POST-OCCUPANCY-EVALUATION, ENERGY MONITORING AND COST ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY HOUSING ESTATES
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1 IKI AG-RB IKI AG-RB SUSTAINABILITY MONITORING OF VIENNESE HOUSING ESTATES. POST-OCCUPANCY-EVALUATION, ENERGY MONITORING AND COST ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY HOUSING ESTATES Supported by Viennese Housing Research Univ.Prof. Arch. DI Dr. Martin Treberspurg, DI Roman Smutny Division of Sustainable Construction Institute of Structural Engineering (IKI), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; , CESB2010, Prag , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 1 CONTENT S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y M O N I T O R I N G ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Analysis of Energy Performance Univ.Prof. Arch. Dr. Martin Treberspurg DI Roman Smutny, BOKU Vienna, Division of Sustainable Construction SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Post-Occupancy-Analysis: Satisfaction Ass.Prof. Dr. Alexander Keul, Uni Salzburg, Environmental Psychology ECONOMICALSUSTAINABILITY Cost Analysis Mag. Andreas Oberhuber DI Birgit Schuster, Kerstin Götzl B.A., FGW Vienna MMag. Philipp Kaufmann MMAS, WU-Vienna Do Passive-Houses achieve the ambitious planning objectives? How much energy can be saved actually compared with conventional housing estates? How satisfied are the residents? What are the actual construction costs? , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 2
2 IKI AG-RB IKI AG-RB SUSTAINABILITY MONITORING OF VIENNESE HOUSING ESTATES. ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Analyse of Energy Performance & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of 1367 Residential Units Completed between Units in Passive House Standard Monitoring Data of AEE INTEC (W. Wagner) and TU-Vienna (T. Bednar) have also been taken into account. ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Analysis of Energy Performance Univ.Prof. Arch. Dr. Martin Treberspurg DI Roman Smutny, BOKU Vienna, Division of Sustainable Construction S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y M O N I T O R I N G SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Post-Occupancy-Analysis: Satisfaction Ass.Prof. Dr. Alexander Keul, Uni Salzburg, Environmental Psychology ECONOMICALSUSTAINABILITY Cost Analysis Mag. Andreas Oberhuber DI Birgit Schuster, Kerstin Götzl B.A., FGW Vienna MMag. Philipp Kaufmann MMAS, WU-Vienna , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 3 TARGET-ACTUAL-COMPARISON USEFUL AND FINAL ENERGY SPACE HEATING per Gross Floor Area (GFA) MEAN VALUES - PLANNING versus MEASURED of Passive Houses (PH) and Low Energy Houses (NEH) Generally good Target-Actual consistency Equipment losses in Passive Houses have been underestimated PH consume about ~ 30 kwh/(m².a) less final energy for space heating Legend Planning Measured Value, recalculated Consumption Value, real for real climate and 23 C indoor air temp. Equipment Losses Useful Energy Final delivered Energy , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 4
3 TARGET-ACTUAL-COMPARISON USEFUL AND FINAL ENERGY SPACE HEATING per gross floor area (GFA) MEAN VALUES - PLANNING versus MEASURED of Passive Houses (PH) and Low Energy Houses (NEH) , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 5 FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION SPACE HEATING AND HOT WATER per gross floor area (GFA) excluding electrical auxiliary energy All PH on same level: ~ kwh/(m².a) Existing solar thermal plants cover ~ 25 % Heat pump plants show a real performance factor of ~ 2.6 (compact system with integrated hot water generation) Monitoring of TU-Vienna cuts consumption: ~ 8 kwh/(m².a) district heating ~ 10 kwh/(m².a) elecritcal energy , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 6
4 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SPACE HEATING AND HOT WATER per gross floor area (GFA) excluding electrical auxiliary energy All PH on same level: ~ 7-9 kg CO 2 -Ä./(m².a) Existing solar thermal plants save ~ 2 kg CO 2 - Ä./(m².a) when energy supply with fossil gas Heat pump plants compared with other energy carriers: o Approx. same useful energy demand o Less final energy demand o Approx. same GHG-Emissions FACTORS: District Heating: 192 kg/mwh, Gas 250 kg/mwh, Electricity 617 kg/mwh , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 7 THERMAL BALANCE, Mean values of housing estates with district heating , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 8
5 HIGHER ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION by PH-ventilation system? Mean Electricity Consumption of apartments 30 kwh/(m²bgf.a) PASSIVHAUS PASSIVE- NIEDRIGST- LOWEST- ENERGIE- CONVENTIONAL HOUSES ENERGY- ENERGIE- SPARHAUS HOUSES with HOUSES HAUS sanitary ventilation with PHventilation Wohnungen ERHOBENER STROMVERBRAUCH, MITTLERER Mean electricity ERHOBENER consumption STROMVERBRAUCH of apartments von Wohnungen with conventional in Gebäuden ohne sanitary Komfortlüftungsanlage ventilation and und without ohne elektrische electrical Warmwasserbereitung hot water generation Treberspurg et al., 2010 Evaluierung solarcity Linz-Pichling Energie efficiency = Effort / Benefit. Benefit: higher Air Quality, mould avoidance Measured electricity consumption for PH-ventilation: ~ 3-6 kwh/(m².a) IMPORTANT: Verification by Monitoring Electricity consumption for conventional sanitary ventilation: ~ 1-2 kwh/(m².a). Electricity consumption of PH on same level as conventional apartment Electricity consumption of LstEH about 4 kwh/(m² BGF.a) higher than of conventional apartments. Electricity consumption of apartments with electrical hot water generation about 15 kwh/(m² BGF.a) higher than of conventional apartments , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 9 SUSTAINABILITY MONITORING OF VIENNESE HOUSING ESTATES. ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY Analysis of Construction Costs Mag. Andreas Oberhuber, DI Birgit Schuster, Kerstin Götzl B.A. FGW Vienna, Forschungsgesellschaft für Wohnen, Bauen und Planen MMag. Philipp Kaufmann MMAS, WU-Vienna, Forschungsinstitut für Raum- und Immobilienwirtschaft DI Roman Smutny BOKU Vienna, Division of Sustainable Construction ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Analysis of Energy Performance Univ.Prof. Arch. Dr. Martin Treberspurg DI Roman Smutny, BOKU Vienna, Division of Sustainable Construction S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y M O N I T O R I N G SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Post-Occupancy-Analysis: Satisfaction Ass.Prof. Dr. Alexander Keul, Uni Salzburg, Environmental Psychology IKI AG-RB IKI AG-RB ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY Cost Analysis Mag. Andreas Oberhuber DI Birgit Schuster, Kerstin Götzl B.A., FGW Vienna MMag. Philipp Kaufmann MMAS, WU-Vienna , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 10
6 ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION COSTS Influence of Building Size DECREASING COSTS CONSTANT COSTS PH and LEH approx. on same level Small housing estates are more expensive ~ 1600 /m² Bigger housing estates > 2000 m² cost approx /m² % additional costs for small housing estates Usable floor area Construction Costs per Usable Floor Area (UFA) Including: Development, Planning fees, Additional Costs Excluding: Property costs, value added tax , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 11 ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION COSTS Influence of Compactness (Surface-Volume-Ratio) Construction Costs per Usable Floor Area (UFA) Including: Development, Planning fees, Additional Costs Excluding: Property costs, value added tax PH and LEH approx. on same level Correlation between Compactness and Construction Costs Surface-Volume-Ratio of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 m -1 cause corresponding construction costs of ~ 1300, 1400 and 1500 /m² % additional costs for less compact buildings , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 12
7 Analysis of Construction Costs - Summary Size and Compactness are the most important factors for construction costs Year of Completion and Energy Efficiency Class: Significance for construction costs not noticeable Additional Costs of the first PH estates: ~ 4-12 % % with decentral ventilation units (Roschégasse) Little additional costs (~ 5 %): Utendorfgasse (Vienna), Sophienhof (Frankfurt), Lodenareal (Innsbruck) Additional Costs in the future: ~ 4-6%: Decentral ventilation units becoming cheaper Energy efficient windows becoming cheaper: increasing share of triple glazing (~25 %), frameless windows, vacuum glazing , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 13 IKI AG-RB IKI AG-RB SUSTAINABILITY MONITORING OF VIENNESE HOUSING ESTATES. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Post-Occupancy-Analyse of Living Satisfaction Dr. Alexander Keul, alexander.keul@sbg.ac.at Ass.Prof. University Salzburg, Environmental Psychology Hon.Prof. University of Technology Vienna ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY Analysis of Energy Performance Univ.Prof. Arch. Dr. Martin Treberspurg DI Roman Smutny, BOKU Vienna, Division of Sustainable Construction S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y M O N I T O R I N G SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Post-Occupancy-Analysis: Satisfaction Ass.Prof. Dr. Alexander Keul, Uni Salzburg, Environmental Psychology ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY Cost Analysis Mag. Andreas Oberhuber DI Birgit Schuster, Kerstin Götzl B.A., FGW Vienna MMag. Philipp Kaufmann MMAS, WU-Vienna , CESB 2010, Univ. Prague, Prof. Ass.Prof. Arch. DI Dr. Alexander Martin Treberspurg, Keul, University DI Roman Salzburg, Smutny Environmental BOKU Wien Psychology AG Ressourcenorientiertes Bauen 14
8 UTEN ROSCHE MÜHL DREH KAM_B KAM_E ALTB_W Very satisfied with apartment % Utendorfgasse very satisfied Nov.08 Mai.07 Ende % , CESB 2010, Univ. Prague, Prof. Ass.Prof. Arch. DI Dr. Alexander Martin Treberspurg, Keul, University DI Roman Salzburg, Smutny Environmental BOKU Wien Psychology AG Ressourcenorientiertes Bauen 15 SUMMARY and Outlook , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 16
9 ADDITIONAL VALUE of PH-STANDARD for Housing Estates Pros: Living Comfort, Energy Efficiency, Climate Protection, Energy Costs with justifyable Additional Costs for Construction of ~ 4-6 %. PH-Standard for new buildings is worth striving for otherwise new buildings could cause higher Life-Cycle-Costs due to rising energy prices and necessary remediations: mould, thermal retrofit, Most important contribution of new PH Buildings: Learnings for thernal retrofit towards PH-Standard. Risiks, when quality assurance is lacking! PHI-Certificate, DGNB-Certificate, , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 17 The Path towards NETTO-PLUS-ENERGY - BUILDINGS PH-Standard is the Basis for Climate Protection and Securing Energy Supply Further Contributions by energy efficient building equipment: - active solar energy, bio energy - heat dirstribution with intensive insulation: twofold ø - high efficiency class for ventilation + pumps - energy efficient lighting (eg. garage, staircase): LED, motion detectors, Important further Contributions by energy efficient user , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 18
10 Contributions of the Sustainability Monitoring Energy Monitoring causes Quality Assurance and Increase of Energy Efficiency Social Science Analysis (POE) causes Synergien und deliver additional knowledge for developer, planner, energy supplier and subsidising administration. Monitoring for all subsidized buildings is recommended. Energy-Aware-Culture: Quality of Buildings is not visible. Make it more transparent by public notice. Fernwärme , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 19 Concepts for Energy Efficient and Climate Protecting Buildings are known and have been successfully tested. The next step is a widespread implementation THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION DEKUJI ZA POZORNOST! DI Roman Smutny roman.smutny@boku.ac.at Univ. Prof. Arch. DI Dr. Martin Treberspurg martin.treberspurg@boku.ac.at Ass. Prof. Dr. Alexander Keul alexander.keul@sbg.ac.at Results of the study , CESB 2010, Ass. Prague, Prof. Univ.Prof. Dr. Alexander Arch. Keul, Dr. Martin Uni Salzburg Treberspurg, Umweltpsychologie, DI Roman Smutny, Hon. BOKU Prof. Vienna TU-Wien 20
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