Verizon Wireless Private Network

Transcription

1 Verizo Wireless Private Network

2 Cotets 1. Itroductio Audiece CDMA2000 1xRTT AND EV-DO NETWORK AND TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Mobile Statios Access Network Core Network PRIVATE NETWORK OVERVIEW Verizo Wireless Private Network Architecture Verizo Wireless Private Network Beefits Overview Applicatios Devices IP Addressig Optios Mobile IP Domai Name System Verizo Wireless Private Network Pricig FIXED-END CONNECTIVITY solutio OPTION FOR PRIVATE NETWORK OVERVIEW Network Architecture Beefits of Implemetig Direct-Circuit Coectios Coectivity Optios PRIVATE NETWORK CONNECTION AND PROVISIONING CUSTOMER CARE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT GLOSSARY CONTACT INFORMATION LEGAL DISCLAIMER

3 1. Itroductio This paper explais how Verizo Wireless private etwork solutios ca be deployed usig the Verizo Wireless CDMA2000 1xRTT ad EV-DO etworks. The followig private etwork-related areas are described: CDMA2000 1xRTT ad EV-DO techology Ehacemets that Verizo Wireless offers o its etwork Optios available to customers usig private etworks This paper begis with a overview of CDMA2000 1xRTT ad EV-DO techology that provides sufficiet iformatio for ay reader who simply wats a high-level uderstadig of a CDMA etwork. The paper will the explore i detail the Verizo Wireless private etwork solutios that use the etwork, ad available customer optios. 1.1 Audiece This paper has bee developed for eterprise customers, IT admiistrators, decisio makers, ad other persoel. It is assumed that the reader has a uderstadig of CDMA2000 1xRTT ad EV-DO techology ad some uderstadig of computer ad etwork cocepts. 2. CDMA2000 1xRTT AND EV-DO NETWORK AND TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Over time, more ad more demads have bee made o the capabilities of corporate etworks. Workers wat more mobility, high-speed access, ad a extesio of applicatios across the eterprise, all of which ca strai curret IT capabilities. Verizo Wireless uderstads these demads ad has costatly improved its mobile data etwork to offer icreased mobility, access, ad applicatios. This process is ogoig, but it pays to see what s happeed before to gai a greater appreciatio of the capabilities of today s mobile data etwork. Early secod-geeratio (2G) CDMA-based wireless etworks have proved their effectiveess i deliverig high-quality voice traffic to subscribers. These early 2G etworks were kow as cdmaoe or IS-95 after the iterim stadard that defied cdmaoe. Shortly thereafter, voice users wated basic data services, which prompted the various idustry players to joi together to meet this demad. A set of global wireless data stadards ad specificatios was developed to defie the methods ad techiques required to offer circuit-switched data services to subscribers. These methods ad stadards formed the basis for third-geeratio (3G) wireless commuicatio ad are defied by a set of idepedet Iteratioal Telecommuicatios Uio 3

4 (ITU) recommedatios. These ITU recommedatios for CDMA etworks are collectively kow as the Iteratioal Mobile Telecommuicatios-2000 (IMT-2000) stadards framework. I 2000, the IMT-2000 stadards framework was implemeted o a CDMA wireless etwork, becomig the very first commercially available, 3G circuit-switched data service to be deployed based o these global stadards. O CDMA etworks, these 3G data services are typically referred to as CDMA2000 or IS The CDMA2000 wireless air iterface stadard is kow by may terms, icludig: 1x, 1xRTT, IS-2000, CDMA2000 1x, ad CDMA2000. The desigatio 1xRTT is frequetly used to idetify the versio of CDMA2000 radio techology that operates over 1.25-MHz radio chaels (oe times 1.25 MHz). The first phase of CDMA2000 is called 1xRTT. 1xRTT almost doubles the voice capacity over IS-95 etworks ad provides basic data services coformig to the IMT-2000 stadard for UMTS (Uiversal Mobile Telecommuicatios System) services, deliverig data at ear-broadbad speeds over mobile wireless commuicatios etworks. 1xRTT provides maximum theoretical data rates of 144 Kbps (dowlik) ad 144 Kbps (uplik), as well as twice the voice capacity o a sigle 1.25-MHz CDMA chael. The ext phase of CDMA2000 is called 1xEV-DO (Evolutio Data Optimized) ad icreases the dowlik maximum theoretical data rate to 2.4 Mbps. The average data rate a user experieces is a theoretical rate of 400 to 700 Kbps. 1xEV-DO Revisio A (Rev. A) supports Quality of Service (QoS), coverges IP services ad VoIP, reduces latecy, icreases the maximum theoretical dowlik speed to 3.1 Mbps, ad boosts the maximum uplik speed to 1.8 Mbps. Typical average dowload speeds for Rev. A are 600 Kbps to 1.4 Mbps ad typical average uplik speeds are 500 Kbps to 800 Kbps. The etire Verizo Wireless EV-DO etwork has ow bee upgraded to support Rev. A. As ew techologies emerge for wireless commuicatios, Verizo Wireless is studyig ad cosiderig these techologies ad cotiuig to improve its ability to offer more mobility, more secure etwork access, ad exteded applicatios. 2.1 Mobile Statios I a typical etwork setup, most users experiece a data etwork through their hadhelds or through modems ad data cards i their laptop computers. This is the subscriber s poit of etry for mobility, etwork access, ad eterprise-wide applicatios for usig corporate data. I terms of the etwork, hadhelds or modems are the mobile statios that fuctio as a mobile IP cliet i a CDMA2000 1x ad EV-DO etwork. Mobile statios cosist of a radio, basebad processor, ad a geeral-purpose processor for iterfacig to the hadset user or to a hostig computer. 4

5 The mobile statio radio ad basebad processor iteract with the access etwork (AN) to obtai radio resources i order to exchage packet data. The mobile statio tracks radio resource status states such as active, stadby, ad dormat. The mobile statio also accepts packets from the hostig computer whe radio resources are ot available or caot support data flow to the etwork. 2.2 Access Network The AN is the subscriber s etry poit ito the mobile etwork. It s here that the Verizo Wireless mobile data etwork differs from a typical etwork setup. This part of the mobile etwork is resposible for deliverig packet services for 1xRTT ad 1xEV-DO coectios, makig it possible for users to expad their mobility, ejoy better access, ad deploy eterprise-wide applicatios. The AN maps the mobile statio to a uique lik layer used to commuicate with the Packet Data Servig Node (PDSN) i the core of the etwork. The AN must validate the mobile statio for service ad maitai the commuicatios lik betwee the mobile statio ad the etwork core. This process greatly ehaces the overall security of the etwork. The AN comprises the followig key elemets: Mobile User Access Network Core Network 1xRTT & Voice Home Locatio Register Base Statio Cotroller Packet Cotrol Fuctio Mobile Switchig Ceter Visitig Locatio Register Public Switched Telephoe Network 1xEV-DO Network Maagemet System Server Radio Network Cotroller Core Network AAA Server Hosted Services Base Trasceiver Statio Access Network AAA Server Packet Data Servig Node Foreig Aget Router Home Aget Text Messagig Media Messagig Navigatio Media ad Cotet Locatio-Based Services Field Force Automatio WAP Etc. Choke Router Direct Circuit Iteret Brach Office Firewall Firewall Eterprise Network Figure 1: A simplified CDMA2000 1x data etwork showig 1xRTT ad 1xEV-DO data structures. 5

6 Base Trasceiver Statio The base trasceiver statio (BTS) is physically composed of ateas, towers, ad sophisticated electroics. These all work together to cotrol the air lik ad act as the iterface betwee the etwork ad mobile statios. Radio resources are also maaged by the BTS. Radio resources iclude the radio frequecy ad chael assigmet for each mobile statio, the power level of trasmit ad receive sigals, atea sector assigmets, ad sigal separatio. The BTS maages back-haul coectios to the base statio cotroller (BSC) i order to miimize redudat traffic ad traffic delays. The commuicatios protocols used betwee the BTS ad BSC are proprietary. Base Statio Cotroller The BSC acts as a lik for voice ad packet-switched data messages betwee multiple BTS uits. The BSC is also resposible for mobility maagemet ad hadoffs betwee BTS uits that are withi its domai. It hadles the overall call cotrol process. The BSC coects to the core of the etwork usig coectivity optios that vary depedig o whether it is voice, data, or sigalig iformatio. Packet Cotrol Fuctio The packet cotrol fuctio (PCF) routes IP packets betwee the mobile statios coected to its associated BTS uits ad PDSN. The PCF maitais the coectio state betwee the access etwork ad the mobile statios. This coectio state esures a active path for packet data, buffers packets whe radio resources are ot available, ad relays packets betwee the mobile statios ad the PDSN. 2.3 Core Network The role of the core etwork is to act as the gateway betwee the access etwork ad the public or private etworks that will hadle the packet data. It provides coectivity autheticatio, authorizatio, ad accoutig (AAA) services, acts as the gatekeeper for access to hosted ad other etwork services, ad maages IP addresses. These fuctios cotribute to the overall ability of the etwork to offer users mobility ad secure access, ad to exted applicatios across the eterprise. The core etwork comprises the followig key elemets: Packet Data Servig Node The PDSN services the access etwork ad acts as the primary gateway ito the public or private etwork, gratig users secure access to etwork data ad applicatios. The PDSN maages the iterface betwee the BSC/BTS ad the IP etwork by establishig ad termiatig the mobile cliet lik-layers. The PDSN termiates mobile statio PPP services for the mobile statios it services. It provides IP services for the mobile statios based o the services requested ad authorized. 6

7 Each PDSN supports simple IP (SIP). Whe SIP services are provided to the mobile statio, the PDSN acts as a stad-aloe etwork access server (NAS) ad ca provide SIP services to the mobile statio. The PDSN autheticates users locally, or it ca forward autheticatio requests to the AAA server ad home aget to whe users move from oe PDSN to aother support SIP. The PDSN records packet billig iformatio i coordiatio with the BSC ad actively maages subscriber services based o the user profile iformatio it receives from the services ad AAA servers. The PDSN routes packets to the exteral public or private etworks or to the home aget (HA), which ca be secured via secure Geeric Routig Ecapsulatio (GRE) tuels. AAA/Home Aget The AAA server ad HA are used to autheticate, authorize, ad accout for a user s access to the etwork ad etwork services Home Aget Support Mobile IP. 7

8 3. PRIVATE NETWORK OVERVIEW Verizo Wireless has desiged a private etworkig solutio, created to ehace the experiece of today s mobile workforce. The Verizo Wireless private etwork segregates the host devices that are a part of the private etwork ad assigs them to eterprise-specific home agets. The data is the routed to the eterprise through a IP tuel, brigig the followig advatages to the customer: Support for eterprise-owed private IP or public IP address assigmet (dyamic support oly) Traffic segregatio Redudacy support for robust coectivity Make use of curret Verizo Wireless B2B coectivity capability Eterprise User Mobile Statios Cosumer Mobile Statios Eterprise Traffic Eterprise Traffic Eterprise Traffic Cosumer Traffic Verizo Wireless Network Iteret Coectivity Dedicated IP Coectivity T1/FR etc. Dedicated T1 IP Traffic Dedicated T1 IP IP Push Traffic Traffic Dedicated T1 IP IP Push Traffic Traffic Public Iteret Viruses/Worms Music/Video/Cotet Applicatios ad Games News/Traffic/Weather Eterprise Applicatios Eterprise Applicatios Eterprise Applicatios Iteret-based third-party applicatios ad cotet Eterprise Customer Networks Figure 2: A simplified private etwork layout. 8

9 3.1 Verizo Wireless Private Network Architecture Private etworks provide a optio for Verizo Wireless eterprise customers to create liks betwee their wireless eviromets ad LAN etwork to improve eterprise workflow. Figure 3 offers a high-level overview of the architecture of the Verizo Wireless private etwork. Figure 3: Private etwork high-level overview. 3.2 Verizo Wireless Private Network Beefits Overview The Verizo Wireless private etwork offers a wide variety of beefits that help eterprise customers improve their etwork experieces. Segregatio of traffic helps improve overall etwork performace through bypassig upredictable performace behavior ofte associated with public etworks such as the Iteret. Eterprise IT applicatios are complex ad ofte have uique requiremets that drive the eed for customized solutios for wireless edpoits. The Verizo Wireless private etwork ad the flexibility of fixed-ed coectivity solutios (FECS) provide several applicatio maagemet alteratives to customers. Traffic segregatio with FECS helps reduce the risk that exists o uprotected public etworks ad access through public gateways. Eterprise compaies ca icorporate additioal security measures by usig such optios as VPN ad IPSec. 9

10 3.3 Applicatios Eterprise applicatios that use IP-based protocols like TCP/IP or UDP ca take advatage of the Verizo Wireless private etwork. These iclude: Sales force automatio, field force automatio, ad CRM applicatios. Telematics ad telemetry applicatios, such as automated meter readig, alarm moitorig, vehicle maagemet iformatio systems, automatic vehicle locatio, ad ATMs. Migratio from legacy etworks. Applicatios that are curretly ruig o etworks that may o loger be supported, such as CDPD. Applicatios that eed icreased badwidth to support ew features ad added fuctioality. 3.4 Devices Wireless access ca be accomplished via a variety of wireless edpoits, such as: Data cards Data cards ca be used with a device that does ot have its ow built-i modem. Differet form factors iclude PCMCIA Cards ad ExpressCard products. Embedded laptops May laptop maufacturers offer the optio of havig Verizo Wireless-capable modems as a embedded optio. These iclude Dell, HP, Toshiba, Leovo, Paasoic, ad more. PDAs Verizo Wireless offers a variety of smartphoes. Embedded modem routers Embedded modems are becomig icreasigly importat. They are available i a variety of form factors ad specificatios from multiple OEMs approved for use o the Verizo Wireless etwork, icludig Cisco 3G-CDMA-HWIC, Digi Iteratioal, AirLik, BlueTree, ad more. USB devices USB devices ca be used as coectio poits. Note: Oly mobile IP capable devices ca be used with Verizo Wireless private etwork. 3.5 IP Addressig Optios Type of address Dyamic IP Public ad private IP addresses Rage Eables the home aget to assig a radom address from a geerally available pool provided by eterprise customers to mobile edpoits. Eterprise customers ca specify ay desired rage of public or private IP address that are assiged to mobile edpoits. 3.6 Mobile IP Mobile IP (MIP) is a Iteret protocol desiged to support host mobility. Its goal is to eable the host to stay coected to the Iteret regardless of its locatio. MIP is able to track a mobile host without eedig to chage the mobile host s log-term IP address. The evolutio of MIP security bega with the CDMA2000 Mobile IP stadard. This stadard was desiged to icorporate cryptographic keys for etwork security. However, the drawback was that 10

11 the CDMA2000 stadard did t provide a meas to distribute MIP keys to mobile devices i a secure ad efficiet maer. To that ed, Verizo Wireless implemeted the Dyamic Mobile IP Update (DMU) stadard. The DMU stadard allows maufacturers to embed public RSA ecryptio keys ito mobile devices to eable secure distributio of MIP keys. Adoptig this stadard has geerated a umber of beefits that ehace overall etwork security. The DMU stadard eables stroger cryptographic keys 128-bit autheticatio ad stroger autheticatio of MIP registratio messages. 3.7 Domai Name System Whe customers subscribe to Verizo Wireless private etwork service, eterprise traffic is passed to the CPE (customer premise equipmet) at the ed of the data tuel, so DNS requests must receive special attetio. Normally, a subscriber device is give a Verizo Wireless public DNS address by the HA durig PPP egotiatio. I a eterprise cotext, a Verizo Wireless DNS caot be reached from the eterprise etwork; therefore, it caot complete ame resolutio for the eterprise s iteral domais. Oce a Verizo Wireless private etwork service subscriber is attached to the tuel, the all traffic icludig DNS requests will be set to the eterprise CPE router. Iteret access will oly be allowed via proxy server. All Iteret access must be doe via a eterpriseowed proxy server. The address of this proxy server must be advertised back to Verizo Wireless. Iteret access without a proxy server will ot work. Customers must esure that all applicatios accessig the Iteret use the proxy server. DNS Query DNS Query Verizo Wireless Wireless Data Network T1, DS3, or higher Eterprise Device Verizo Wireless PDSN/FA Verizo Wireless Eterprise HA Eterprise Network Figure 4: Private etwork DNS traffic flow. Eterprise DNS Server 11

12 3.8 Verizo Wireless Private Network Pricig Private Network Optios Optios Oe-time fee Customer-provided private IP dyamic assigmet $500 Customer-provided public IP dyamic assigmet $500 Note: Direct coectio is required for the Verizo Wireless private etwork. The above pricig optios do ot iclude direct-coect pricig, which is required for the Verizo Wireless private etwork if your coectio is ot already established. 4. FIXED-END CONNECTIVITY solutio OPTION FOR PRIVATE NETWORK OVERVIEW Wireless coectivity ad data trasport solutios from Verizo Wireless allow compaies to establish a private, direct coectio betwee the eterprise etwork ad the Verizo Wireless broadbad etwork. A direct coectio ito the Verizo Wireless broadbad etwork lets compaies commuicate with their mobile workforces with improved data respose times, while reducig cocers over security ad reliability. This sectio discusses coectivity cosideratios ad explais all coectivity optios available ad IP addressig schemes to help the reader make iformed decisios whe plaig ad purchasig a private etwork coectivity solutio. Fixed-Ed Coectivity Solutio Frame Relay Verizo Wireless Gateway Edpoit Corporate Network VPN over Iteret Figure 5: Fixed-ed Coectivity Solutio overview. 12

13 4.1 Network Architecture A direct-coect circuit ca be established to the Verizo Wireless broadbad data etwork from ay eterprise etwork through a variety of commo wirelie coectio types. These wirelie coectio types are labeled i Figure 6 as a direct circuit ad ru betwee the eterprise etwork ad the Verizo Wireless broadbad data etwork. With Verizo Wireless coectivity ad data trasport solutios, corporate customers ca brig direct circuits ito the core etwork through VPN, frame-relay, T1 direct, or Multi-lik Poit-to-Poit Protocol (MLPPP) coectios. These etwork access optios will be covered i much more detail i a subsequet sectio of this white paper. 4.2 Beefits of Implemetig Direct-Circuit Coectios Direct-circuit coectivity ito a trusted provider s etwork core is a effective way for compaies to improve data respose times ad reduce latecy to mobile users beig serviced by the wireless etwork. Overall coectio reliability improves with direct-circuit coectios, because compaies have a direct coectio to the Verizo Wireless broadbad etwork ad avoid havig to traverse the Iteret. As a result, security threats are more cotaied. Verizo Wireless offers secure, reliable, ad flexible access to its etworks. Eterprise data is oe of a busiess s most importat assets ad must be kept secure. FECS access provides ehaced privacy ad security because the direct circuits are ot routed over the Iteret. 13

14 4.3 Coectivity Optios Verizo Wireless has a variety of coectivity optios for creatig the coectio betwee the eterprise etwork ad the Verizo Wireless broadbad etwork. Orgaizatios ca attach to the Verizo Wireless broadbad etwork via VPN over Iteret, sigle-frame relay, dual-frame relay, or multiple direct circuits. The best optio depeds largely o the orgaizatio s requiremets for security, cost, ad redudacy. The followig chart illustrates the supported coectivity solutio optios. Coectivity Optios VPN Optios Beefit Cosideratio Low cost Not all VPN vedors are supported. Secure Low redudacy Sigle-frame relay Secure Full routig cotrol Requires static or BGP routig. Verizo Wireless strogly suggests that customers implemet access cotrol policies to protect their etworks. Dual-frame relay (to differet Verizo Wireless locatios) Secure Redudat Full routig cotrol Requires static or BGP routig. Verizo Wireless strogly suggests that customers implemet access cotrol policies to protect their etworks. Multiple direct circuits Secure Some redudacy MLPPP (required if static) Requires static or BGP routig. Verizo Wireless strogly suggests that customers implemet access cotrol policies to protect their etworks. Note: Please cotact a Verizo Wireless sales represetative for pricig optios. VPN coectios A VPN is a private etwork that uses a public etwork such as the Iteret to coect users or remote sites together i a secure maer. VPN direct-coect solutios are extremely popular due to their low cost to deploy. Istead of usig a dedicated coectio such as leased-lie direct circuits, the VPN optio uses tuels routed over the Iteret from the compay s private etwork to the Verizo Wireless etwork operatios ceter. VPN tuels are termiated by the Verizo Wireless VPN gateway. This approach uses a busiess s existig coectio to the Iteret ad requires IPSec-compliat VPN gateway equipmet at the eterprise locatio. The Verizo Wireless VPN optio secures the commuicatio path betwee the eterprise locatio ad the Verizo Wireless etwork operatios ceter. Ulike a cliet-to-server solutio, it does ot secure the complete path from the mobile device 14

15 to the eterprise s VPN gateway. However, a VPN solutio does ot offer the typical reliability ad cotrolled redudacy of leased-lie direct coectios. IPSec protocol Verizo Wireless VPN solutio uses IPSec, a IETF stadard protocol for TCP/IP traffic security, to create a secure tuel betwee the eterprise ad Verizo Wireless VPN gateways. IPSec protocols autheticate the host computer, maitai data itegrity, ad ecrypt data ad shared keys. I IPSec tuel mode, the etire IP packet is ecrypted. This does ot mea that the coectio betwee the eterprise ad the cliet is ecrypted, but that the coectio betwee the eterprise ad the Verizo Wireless POP is ecrypted. Sigle-frame relay Frame relay is a data coectio method where the telecommuicatios coectio is established usig a permaet virtual circuit (PVC). This PVC is a commuicatios path that maps the physical circuit at the customer site to the physical circuit at the Verizo Wireless site. Frame relay is a popular optio because it offers guarateed badwidth ad accommodates spikes i traffic whe the demad for badwidth suddely icreases. Frame-relay circuits are available from fractioal T1 data rates startig at 56 Kbps ad ca approach DS-3 rates of 45 Mbps. T1 direct T1 direct telecommuicatio circuits are also available. A istallatio fee is typically associated with this type of coectio, based o the distace betwee the eterprise etwork ad the closest Verizo Wireless POP. Fees are also iflueced by local ad log distace carrier rates for this service. This optio is typically used whe frame-relay services are ot available locally or whe log distaces are ot required. DS-3 direct circuits are available to customers o a case-by-case basis i certai areas. Dual-frame relay To further ehace etwork reliability, cosider creatig redudacy with a dual-frame relay coectio. Dual circuits are typically established betwee two geographically differet locatios ad provide redudat coectios to redudat hardware (routers). Dual-frame relay circuits are popular whe residecy ad durability of the coectio are desired. Multiple direct Verizo Wireless also supports MLPPP, which is a method of splittig, recombiig, ad sequecig datagrams/packets across multiple logical data liks. Usig MLPPP allows the bodig together of multiple T1 circuits to act as a sigle logical circuit coected to the Verizo Wireless etwork i order to icrease badwidth. For example, two T1 circuits ca be budled to effectively provide a sigle logical circuit that ca supply over 3 Mbps with full-duplex capability. There is a oe-time fee for each physical circuit coectio. 15

16 5. PRIVATE NETWORK CONNECTION AND PROVISIONING Verizo Wireless sales team egaged/customer agreemet. Verizo Wireless ad customer egage i detail desig for private etwork agreemet. Device Certificatio if Needed Verizo Wireless provisios private etwork to address customer s eed. Customer circuit provisioig ad testig for circuit ad private etwork. Private etwork ready. Provisio customer devices. Figure 6: The private etwork coectio ad provisioig process. 6. CUSTOMER CARE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT Aroud the clock, help-desk-to-help-desk support is provided. As dowtime ca impact reveue, Verizo Wireless provides 24/7 support to its private etwork customers, staffed by experieced professioals who are capable of resolvig complex issues. 7. GLOSSARY 1xRTT (Oe times Radio Trasmissio Techology) The first versio of CDMA2000 techology that has dowlik speeds of 307 Kbps ad uplik speeds of 144 Kbps. 1xEV-DO (Oe times Evolutio Data Optimized) The first phase of 1xEV techology that icreases data dowload speeds. 2G (secod geeratio) The secod geeratio of cell-phoe techology itroduced durig the 1990s. This geeratio added data capabilities to cell phoes, icludig Iteret ad access. 3G (third geeratio) Third-geeratio cell-phoe techology appeared i the 2000s ad forms the foudatio of our curret cell-phoe capabilities. 3G techology offers eve faster Iteret access, plus eables worldwide roamig capabilities. 16

17 AAA (autheticatio, authorizatio, ad accoutig) A etwork server used for access cotrol. Autheticatio idetifies the user. Authorizatio implemets policies that determie which resources ad services a valid user may access. Accoutig keeps track of time ad data resources used for billig ad aalysis. ACL (Access Cotrol List) A meas to cotrol access to ad deial of etwork services. AN (access etwork) A etwork that grats a ed user access to the etwork core ad etwork services. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) The routig protocol that carries iformatio across the Iteret. BSC (Base Statio Cotroller) A distributed computig structure of the access etwork that maages multiple Base Trasceiver Statios (BTSes), radio resources, ad hadoffs betwee BTSes withi its domai. BSC-to-BSC hadoffs are hadled by the mobile switchig ceter. BTS (Base Trasceiver Statio) A structure of the access etwork that cotais ateas, trasmittig ad receivig radio systems, ecodig/decodig systems, ad ecryptio/decryptio equipmet. Multiple BTSes are cotrolled by a BSC. CDMA (Code Divisio Multiple Access) A method for sedig multiple voice ad/or data sigals simultaeously across the radio spectrum. CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) A low-speed, cellular overlay that allows the trasmissio of digital data over uused cellular chaels i the MHz rage. CPE (customer premise equipmet) Commuicatio equipmet that resides o a customer s premise. DMU (Dyamic Mobile IP Update) A procedure used to distribute ad update mobile IP cryptographic keys i CDMA, 1xRTT, ad 1xEV-DO etworks. DNS (Domai Name Server) A Iteret service that traslates domai ames ito IP addresses. DS-3 circuit (Digital Sigal 3) Also referred to as a T3 lie, a digital telephoe coectio or circuit that offers data speeds of Mbps. E1 E1 is the Europea equivalet of a U.S. T1 lie (see T1). FECS (fixed-ed coectivity solutio) Cotais all ifrastructure to maitai mobile commuicatios systems, icludig base trasceiver statios, switchig ceters, ad more. GRE (Geeric Routig Ecapsulatio) A tuelig protocol that allows etwork layer packets to cotai packets from a differet protocol. It is widely used to tuel protocols iside IP packets for virtual private etworks. 17

18 HA (home aget) A core etwork device that stores ad forwards locatio ad IP address iformatio about a mobile statio whe it is away from the mobile statio s home etwork. The home aget is used i cojuctio with oe or more foreig agets to maage mobile statios as they roam. IETF (Iteret Egieerig Task Force) A stadards orgaizatio resposible for developig ad promotig Iteret stadards, icludig TCP/IP protocols. IMT-2000 (Iteratioal Mobile Telecommuicatios-2000) IMT-2000 is the global stadard established by the ITU for 3G wireless services. IP (Iteret Protocol) A etwork layer protocol used for commuicatig data over packet-switched etworks. Typically ecapsulated i a data lik layer such as Etheret, it provides a uique global addressig scheme for computig devices. IPSec (IP Security) A suite of protocols used to secure IP commuicatios through autheticatio ad ecryptio techology. ITU (Iteratioal Telecommuicatios Uio) A iteratioal goverig body that develops stadards recommedatios for telecommuicatios, cosumer electroics, broadcastig, ad multimedia commuicatios. The ITU s mai resposibilities goverig the mobile telecommuicatios idustry is stadardizatio, radio spectrum allocatio, ad the facilitatio of arragemets betwee coutries allowig for iteratioal phoe calls. MIP (mobile IP) I MIP, the packet data sessio is ot dropped each time the user chages locatio. The sessio cotiues as log as mobility is still coected to the home aget. MLPPP (Multi-lik Poit-to-Poit Protocol) A extesio to the poit-to-poit protocol that eables two chaels to be liked together to double the throughput. It is used for ISDN trasmissio ad chael bodig. MSC (mobile switchig ceter) A core etwork switchig structure that bridges the mobile telephoe access etwork with aother telephoe etwork such as the public switched telephoe etwork. NAS (etwork access server) A device that fuctios as a access cotrol poit for users i remote locatios, coectig users to their compay s iteral etwork or to a Iteret service provider. NAT (etwork address traslatio) A techique to allow a device to act as a aget betwee a public etwork, such as the Iteret, ad a local or private etwork, such as a corporate itraet, eablig a sigle, uique IP address to masquerade the IP addresses of a etire etwork of computers. PCF (packet cotrol fuctio) Routes IP packets betwee the mobile statios coected to its associated BTSes ad PDSNs. PDSN (Packet Data Servig Node) A PDSN establishes, maitais, ad termiates a PPP sessio to a MS. 18

19 POP (poit of presece) A poit of access to the Iteret, usually a collectio of routers ad servers housed i a physical locatio by a ISP. PPP (Poit-to-Poit Protocol) A commo method to establish a direct coectio betwee two poits. PPP is lik layer-agostic ad is commoly used to establish a coectio betwee a etworked device ad the Iteret. PVC (permaet virtual circuit) Used most ofte betwee hosts that commuicate cotiuously, this is a circuit that is always available. QoS (quality of service) The measure of performace i a telecommuicatios system. QoS refers to the mechaisms i the etwork software that make the actual determiatio of which packets have priority. RSA (Rivest, Shamir, Adelma) A ecryptio ad autheticatio system that uses a algorithm developed by Ro Rivest, Adi Shamir, ad Leoard Adelma. SIP (simple IP) I SIP, users who chage their locatios while o a wireless device cause their packet data sessio to ed, so each time the locatio chages, a ew packet data sessio is iitiated. T1 A digital telephoe coectio or circuit that offers data speeds of Mbps. It is made up of 24 separate chaels, each capable of trasmittig at speeds of 64 Kbps. TCP/IP (Trasmissio Cotrol Protocol/Iteret Protocol) A collectio of commuicatios protocols used to coect hosts to each other o the Iteret. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) A high-performace commuicatios protocol that trasports packetized data without the overhead of ackowledgig that packets have bee either set or received. UMTS (Uiversal Mobile Telecommuicatios System) A 3G broadbad service that allows for the packet-based trasmissio of text, digitized voice, video, ad multimedia cotet. VoIP (Voice over Iteret Protocol) Telephoe services that use the Iteret to make ad receive calls. VPN (virtual private etwork) A private commuicatios etwork used by compaies to privately commuicate over a public etwork. 19

20 8. CONTACT INFORMATION For more iformatio about Verizo Wireless, speak to a Verizo Wireless sales represetative or visit 9. LEGAL DISCLAIMER This documet ad the iformatio cotaied herei (collectively, the Iformatio ) is provided by Verizo Wireless, o behalf of itself ad its affiliates ( Verizo ) for iformatioal purposes oly. Verizo Wireless is providig the Iformatio because Verizo Wireless believes the Iformatio may be useful. The Iformatio is provided solely o the basis that each busiess will be resposible for makig its ow assessmets of the Iformatio ad are advised to verify all represetatios, statemets, ad iformatio before usig or relyig upo ay of the Iformatio. Although Verizo Wireless has exercised reasoable care i providig the Iformatio, Verizo Wireless does ot warrat the accuracy of the Iformatio ad is ot resposible for ay damages arisig from the use of or reliace upo the Iformatio. Verizo Wireless i o way represets, ad o reliace should be placed o ay belief, that Verizo Wireless is providig the Iformatio i accordace with ay stadard or service (routie, customary, or otherwise) related to the cosultig, services, hardware, software, or other idustries. Network details, coverage limitatios, ad maps are available at Verizo Wireless. All Rights Reserved. Verizo Wireless is a registered trademark of Verizo Trademark Services LLC. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owers. 20