Power Quality for Information Technology System
|
|
- Evan Rice
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Power Quality for Information Technology System
2 ITS OBVIOUS THE TOLERANCE IS DIFFRENT
3 But What isn t Tobvious? HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE : A COMPUTER AT HOME? =
4 Computers are not screens and Keyboards COMPUTERS ARE NOT SCREENS AND KEYBOARDS THEY ARE : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT
5 SURGE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SURGE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SURGE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SURGE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM SURGE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM PRASA Computers Today TELCO PROTECTORS STRUCTURAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION RISER COMPUTER ROOM 3 φ UPS TVSS ACCUvAR PANELS PANELS TVSS ACCUvAR CONFERENCE ROOMS PD U K-RATED Liebert Liebert NETWORKS TVSS ACCUvAR PANELS ACCUvAR Liebert OFFICES TVSS & VOLTAGE REGULATORS OFF-LINE UPS Liebert SECURITY FIRE TELCO PANELS PANELS ATF WORK STATIONS ON- UPS LIEBERT SERVICE ENTRANCE ACCUvAR STATIC X-FER SWITCH Liebert TVS S GENERATORS
6 POWER QUALITY DEFINITIONS PER IEC / IEEE Transient Surge Line Noise Short duration Voltage,Current or Power problem lasting typically < 3 m S. Voltage increase of typically > 2 X the peak nominal system. High frequency voltage or current typically < 5 KHz. Magnitude 0-8 pu. T.O.V. Temporary increase in RMS voltage pu Temporary Duration 26/31Cycles - 1 min. Overvoltage T.O.V. area Voltage nominal Swell pu Instantaneous increase in RMS voltage nominal Duration.5-25/30 cycles Sag Instantaneous decreases in RMS voltage nominal Duration.5-25/30 cycles Increase in RMS voltage pu Duration >1 min. Overvoltage Undervoltage Decrease i RMS voltage pu Duration > 1 min. IEEE Std Voltage nominal Voltage nominal Voltage nominal Voltage nominal
7 Power Quality Problems POWER QUALITY THE BIG PUZZLE HARMONICS WIRING METHODS EARTHING SYSTEMS EMI RFI LIGHTNING
8 Revised ITIC / IEEE 110 Curve 500 % Of Nominal Voltage % 110% 90% 80% 70% Duration in Seconds
9 IEEE Power Quality
10 TODAY S FACILITY WIDE POWER QUALITY PRASA Power Quality Strategy Redundancy REACTIVE IMPROVED UPTIME Monitoring Maintenance UPS Generators Static Switches Voltage Regulators PROACTIVE DAMAGE PREVENTION Active Tracking Filters (TVSS/Protectors) Transient Noise Filters Wiring Bonding Earthing
11 11 PRASA Common Earthing, Bonding and Wiring MULTIPLE EARTHS AC POWER COMMUNICATION CLEAN POWER
12 Incorrect isolated Earthing Mains Service Entrance Distribution Panelboard Isolated Earth Receptacle ITE Equipment N N N G IG IG PE Earthing Electrode Isolated Earthing Electrode
13 Multiple Earthing INTERCONNECT VOICE, SIGNAL AND DATA LINES TO AC POWER EARTH
14 IBM Earthing All grounds entering the room should be interconnected somewhere with in the building to provide a common ground potential. This includes any separate power sources, lighting and convenience outlets, and other grounded objects, such as buliding steel,plumbing, and duct work. The equipment grounding conductor to the green - wire common of the computer power ceners must be electrically attached (bonded ) to the enclosure and to the connector grounding terminal. See Figur 5-1 on page 5-4. Conduit must not be used as the only grounding means, and it must be connected in parallel with any grounding wires it contains. IBM GENERAL INFORMATION MANUAL IM-PP 5.2
15 15 PRASA NFPA 780 / BS665 / IEC6124 Earthing
16 Distribution Wiring Poor System Design COMPUTERS Service Entrance 208/120V 415/240V Electronic Loads Other Loads Low Cost, Low Power Quality MOTOR DRIVES LIGHTING SYSTEMS
17 Distribution Wiring Better System Design COMPUTERS Service Entrance 208/120V 415/240V Electronic Loads 208/120V 415/240V Other Loads Dedicated Feeds Results in Better Power Quality DRIVES LIGHTING SYSTEMS
18 Good Power Quality Earthing Requires : Good Surge Suppression and Filtering to Work Properly
19 Circuit Breakers and Fuses Protect For over Current
20 ITS OBVIOUS SURGE Transients SURGE NOISE Transients are (typically a few milliseconds duration) Surge - LARGE AMPLITUDE VOLTAGE / CURRENT PROBLEM > 2x nominal Vp EFFECT- HARDWARE DAMAGE SOLUTION- TVSS WITH FILTERING ( LIFE INSURANCE) NOISE- SMALL AMPLITUDE FAST RISE VOLTAGE PROBLEM < 2 x nominal Vp EFFECT- SOFTWARE / HARDWARE ERRORS, SYSTEM LOCK-UP SOLUTION- FILTERING SYSTEMS OF CAPACITORS ARE GOOD CAPACITORS & INDUCTORS ARE BETTER ( HEALTH INSURANCE )
21 SURGES Ite Threshold Levels Transients DISTURBANCE IN VOLTS E- FLASH OVER I - ENERGY EFFECT d v / d t BOUNDRY FUZZY REAL WORLD EVENTS NANO MICRO MILLI SECONDS
22 IBM Power Quality Power Quality The Quality of equipment can make a big difference in the performance of IBM equipment.power disurbances or transients can cause equipment power failures or errors.transients can come into the site on the power company lines but are often caused by produced by welders, cranes, motors, induction heaters, elevators, copy machines and other disturbances is to have transient - producing equipment The best way to prevent problems caused by power disturbances is to have transient - producing on a separate power service than the one that supplies power to the IBM equipment. IBM GENERAL INFORMATION MANUAL IM-PP 5
23 Statistics on Power Problems Under voltage, Over voltage, outages and others Voltages Spikes 40% Transient Voltage and noise 48.5% IEEE Report Impact of Utility Distribution Systems on Power Line Disturbance 1976 GW-Allen and Seagall. According to prominent IEEE report, 88.5% of all external and internal power disturbances are transients, spikes and noise.
24 IEEE STD 1100 Emerald Book SECTION SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES Recommended practice is that surge protective devices be applied to service entrance electrical switchboards and panelboards, and panelboards on the secondary of separately derived systems that support information technology equipment (ITE), telephone, telecommunications,signaling,television and other forms of electronic load equipment.
25 Semiconductor Failure DEGRADATION FROM SURGE CURRENT HEATING SUBSTRATE RESISTANCE CHANGES INTERMITTANT OPERATION PUNCTURED SUBSTRATE
26 Transient Sources Lightning Strikes Utility Line Work / System Faults Motors Arc Welders Transfer Switches Power Factor Correction Capacitors surge E = I x R + L di / dt switch time
27 Transient Sources Power Quality Audit Objectives To stop the interruption of your business To protect you from huge business loss To protect you from certain power related danger
28 Power Quality Audit Objectives To stop the interruption of your business To protect you from huge business loss To protect you from certain power related danger
29 Power Quality Management Power quality Accounting, the first step. track power quality problem Power Management, a powerful tool to: Measure power quality at each stage Pin-point areas of Wastage, failure, danger Resulting in Corrective Measures, Savings
30 Audit Standards Federal information processing standards publication standard-guideline of electrical power. IEEE standard Grounding & powering sensitive electronic equipment 1992 Conforms to National electric code( NFPA 70)
31 31 PRASA Procedure Install power quality analyzers at all the main breaker & any suspected location Collect power quality data & perform voltage & current harmonics analysis at the main building power & at the other location Perform a facility walk through.inspect switch gear, wiring, grounding practices, existing power conditioning, load equipments Analyze the recorded data. Compare susceptibility of sensitive loads to power quality data recorded. If any problems are found, asses if they are due to utility cause or customer;s loads. Isolate the cause & extent of the problems
32 32 PRASA Test Values The Standard equipments used by Emerson monitors & records a wide range of power characteristics & disturbances. Voltage regulation Phase voltage imbalance Total connected load current Building transformer detailing Frequency regulation Phase rotation Power factor Line disturbances Voltage & current total harmonic distortion Crest factor Phase symmetry
33 Deliverables Detailed report describing the Analysis Recommended solutions Customer will receive the information regarding - Power A analysis - Power B analysis - Power C analysis & in each stage they will get the details voltage, current frequency & harmonic data. Turn around time for the report is two weeks after final data collection
34 34 PRASA Our Guiding Principle Power is Expensive But Quality power Is Unique
Power surges can also be generated by equipment in your facility such as:
Power Quality Surge Suppressors What is Surge Protection A surge suppressor can be the first and best defense against the instant or gradual destruction of electrical equipment. Compared to the replacement
More informationFusible Disconnect Switch
Circuit Breakers Circuit breakers are used in panelboards and switchboards to provide circuit protection and provide a means of energizing and de-energizing a circuit. Siemens Sentron molded case circuit
More informationPower Quality Standards for Electric Service
Power Quality Standards for Electric Service Effective June 1, 2008 A transition period will exist from June 1 through December 31, 2008 in which installations may be approved and connected as long as
More informationFundamentals of Power
Fundamentals of Power Fundamentals of Power 2008 American Power Conversion Corporation. All rights reserved. All trademarks provided are the property of their respective owners. Learning Objectives At
More informationVoltage Tolerance Boundary
Pacific Gas and Electric Company Voltage Tolerance Boundary The only national standard for utilization voltage regulation is ANSI C84.1. Its title is American National Standard for Electric Power Systems
More informationCommon Power Problems & Power Protection Solutions
W H I T E P A P E R Common Power Problems & Power Protection Solutions Executive Summary All systems, from home theaters and office desktops to enterprise IT equipment in data centers, are prone to downtime,
More informationENGINEERING REPORT. XYZ Corporation 100 Anyplace Drive Chicago, Illinois 60613
ENGINEERING REPORT XYZ Corporation 100 Anyplace Drive Chicago, Illinois 60613 PERFORMED BY: MIDWEST ELECTRICAL CONSULTANTS, INC 18055 UPLAND DRIVE TINLEY PARK, ILLINOIS 60487 (708) 444-0001 fax: 444-0003
More informationCity of Leesburg, Florida I.T. Data Center 130551 APPENDIX A TOSHIBA UPS INFORMATION
City of Leesburg, Florida I.T. Data Center 130551 APPENDIX A TOSHIBA UPS INFORMATION This Appendix A includes technical documents and specifications for the Toshiba 4200 FA 30 kva Uninterruptable Power
More informationVideo Camera Installation Guide
Video Camera Installation Guide The intent of this guide is to provide the information needed to complete or modify a video camera installation to avoid lightning and induced power surge damage. This guide
More informationLine Reactors and AC Drives
Line Reactors and AC Drives Rockwell Automation Mequon Wisconsin Quite often, line and load reactors are installed on AC drives without a solid understanding of why or what the positive and negative consequences
More informationUnified requirements for systems with voltages above 1 kv up to 15 kv
(1991) (Rev.1 May 2001) (Rev.2 July 2003) (Rev.3 Feb 2015) Unified requirements for systems with voltages above 1 kv up to 15 kv 1. General 1.1 Field of application The following requirements apply to
More informationPower Quality Issues, Impacts, and Mitigation for Industrial Customers
Power Quality Issues, Impacts, and Mitigation for Industrial Customers By Kevin Olikara, Power and Energy Management Products Rockwell Automation, Inc. Now, more than ever, electronic equipment and computing
More informationLitigation Services & Information
Litigation Services & Information Laurence "Lo" Lehman, P.E. Lehman Engineering Company Lehman Engineering has been providing engineering, design, and consulting services for electrical power systems to
More informationHarmonics and Noise in Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter and the Mitigation Strategies
Soonwook Hong, Ph. D. Michael Zuercher Martinson Harmonics and Noise in Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter and the Mitigation Strategies 1. Introduction PV inverters use semiconductor devices to transform the
More informationSentron Series Circuit Breakers
Sentron Series Circuit Breakers Siemens Sentron Series circuit breakers are available in nine frame sizes: ED, FD, JD, LD, LMD, MD, ND, PD, and RD. Sentron Series circuit breakers have a wide range of
More informationPOWER QUALITY IN YOUR HOME
POWER QUALITY IN YOUR HOME How to ensure the life and reliable operation of your home electronics Electricity provides the power you need to run your home electronic equipment. Sometimes, interference
More informationIntroduction. Harmonics and IEEE 519 Page 1 of 19
Introduction In an ideal power system, the voltage supplied to customer equipment, and the resulting load current are perfect sine waves. In practice, however, conditions are never ideal, so these waveforms
More informationCPS 100 480Y S K CPS 100 480Y S C
Ref. No. 1299 Visor Series Ordering Guidelines Table.1-4. Retrofit Surge Protection Products TVSS General Description Clipper Power System Visor Series CPS 100 480Y S K.1-9 Surge Ratings 100 = /phase 120
More informationElectrical Power System Fundamentals for Non-Electrical Engineers
Electrical Power System Fundamentals for Non-Electrical Engineers by Steve Mackay EIT Micro-Course Series Every two weeks we present a 35 to 45 minute interactive course Practical, useful with Q & A throughout
More informationProject Name: Nortrax Section 26 41 00 Project No: 13-013 SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES Page 1
Page 1 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. General: Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Divisions 1 Specification sections apply to
More informationLTR Series Uninterruptible Power Systems 700 VA - 2.1 KVA. General Specification
08/17/12 Rev2 LTR Series General Specification 700 VA to 2.1 KVA 1.0 General LTR Series Uninterruptible Power Systems 700 VA - 2.1 KVA General Specification This specification describes the features and
More informationThe Seven Types of Power Problems
White Paper 18 Revision 1 by Joseph Seymour > Executive summary Many of the mysteries of equipment failure, downtime, software and data corruption, are the result of a problematic supply of power. There
More informationESP 120 M1, ESP 208 M1, ESP 240 M1, ESP 415 M1, ESP 277 M1, ESP 480 M1 and M1R variants. Installation instructions ESP M1/M1R mains protectors
ESP 120 M1, ESP 208 M1, ESP 240 M1, ESP 415 M1, ESP 277 M1, ESP 480 M1 and M1R variants Installation instructions Contents Key points of installation Before installation Installation Installation check
More informationCoordination of Telecommunications Surge Protective Devices in Countries with Unstable AC Power
App Notes ~ Outdoor Power System Design and Cost Considerations 1 Authors Peter Nystrom President TSi Power Corp. Coordination of Telecommunications Surge Protective Devices in Countries with Unstable
More informationPQ TechWatch. Power Quality in CONTENTS
PQ TechWatch A product of the EPRI Power Quality Knowledge program Power Quality in Internet Data Centers November 2007 CONTENTS Background of Internet Data Centers......1 Shared-Facility Centers................1
More information1. Franklin Rod Performance 2. LEC/DAS Performance
THREE ESSENTIALS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION: BONDING, GROUNDING AND SURGE PROTECTION by Richard Kithil, President and Orlando Alzamora, Vice-President National Lightning Safety Institute (NLSI) 1.0 Summary.
More informationTransfer Equipment Controls
Control Types Manual Transfer Switches Nonautomatic Transfer Switches Automatic Transfer Switches The type of control system for the transfer switch will vary depending on the type of switching equipment
More informationHow the National Grid System Operates. Chris Gorman Lead Account Executive Syracuse
How the National Grid System Operates Chris Gorman Lead Account Executive Syracuse 2 Parts of the Electric System Parts of the Electric System 1. Generating Station: Produces Electricity. 2. Transmission
More informationRVH/BCH Data Centres Proposals for Surge Protection and Ventilation
REPORT Proposals for Surge Protection and Ventilation BELFAST HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE TRUST ROYAL GROUP OF HOSPITALS GROSVENOR ROAD BELFAST BT12 6BA Rev. 01 6th September 2013 Table of Contents 1.0 Ventilation
More informationGrounding of Electrical Systems NEW CODE: Grounding and Bonding
Grounding of Electrical Systems NEW CODE: Grounding and Bonding Presented By Scott Peele PE Grounding of Electrical Systems Outline Defining the Terms Why should I Ground? Types of Grounding Systems Separately
More informationPower Quality For The Digital Age INVERTING SOLAR POWER A N E N V IRONME N TA L P OT E N T I A L S W HI T E PA PER. www.ep2000.com 800.500.
Power Quality For The Digital Age INVERTING SOLAR POWER A N E N V IRONME N TA L P OT E N T I A L S W HI T E PA PER Introduction Heat in the System The modern facility has been revolutionized by advancements
More informationElement D Services Electrical
Service and PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 OVERVIEW A. This Section includes design standards and requirements for electrical service and distribution. This is a design standard and is not intended to be used as
More informationELECTRICAL SAFETY. The standard unit for measuring electrical current.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY Introduction The following sections provide general safety guidelines and procedures for electrical safety. This chapter covers the following topics: TOPIC PAGE General Electrical Safety
More informationWhat are the basic electrical safety issues and remedies in solar photovoltaic installations?
What are the basic electrical safety issues and remedies in solar photovoltaic installations? Presented by: Behzad Eghtesady City of Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety Topics Covered Photovoltaic
More informationPower Quality & Custom Power
Day-3 Power Quality & Custom Power Arindam Ghosh Dept. of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,, India E-mail: aghosh@iitk iitk.ac.in Power Quality (PQ) The term electric power
More informationSUGGESTED SPECIFICATION for Series 185 Service Entrance Rated Automatic Transfer Switches
SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION for Series 185 Service Entrance Rated Automatic Transfer Switches PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 Scope Optional Standby Power Generator Systems A. Furnish and install automatic transfer switches
More informationRC NETWORKS SALES GUIDE
SALES GUIDE INTRODUCTION TO Recent developments in electronic equipment have shown the following trends: Increasing demands for numerical control machines, robotics and technically advanced appliances
More informationFortune Oregon Data Center Increases Reliability with a High Resistance Grounding System
Fortune Oregon Data Center Increases Reliability with a High Resistance Grounding System Cory David Smith, Project Manager, ECOM Engineering Inc., and David Lawrence Smith, Principal, ECOM Engineering
More informationCircuit Breakers and Switchgear. Thomas Greer Director of Engineering TLG Services
Circuit Breakers and Switchgear Thomas Greer Director of Engineering TLG Services Presentation Outline Switchgear Definition Overcurrent Protection Devices Circuit Breaker Trip Curves and Coordination
More informationSurgeShield. Section A: What is SurgeShield?
SurgeShield Section A: What is SurgeShield? 1. What is SurgeShield? SurgeShield is a whole-house surge protection program administered by FPL Energy Services, Inc ( FPLES ). The SurgeShield device is a
More informationUNDERSTANDING POWER FACTOR AND INPUT CURRENT HARMONICS IN SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLIES
UNDERSTANDING POWER FACTOR AND INPUT CURRENT HARMONICS IN SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLIES WHITE PAPER: TW0062 36 Newburgh Road Hackettstown, NJ 07840 Feb 2009 Alan Gobbi About the Author Alan Gobbi Alan Gobbi
More informationCoaxial Cable Entry Panels, Coax and Grounding Connectors. Technical Note
Coaxial Cable Entry Panels, Coax and Grounding Connectors Technical Note Coaxial Cable Entry Panels, Coax and Grounding Connectors Surge Protection Solutions for PTC 2 Coaxial Cable Entry Panels, Coax
More informationNuclear Power Plant Electrical Power Supply System Requirements
1 Nuclear Power Plant Electrical Power Supply System Requirements Željko Jurković, Krško NPP, zeljko.jurkovic@nek.si Abstract Various regulations and standards require from electrical power system of the
More informationSmartOnline 200-240V 5kVA 4.5kW On-Line Double-Conversion UPS, Extended Run, SNMP, Webcard, 4U Rack/Tower, USB, DB9 Serial
SmartOnline 200-240V 5kVA 4.5kW On-Line Double-Conversion UPS, Extended Run, SNMP, Webcard, 4U Rack/Tower, USB, DB9 Serial MODEL NUMBER: SU5000RT4UHV Description Tripp Lite SU5000RT4UHV 5000VA / 5kVA /
More informationIMPROVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY (PQ) BY UPQC (UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER) IN POWER SYSTEM USING ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY (ANFIS) TECHNIQUE
International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April, 2016, pp.59 68, Article ID: IJEET_07_02_007 Available online at http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijeet/issues.asp?jtype=ijeet&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationIntegrating SPDs in Switchgear & Switchboards Causes More Problems than it Solves
Integrating SPDs in Switchgear & Switchboards Causes More Problems than it Solves White Paper July 2010 Integrating surge protective devices (SPD) into distribution equipment (i.e. switchgear, switchboards,
More informationPower Quality. Uninterruptible Power Supply
Quality Uninterruptible Supply In the electrical system environment, power disturbances will occur. These can be caused by faults on the distribution system, the operation of nearby equipment, lightning
More informationThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication TECHNICAL REPORT
TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 62066 First edition 2002-06 Surge overvoltages and surge protection in low-voltage a.c. power systems General basic information Surtensions de choc et protection contre la foudre
More informationData Center Power Overload Protection: Circuit breakers and branch circuit protection for data centers
Data Center Power Overload Protection: Circuit breakers and branch circuit protection for data centers 2009, Raritan Inc. Introduction Over the past few years, average power consumption per server has
More information7-41 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FTOR CORRECTION INTRODUCTION Modern electronic equipment can create noise that will cause problems with other equipment on the same supply system. To reduce system disturbances it is therefore essential
More informationProduct Description Full Voltage Starting Electric Fire Pump Controllers FTA1000
Product Description Full Voltage Starting Electric Fire Pump Controllers FTA1000 Description Firetrol FTA1000 Full Voltage Fire Pump Controllers are intended for use with electric motor driven fi re pumps
More informationResponsibility Rules of Professional Engineers Concerning the. Design of Electrical Systems
This copy is provided courtesy of Engineer Educators, Inc., Approved Provider 0003330 by the Florida Board of Professonal Engineers with continuing education classes on line at www.engineereducators.com
More informationSmartOnline Expandable Rack / Tower UPS System Online, double-conversion protection for mission critical applications
SmartOnline Expandable Rack / Tower UPS System Online, double-conversion protection for mission critical applications Model #: SU3000RTXL3U 3000VA online 3U rack / tower UPS Enhanced serial communications
More informationApplication Bulletin 103 - NEC Reference Guide for SolarBridge-Enabled AC Module Installers
9229 Waterford Centre Dr. Bldg C, Suite 110 Austin, Tx 78758 Application Bulletin 103 - NEC Reference Guide for SolarBridge-Enabled AC Module Installers Current Version: 13 AC Modules are a new product
More informationLiebert PPC Second Generation Power Distribution Cabinet
Liebert PPC Second Generation Power Distribution Cabinet Emerson Network Power Delivers The Packaged Power Solution Creating high quality power is a major step towards protecting the operation of a critical
More informationRobson Forensic Engineers, Architects, Scientists & Fire Investigators
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2015 to Robson Forensic, Inc. present Associate Provide technical investigations, analysis, reports, and testimony for failure analysis toward the resolution of commercial property
More informationInterfacing electrification and system reliability. Earthing of AC and DC railways 4,10,13
Interfacing electrification and system reliability Roger White Professional Head of Electrification and Plant Rail Abstract Integration is the term given to ensuring that the different elements of an electrified
More informationUser's Guide. True RMS Industrial Multimeter
User's Guide 97650 True RMS Industrial Multimeter Ω C ã F ã 10A V µ 10A V ã ã ma A Introduction This meter measures AC/DC Voltage, AC/DC Current, Resistance, Capacitance, Frequency (electrical & electronic),
More informationEvaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment 1 USE OF THIS PUBLICATION This publication provides information on how to evaluate electrical equipment that has been exposed to water through flooding, fire
More informationData Assessment for Electrical Surge Protection Devices
Data Assessment for Electrical Surge Protection Devices Phase 1 Final Report Prepared by: Eddie Davis Nick Kooiman Kylash Viswanathan Hughes Associates, Inc. Vancouver, Washington 98660 October 2014 Fire
More informationElectricity Service Standards
CODE OF PRACTICE Electricity Service Standards Revised August 2015 Contents 1. Preface... 1 Format... 1 2. Application and Objectives... 2 3. Service Standards... 3 3.1 General... 3 3.2 Particular... 3
More information21 st Century Facilities
Electrical Testing 21 st Century Facilities Facility Owners face tough challenges 24 X 7 reliability needed Non linear loads cause harmonics VFD Computers Switching transients disrupt operations Less customer
More informationEngineering innovation
Eaton's Electrical Engineering Services & Systems Solutions Focus Seamless Solutions for Reliable, Efficient and Safe Power Systems Engineering innovation Progressive solutions for today s power systems
More informationIndustrial-Grade UPS System Heavy-duty power protection for harsh industrial environments
Industrial-Grade UPS System Heavy-duty power protection for harsh industrial environments Model #: SM2000RMX Heavy-duty, industrial-grade metal housings Shock and vibration rated to MIL-STD-810D 19 inch
More informationApplications. Remote Display Mounting Kits
June 200 Sheet 105 Surge Protection Products TVSS General Description Clipper Power System Visor Series.1-5 Clipper Power System Visor Series General Description Eaton s Cutler-Hammer leading-edge surge
More informationEvaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment 1 USE OF THIS PUBLICATION This publication provides information on how to evaluate electrical equipment that has been exposed to water through flooding, fire
More informationElectrical Grounding. Appendix C
Appendix C Electrical Grounding Low-Voltage Equipment Grounding The most frequently cited Office of Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) electrical violation is improper occupational grounding of equipment
More informationDeveloping a Utility/Customer Partnership To Improve Power Quality and Performance
Developing a Utility/Customer Partnership To Improve Power Quality and Performance Mark McGranaghan Electrotek Concepts Knoxville, TN Abstract Many industrial and commercial electric customers now require
More information13 common causes of motor failure
13 common causes of motor failure Application Note What to look for and how to improve asset uptime Motors are used everywhere in industrial environments and they are becoming increasingly complex and
More informationEvaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical www.nema.org Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical 1 USE OF THIS PUBLICATION This publication provides information on how to evaluate electrical equipment that has been
More informationTechnical Comparison of On-line vs. Line-interactive UPS designs
Technical Comparison of On-line vs. Line-interactive UPS designs By Jeffrey Samstad Michael Hoff White Paper #79 Executive Summary UPS systems below 5000VA are available in two basic designs: line-interactive
More informationAlways On UPS Systems Inc., #100-150 Campion Road, Kelowna, BC Canada V1X 7S8
Door Mount UPS (Patent Pending) Shelf Mount UPS (Patent Pending) DESCRIPTION: The Always On NDM (door mount) and NSM (shelf mount) Series UPS s are dual conversion online UPS systems provided in slim,
More informationCIRCUIT BREAKER INTERRUPTING CAPACITY AND SHORT-TIME CURRENT RATINGS
CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERRUPTING CAPACITY AND SHORT-TIME CURRENT RATINGS David D. Roybal, P.E. Senior Member, IEEE Eaton Electrical 3697 Mount Diablo Boulevard Lafayette, CA 94549 Abstract Low-voltage circuit
More informationIEEE802.3poep Study Group Revision of isolation requirements in IEEE802.3 clause 33.
IEEE802.3poep Study Group Revision of isolation requirements in IEEE802.3 clause 33. San Francisco, July 2005 Arkadiy Peker Powerdsine Arkadiyp@powerdsineusa.com Yair Darshan Powerdsine Yaird@powerdsine.com
More informationShort Circuit Current Calculations
Introduction Several sections of the National Electrical Code relate to proper overcurrent protection. Safe and reliable application of overcurrent protective devices based on these sections mandate that
More informationLiebert GXT3 Reliable On-Line UPS Protection In A Compact 2U Package 700VA -3000VA
Liebert GXT3 Reliable On-Line UPS Protection In A Compact 2U Package 700VA -3000VA Liebert GXT3 is a full feature UPS providing reliable protection for IT network equipment and data centers. It is a true
More informationPart 1 System Modeling & Studies for Existing Systems
Part 1 System Modeling & Studies for Existing Systems Operation Technology, Inc. Copyright 2009 Result of rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between two conductors. Bus voltages > 208V Temperatures
More informationAN96-07. Surging Ideas TVS Diode Application Note PROTECTION PRODUCTS. TRANSIENT IMMUNITY STANDARDS: IEC 61000-4-x
TRANSIENT IMMUNITY STANDARDS: IEC 61000-4-x On January 1, 1996, exports into Europe began facing some tough transient immunity standards. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a worldwide
More informationSECTION 26 29 23 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES
SECTION 26 29 23 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE A. Furnish and install individual freestanding variable frequency AC drives (VFD) as shown on the Drawings and specified herein. 1.02
More informationIRRIGATION PUMPING Table of Contents - Section 900
IRRIGATION PUMPING Table of Contents - Section 900 PARAGRAPH 900.1 GENERAL 1 900.2 METERING REQUIREMENTS 1 900.3 CUSTOMER S CONTROL EQUIPMENT 2 900.4 SERVICE CONDUCTOR REQUIREMENTS 2 900.5 RECOMMENDATIONS
More informationNFPA 70E 2012 Rolls Out New Electrical Safety Requirements Affecting Data Centers
NFPA 70E 2012 Rolls Out New Electrical Safety Requirements Affecting Data Centers A market position paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity TM Executive Summary Electrocutions are the fourth
More informationEquipment Performance Due to Voltage Sags Test Results for Contactor and Induction Motor
DOI 10.7603/s40707-013-0008-5 Equipment Performance Due to Voltage Sags Test Results for Contactor and Induction Motor Surya Hardi, Muhd. Hafizi, Muzamir Isa, Rohana Ismail Abstract This paper presents
More informationPower Management Module 2. Installation
Power Management Module 2 30 300 kva Installation Table of Contents Safety... 1 Safety Instructions... 1 Certification Standards Three Phase... 1 Product Safety... 2 Special Precautions... 2 System Description...
More informationElectrical Wiring Methods, Components and Equipment for General Use. Approved for Public Release; Further Dissemination Unlimited
Electrical Wiring Methods, Components and Equipment for General Use Approved for Public Release; Further Dissemination Unlimited At the completion of this unit you shall be able to: 1. Utilize section
More informationHARMONIC DISTORTION IN THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM
Technical Note No.3 March 2000 HARMONIC DISTORTION IN THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM This Technical Note discusses harmonic distortion, its causes and adverse effects, what levels are unacceptable and how
More informationSafety technique. Emergency stop module BO 5988 safemaster
Safety technique Emergency stop module BO 5988 safemaster 0221562 Function diagram Pushbutton on Mains or emergencystop () K1 According to EC Directive for machines 98/37/EG According to IEC/E 60204-1
More informationSupply Standards: Electricity Supply Standard July 2011 4 JULY 2011 ISSUE 6 UNCLASSIFIED UNCONTROLLED COPY IF PRINTED
s: Electricity Supply Standard July 2011 4 JULY 2011 ISSUE 6 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE - s: Electricity PREPARED BY: Power Quality Manager AUTHORISED BY: General Manager Network Support DOCUMENT NUMBER: -
More informationRegulation IO-6.0: Electrical Safety Regulations
Regulation IO-6.0: Electrical Safety Regulations 6.1 Workmanship & Material 6.2 Electrical Conductors 6.3 Overcurrent Protective Devices 6.4 Precautions against Earth Leakage and Earthfault Currents 6.5
More informationSURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES
SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES 1. INTRODUCTION In order to ensure safety of people, protection of equipment and, to a certain extent, continuity of supply, insulation co-ordination aims at reducing the likelihood
More informationMEDIUM VOLTAGE CE-BF SWITCHBOARDS. UP TO 40.5 kv. CE - BF - C - en - REV.00 2012.4
CE - BF - C - en - REV.00 2012.4 APPLICATION CE-BF Switchbords up to 40.5 kv are designed for use in public and industrial distribution system up to 40,5KV for the operation and protection of lines, transformers,
More informationHow SafePlug Smart Receptacles Can Save Money in Commercial Buildings
How SafePlug Smart Receptacles Can Save Money in Commercial Buildings by Steve Montgomery, P.E. 2D2C, Inc. SafePlug smart receptacle system add the ability to accurately identify exactly what appliance
More informationGuidelines for ATS selection: How to choose the right transfer solution for your power application.
Power topic #7012 Technical information from Cummins Power Generation Inc. Guidelines for ATS selection: How to choose the right transfer solution for your power application. > White Paper By Gary Olson,
More informationDDX 7000 & 8003. Digital Partial Discharge Detectors FEATURES APPLICATIONS
DDX 7000 & 8003 Digital Partial Discharge Detectors The HAEFELY HIPOTRONICS DDX Digital Partial Discharge Detector offers the high accuracy and flexibility of digital technology, plus the real-time display
More informationGENERIC REQUIREMENTS FOR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) TABLE OF CONTENTS
TR TSY 000757 GENERIC REQUIREMENTS FOR UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.... 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Organization.. 1.3 Reason for Reissue From Technical Advisory
More informationHIGH VOLTAGE SHORE CONNECTION
Guide for High Voltage Shore Connection GUIDE FOR HIGH VOLTAGE SHORE CONNECTION NOVEMBER 2011 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2011
More informationSmartOnline 200-240V 6kVA 4.2kW On-Line Double-Conversion UPS, Extended Run, SNMP, Webcard, 6U Rack/Tower, DB9 Serial, Hardwire
SmartOnline 200-240V 6kVA 4.2kW On-Line Double-Conversion UPS, Extended Run, SNMP, Webcard, 6U Rack/Tower, DB9 Serial, Hardwire MODEL NUMBER: SU6000RT3UHV Highlights 6000VA / 6kVA / 4200W on-line double-conversion
More informationSession 10: General Overview of Interconnection Standards & Grid Codes for High Penetration PV October 21, 2015 Santiago, Chile
Session 10: General Overview of Interconnection Standards & Grid Codes for High Penetration PV October 21, 2015 Santiago, Chile Michael Coddington National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado,
More informationJoslyn Clark Controls, Inc.
Joslyn Clark Controls, Inc. CAPACITOR SWITCHING VACUUM CONTACTORS vs. AIR BREAK CONTACTORS APPLICATION PRECAUTIONS & CALCULATIONS TO LIMIT HIGH FREQUENCY & HIGH CURRENT 2 QUESTION: WHY IS A VACUUM CONTACTOR
More informationIntroduction to Data Centre Design
Introduction to Data Centre Design Barry Elliott BSc RCDD MBA CEng Earthing, grounding and bonding November 09 Earthing what s the point Safety from electrical hazards Reliable signal reference within
More informationOPTIMIZING POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION FOR MODERN DATA CENTERS
OPTIMIZING POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION FOR MODERN DATA CENTERS Data center power systems are constructed with a premium on reliability at a significant cost. The return on this investment is realized if it
More information