDI strictly observes and realizes Japanquality Ready For Service dates. KDDI will continue to conduct improvement activities without being complacent with the numbers listed above.

13 Operations Maintenance Formation 1 : Global Operations Formation 9 Provision of Japan-Quality Support to the Customer s Overseas Locations Carriers of each Country Local Vendor NOC Customer (Overseas Location) Carriers of each Country Local Vendor Customer (Head Office ) GNOC NOC Customer (Overseas Location) GNOC: Global Network Operations Center Conducts consolidated Fault Response towards the International Circuit. NOC: Network Operations Center Conduct the fault response for each area with the Local Carrier, according to the directives of General Network Operations Center (GNOC). Regional Carriers NTT ADSL Carrier NOC Carriers of each Country Local Vendor Customer (Overseas Location) Currently expanding towards Beijing Hong Kong Singapore New York U.K! Front Operations Secondary Response Operations Facility Monitoring Operations Circuit Lease Operations Reception Primary Isolation Circuit Testing Consolidation of Restoration Operations Progress Restoration reports, etc. Expert response for every service. Response to other communications carriers for end-to-end services including the access segment in circuit units. Creation of Reports Customer Visitations Consolidated Response to Large Scale Failures, etc. Gather information from relevant departments & other carriers. Creation of reports that summarize the development of the response, cause, and the measures taken to prevent reoccurrence. Consolidation of Restoration efforts in the occurrence of a large scale fault. Facility Monitoring Consolidated Operations Network Measures, etc. Notification of Design Construction, Customer Adjustments.

14 Operations Maintenance Formation 2 Powerful Carrier Relations 10 Reliable Support Formation through Powerful Carrier Relations Pacific Partners Meeting In the 1990s a multi carrier forum was jointly held by representatives of several communications carriers of various countries of the Asian Pacific Rim* for the purpose of improving International Communications Services, and these joint carrier conferences continue to this day. * KDDI,AT&T,CT,CHT-I,KT,CAT,SingTel,Indosat,REACH,TNZI India VSNL: Direct meeting with operations staff of VSNL India to request for the improvement of service quality. As a flagship carrier representing Japan with a long history of providing international telecommunications, KDDI possesses potent relationships with carriers of various countries. These Carrier relations span widely from individuated exchanges with separate carriers of various countries to multi-carrier forums such as the Pacific Partners Meeting, and have led to concrete results ranging from product development to operations. Strive to achieve Japanese quality service through efforts such as the deployment of operations personnel to locations in response to long lasting faults or multiple faults. The swift configuration of alternative routes of various carriers during the Taiwan Strait earthquake was enabled by powerful carrier relationships with overseas carriers. Yantai CNC: Conducting a meeting for quality improvement directly with the Local Branch of CNC in China.

15 Operations Maintenance Formation 3 Quality Improvement Activities 11 Performance of KDDI Quality Improvement Activities (Example of China) Improvement measures in China where the provision of stable service is made difficult for reasons such as faults in the local circuit has been and continues to be conducted. Specific Improvement Activities 1Realization of swift and accurate transmission of information concerning local fault conditions through the employment of Chines nese personnel at the KDDI International Operations Center (Tokyo), in addition to the deployment of operations support specialists s to local KDDI Locations (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou). 2 Strengthening relations by convening quality improvement meetings with the Chinese Carrier and Local Branches, performing regular telephone conferences, in addition to continuously and directly notifying improvement in contents % 0% Carrier A Circuit Availability 99.9% Rise and Stabilization of Availability 99.8% 99.7% 99.6% Carrier A Visitation Meeting Beijing Head Office,Cu Dalian,CU Shanghai, CU Guangzhou Carrier A Dalian Meeting Carrier A Beijing Head Office Meeting Carrier ABeijing Head Office,CU Shanghai Quality Meeting1 with Carrier A Beijing Head Office Visit Each Location Quality Meeting2 with Carrier A Beijing Head Office Visit Each Location Quality Meeting 2 with Carrira A Beijing Head Office Visit Each Location * At KDDI we continuously perform activities to improve the quality of our service with the carriers of each country.

16 Operations Maintenance Formation4 Undersea Cable Operations Maintenance Formation 12 Cable Repair Ships KDDI Ocean Link KDDI Pacific Link Possession and use of 2 cable repair ships. These two ships were deployed from Japan in 2007 as part of the effort to repair the cables in the aftermath of the Taiwanese Coast Earthquake. Undersea Robot Conducts operations such as surveys of cable conditions and the point of failure down to a depth of 25,000M. The robot also excavates down to a depth of 3M to cut and conduct re-installation activities. The quality of the undersea able will be determined by the undersea able repair ship and the abilities of cable engineering. KDDI possess rich know-how that other carriers do not have, owing to years of experiences as a telephone and telegraph communications provider. Kokusai Cable Ship (KCS / International Cable Ship) is a 100% subsidiary of KDDI, and is among the worlds leading companies in the area of undersea cable installation and maintenance. KCS possesses experience in maintaining over 65,000km and installing 50,000km of cable throughout the Asia Pacific region for the past 39 years. KCS is distinguished as having deployed the only 2 ships sent from Japan, the KDD Ocean Link and the KDDI Pacific Link, in the restoration of cables during the Taiwanese Coast Earthquake.

17 Options Service 1 QOS (Quality of Service) 13 Priority Regulation of Mission Critical Traffic QOS Service In the occurrence of congestion in the Customer s Access Circuit, vital traffic such as audio will be transmitted without loss through the transmission of traffic designated as high priority. PE Congestion PE PE KDDI IP-VPN Backbone Loss High Priority Priority Regular The congestion occurs at the out-bound side of the PE that is transmitted towards the Customer Access Circuit which is narrower in bandwidth vis-à-vis the wider bandwidth backbone. (The Bandwidth is designed in the KDDI IP-VPN Backbone in a manner that does not allow for the occurrence of congestion.)

18 Optional Services 2 Management 14 Consolidated Service by KDDI of everything until the installation of the CE in the Customer Premises. Management KDDI shall not only provide the Network, but shall also provide services in a consolidated manner up to the installation of the CE at the Customer Premises. Through the combination of the Monitoring Service, KDDI is able to provide highly reliable network services that provides peace of mind even in the occurrence of a fault. Additionally, KDDI Local staff who possess a high degree of technical skill are deployed across the world, and support the construction of the Customer s network through a support formations of thorough quality. Japan Support Formation provided by KDDI Basic Design, Sophisticated Design Onsite Equipment Installation and Configuration Work by KDDI Technicians, Circuit Connection Work. Access Circuit Throughput Test Communications Confirmation Test of the Customer Locations Segment (LAN-LAN Segment). Separate Advanced Test such as those of the QOS, BGP, ACL Filter. Operations Confirmation Test Support of Customer Applications. KDDI supports the Customer until the delivery of services. In addition to the full support menu mentioned above, KDDI has prepared a simplified commencement support menu.

19 Optional Service 3 BGP4 15 Realizing the backup of primary locations during faults, and the diversification of traffic routes. Backup through ISDN using a Single-Homing (1 Line), and duplexing of the Access Circuit through Multi-homing (2 Line) is performed, enabling redundancy and route diversification by housing at a different PE. There have been several cases in which circuit redundancy using BGP4 is configured in order to enhance resilience against faults in India, China, and South East Asia where the occurrence of faults in the access circuit are particularly frequent. Multi-Homing Single-Homing 2PE-2CE2CE BGP4 1PE-1CE International IP-VPN NW (Unique / Interconnect NW) BGP4 2PE-1CE BGP4 Backup Circuit such as ISDN.

20 Optional Service 4 SLA ( Service Level Agreement) 16 Assuring the Customer provision of high quality services by securing the Industry s Highest Service Level. The SLA is a service that assures the quality of the network, and Refunds a set charge in the case that the standard prescribed by the Company is not satisfied. Monthly Availability Rate : KDDI assures that the KDDI Network is regularly available for use, and in the event that the availability rate for a single month is less than %, the Company shall return a portion of the monthly usage charge for that month corresponding to the rate. Average Network Latency Time : Assures that the monthly average network latency of the entire KDDI International Backbone is or less than a fixed value. Mean Time To Restoration (MTTR) : Assures that the Mean Time To Restoration (MTTR), is, or is less than a fixed amount of time when there is a fault in the network of the Company. Domestic International IP-VPN NW Japan Side DSU DSU Japan Side Overseas Side Overseas Side CE PE PE CE Guaranteed Segment by the SLA

21 Optional Service 5 IMS (International Managed Service) 17 Monitoring the Customer Network Condition & Real-time Notification IMS (International Managed Service) Network Monitoring (Ping Monitoring, Availability Report) Traffic Report (COS Traffic, Quality, Resources) Provision of the Customer Portal Screen (Real-time Status) Alarm Notification (Mail Notification, Automated Voice Notification, Operator Response) IMS System Availability Report Customer Side PE Ping Monitoring CoS Traffic Global Data Collection IP-VPN PE Customer Side Traffic Quality Measurement (Latency /Jitter/Packet Loss) Web Report KDDI provides a variety of Services upon request from the Customer. * This is a charged option.

22 Optional Service 6 Global Managed Security Service 18 One Stop Provision of Security Monitoring Operations Management for the Customer s Overseas Location Domestic IP-VPN Year Round 24 hours Real Time Security Monitoring VPN Virus Infections Worm Outbreaks Overseas Area Network Japan Center Location Worm infections and unauthorized access from overseas locations connected to the network shall be blocked by security equipment. The log from the security device shall be analyzed real-time on a year- round 24 hour basis, and in the case that an abnormality is detected, the Customer shall be promptly notified. International IP-VPN Monitoring of unauthorized access that matches the signature of ASA5500 and Policies. UTM (ASA5500 Series ) Real-time analysis of the UTM log, and detection of unauthorized access. Enables user to view the contents of the attack, in addition to advice on a web site devoted to the Customer. * English is available. Security Monitoring Service to the Overseas Locations is provided in joint cooperation with the LAC Corporation. Little earth Corporation JSOC: Japan Security Operation Center LAC is proud to present JSOC, the largest domestic remote security monitoring center. In using the information, attack methods, and experience e collected by the Security Research Institution tut (CSL : Computer Security Research Center, DBSL : Database Security Lab) that is owned by LAC, JSOC supports the security operations that conducts actual processes and the provision of information for what the Customer needs to do at the navigation level, from the latest security information and the notification of the incidents.

23 Optional Service 7 WAN High Speed Solution 19 Realizing High Throughput without minding the advanced application or latency. Enables the provision of an optimal WAN environment to the Customer, by preparing a function that optimizes the window size, data compression, or CIFS of the TCP. Concentration Data Center Concentration File Server WAN High Speed Device WAN Concentration The issue of the decline of through-put due to latency arises as a result of the concentration towards the data center of the server. Realization of throughput on par with the level of the LAN environment is achieved through the implementation of the WAN High Speed Device. WAN High Speed Device Client LAN File Server WAN High Speed Device LAN WAN High Speed Device LAN KDDI selects equipment that is optimal for the requirements of the Customer. * Please be noted that this is a charged option.

24 KDDI Global ICT Carrier 1 Business Model 20 Consolidated Provision of the Communications Environment from the Head Office to the Overseas Office and Factory Regions and Services are made seamless through the hybridization of the network. Overseas Area Network Data Center Global ICT Solution Telehouse is a brand-name name among Overseas Data Centers. High quality networks underlined by over 50 years of experience in providing Global Service. Global Network System Integration Along with the development of Companies abroad, the establishment of ICT Foundations is becoming increasingly important. In order to meet such requirements, KDDI shall provide seamless Global ICT Solutions that has the four ICT Services of Global Networking, System Integration, Data Center, and Overseas Area Network at its core.

25 KDDI Global ICT Carrier ➁ Overseas Data Center 21 Full outsourcing of the Customer s vital IT Resource Management Overseas In addition to the provision of high quality, and high reliability facilities overseas where uncertainties concerning power supply and security, we deploy technicians possessing high degree of skills on a 24 hour basis, protecting vital customer IT resources and supporting oversea operations. Stable Infrastructure Environment The best in the aspects from power, climate control, security, and fire-extinguishing facilities has been arranged in the design stage to construct a stable infrastructure environment, enabling Customers to entrust their equipment and data to KDDI with peace of mind. Highly Reliable and Flexible Network In addition to the KDDI Global Network Service, it is also easily connected with multiple local communications Carriers. Along with the expansion of business, not it is possible to flexibly and swiftly expand your network. Particularly in the U.S., it is relied on by over 500 Corporate Customers of the ICT Industry, with a primary focus on concentration on communications carriers and ISP. Through the formulation of the TELEHOUSE quality guideline, we are in the daily process of enacting the PDCA cycle. Industry s s Top Operations Maintenance Year-round 24 hour operations maintenance, training towards technicians, preparations of construction procedure handbook, planned facilities, system inspection, tests, amendment, and continuous learning of the requirements of the Customer. TELEHOUSE is always leading its competitors in the industry, and continuously pursuing the improvement of Customer satisfaction. Maintaining good relations with Local Institutions. TELEHOUSE has blended in with local society to the extent that it is receiving priority support from the police department, fire department, power companies, and industrial organizations. During the multiple terrorist attacks on American soil in 2001, Company personnel and those outside of the Company alike worked in unison to achieve the swift restoration of services.

26 KDDI Global ICT Carrier 3 Overseas Data Center USA 22 Los Angeles New York Broadway New York Telepor t UK London Docklands East London Docklands North London Docklands West London Metro France Paris Jeuneurs Paris Voltaire Paris Magny Germany Frankfurt Turkey Istanbul Russia Moscow South Africa Cape Town Johannesburg As of Feb 2013 China Beijing Beijing BDA Shanghai Zhangjiang Shanghai Jinqiao (Target Service in year 2013) New York Chelsea South Korea Seoul Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong CCC Vietnam Hanoi Singapore Singapore

27 KDDI Global ICT Carrier 4 Regional Network 23 Overseas Area Network Managed Packed GLOBAL IP-VPN Regional IP-VPN DC Local Support Overseas Regional Network 24 Hour Active Monitoring can be ordered in a One-Stop manner. Packaging of the Regional Network, CE, and Active Monitoring to coalesce multiple overseas locations. One Stop Billing and Shopping of low cost local services in Japan. Implementation Trouble Occurrence Reduction of Implementation Design Cost Reduce the risk of trouble Swift Implementation ti Enabled Simple implementation from the NW to the, and even monitoring. Reduction of Trouble Time Vendor Arrangement Not Necessary Reduction of Operations Cost 24 hour active monitoring is enabled up to the router. One-stop speed solutions.

28 KDDI Global ICT Carrier 5 Local SI 24 Japan-quality Response from the Construction of Locations to the Relocation Network Engineering Consulting, Design Analysis, Installation Disaster Recovery Expansion of each Layer Security Consulting Firewall SSL VPN Load Balancing IDS, Antivirus Solutions Contents Filtering Outsourcing Service ICT Help-desk Network Operations Maintenance Management of ICT Resources Equipment Procurement Maintenance & Management Hardware, Software System Equipment for the Framework. Solutions and Alteration of Equipment to reduce costs. Operations of Equipment or maintenance. General equipment report in cooperation with the Carrier Vendor Project Management Consulting and Project Management related to IT. Drawing Floor plans for operations and design for comfortable office environment. Management of Local Vendors/ Carriers. Rich Connections and Close Relations KDDI utilizes its rich connections with local regulatory ministries, international carriers, and domestic carriers. KDDI secures the optimal contact point with the operations managers of other carriers, and construction managers. Realizes the early restoration by closely communicating even during a circuit fault. Outstanding Technical Staff and Operational Standards In addition to experienced Japanese staff, KDDI also hires outstanding local staff from Local Carriers and Vendors. KDDI thoroughly trains its personnel on process management, and performs quality management, and continuous improvement of operations standards. High performance and efficient maintenance is realized by configuring the equipment to the optimal condition through accurate and detailed use.

29 Undersea Cable Map (Reference Information) 25 KDDI possesses ample submarine cables throughout the world to provide you with regular and stable communications services.

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